• 유변학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

전기장이 인가되고 있는 유로를 유동하는 전기유변유체의 기본성질을 파악하기 위 한 실험 및 해석적 연구를 수행하여 빙햄유체로서의 유효성에 대해 알아보고 전기장과 유로 면 형상 및 진동유동으로 인한 영향에 대해 조사함으로써 ER밸브 및 ER대퍼로의 응용과 관련한 감쇄력 제어에 대해 검토하였다. 첫 번째 실험은 ER밸브의 높이가 2mm인 적극면이 평탄한것과 요철로 된 것을 사용하여 압력손실을 압력변환기로 측정함으로써 전기장 및 유 로형상에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. 압력손실 및 전단응력이 전기자세기와 함수관계를 가짐 을 알수 있었고 전기장세기와 유속의 변화시 손실계수에 의한 ER효과의 상이함이 확인되었 으며 레이놀즈수가 커지면 항복전단응력의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 두 번째 실험은 실린더 를 정현파로 진동시켜 ER밸브에서 감쇠력제어가 가능한가를 알아보고 빙햄유체모델로 설계 된 ER댐퍼의 모델과 비교하였다. ER배르와 ER댐퍼의 수학적 모델을 시뮬레이션한 결과는 약간 벗어남이 보이기는 하나 실험결과와 일치하요 있다. 이것은 ER유체를 단순히 빙행유 체로 취급할수없으나 거시적으로는 빙햄유체로 취급할수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This paper presents two different models of electrorheological(ER) valves which can be applicable to an automatic cargo handling system at the seaport. Four different ER fluids, which are commercially available, are adopted and their Bingham characteristics are experimentally evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric field. The field-dependent Bingham models are used in the design of two types of ER valves; single-type and divided-type. The governing equations of motion of the ER valves are derived and the principal design parameters are determined based on 200ton platform to be vertically controlled by the ER valves. Both pressure drops due to the applied field and current density required to operate the ER valves are analyzed. In addition, the pressure drops of the cylinder system are evaluated for both ER valves.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

The structure of ER valve is simple that its designing and manufacturing are easy. The flow rate and pressure of ER fluids flowing in the ER valve are controlled only by electric field. In this study a three port ER valve is designed and manufactured. Then, the flow rate and pressure dorp of ER fluids flowing in the ER valve are measured. The system proposed controls flow rate and pressure fast. So, this system can be easily substituted for the existing hydaulic and pneumaitc control system.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

This paper presents performance analyses of three types of the cylindrical-type ER(electro-rheo-logical) valves, which have different electrode length and width but same electrode area. Following the composition of silicone oil-based ER fluid, the field-dependent yield stresses are obtained from experimental investigation on the Bingham property of the ER fluid. The ER valve which is dependent on the applied electric field is devised and its theoretical model is derived. On the basis of the pressure-drop analysis, three types of the ER valves are designed and manufactured. After experimentally evaluation field-dependent pressure drops, PI controller is formulated to achieve tracking control on desired pressure drop. The controller is then experimentally implemented and tracking control performance is presented in order to demonstrate superior controllability of the ER valve. In addition, the response characteristic of the ER valve with respect to the excitation frequency of the electric fiedls is provided to show the feasibility of practical application.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2012

In this study, ER fluids were working fluid and yield shear stress of attained dispersive ER fluids made by analyzed to adapt effectively at the practical equipment like three port ER valve. In addition, movement of ER particle was observed by using a microscope the same as the strength of electric field with Bingham characteristic. Basis material was presented to develop 3 port ER-Valve by quantitatively comparing and analyzing entrance, load and outlet flow's differences of 3 port rectangular tubes. This study, after designing and producing the 3port ER-Valve, considered the characteristic of pressure drop, outlet and load flow rate by changing the strength of electric field on ER fluids flowing between electrodes.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.52-64
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• 1996

This paper presents an active position control of a single-rod cylinder system featuring an electrorheological(ER) fluid-based valve. The ER fluid consisting of silicone oil and chemically treated particles is firstly composed and its Bingham property is tested as a function of imposed electric field. A multi-channel plate type of ER valve is then designed and manufactured on the basis of the field-dependent Bingham model. Performance test of the ER valve is undertaken by evaluating pressure drop with respect to the number of electrode as well as the intensity of the electric field. Subsequently, the ER valve-cylinder system is constructed and its governing equation of motion is derived. A neural control scheme for position control of the cylinder is formulated by incorporating proportional-plus-derivative(PD) controller and implemented. Experimental results of both regulating and tracking control responses are presented in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ER valve-cylinder control system.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.565-568
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• 1995

This paper presents the position control of a closed-loop cylinder system using ER(electro-rheological)valve actuators. Following the field-dependent pressure analysis of the ER valve actuators on the basis of Bingham model of ER fluids, a 3 d.o.f. close-loop sylinder system having the heave, roll and pitch motions is proposed. The governing equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equation, and a control model is established by considering system uncertain parameters such as load conditions. A sliding mode controller which has inherent robustness to system uncertainties is adopted to achieve robust tracking control performance. Tracking control results for sinusoidal trajectory were presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to visualize the characteristics of ER fluids as preceding step of developing 3 port ER valves. As the strength of the electric field increases, more clusters in flow are made and these clusters are thought to be the reasons of the load flow rate being increased and the outlet flow rate being decreased. The ER Valves and load and outlet flow rate check method are considered to be applied to the fluid power control system. Using the manufactured pressure control valve, a one-link manipulator with FHA in robot system is driven. As a result, it is experimentally confirmed that the pressure control valve using ER fluids is applicable to use in driving actuator. If it applies characteristics of the ER fluids, it will be able to apply in the control system for the ER Valve which occurs from industrial controller(PLC).

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2000

This Paper presents the position tracking control of a closed-loop cylinder system using electro-rheological(ER) valve actuators. After manufacturing three sets of cylindrical ER valves on the basis of Bingham model of ER fluid, a 3 dof(degree-of-freedom) closed-loop cylinder system having the heave, roll and pitch motions is constructed. The governing equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equation and a control model is formulated by considering nonlinear characteristics of the system. Sliding mode controllers are then designed fer these ER valve actuators in order to achieve position tracking control. The effectiveness of trajectory tracking control performance of the proposed cylinder system is demonstrated through computer simulation and experimental implementation of the sliding mode controller.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2001

기존의 솔레노이드 밸브는 전자부품에 기계적 운동요소를 포함하여 비선형성을 내포하고 있으나, MC 성분의 ER유체를 이용하면, 유동체의 통과부분을 전기장 제어를 통하여 솔레노이드 밸브 기능을 대신할 수 있는 메카니즘을 구현할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 유기성인 MC성분 ER유체를 유압시스템에 솔레노이드 밸브 역할에 적용하기 위해, 부과하는 직류 전기장의 사이클 수에 따른 기계적특성에 대한 평가는 다음과 같다. MC성분 ER유체의 전단속도비에 대한 전단응력 분포변화는 2.0kV/mm까지 전기장을 인가했을 경우, 횡축의 전단속도가 증가하여도 종축의 전단응력은 거의 변하지 않았다. 60만 사이클을 반복한 후 ITMC25의 전단응력 실험결과, 2.0kV/mm 이상 전기량을 인가하면 2차원적인 곡선의 형태를 형성하지만 표준편차의 평가치가 오차한계 이내이므로 직선으로 판단하여도 무리가 없을 것으로 사료되었다. 구리 전극으로 전기장을 부과한 경우 MC 성분의 ER유체는 0.1~$0.3{\mu}m$까지의 표면거칠기를 나타냈고, 알루미늄 전극을 사용한 경우는 전기장 부과 초기에 $0.3{\mu}m$의 표면거칠기가 $0.2{\mu}m$로 감소하였으나 40만 사이클의 전기장 부과 이후는 약간의 요철변화가 있었다.(이 논문의 결론 부분임)