• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-5
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• 2005

On July 5,2002 the Law Concerning Recycling of End-of Life Vehicles popularly known as the "Automobile Recycling Law" was enacted in Japan. This paper examines the features of this Law, reasons why the Law was brought into existence, and its predicted impacts on the automobile industry. Pursuant to the Law, the current automobile recycling system was replaced by a new one in January 1, 2005.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-36
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• 2015

As an effort of mitigating hazards, pro-environmental programs have been vigorously activated with regard to solid waste recycling. It is beneficial for both the environment and resource saving, but implementation and enforcement are hard to achieve voluntarily. The South Korean Government first implemented the Deposit Refund System (DRS) and later the Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPR) to reduce waste and encourage recycling in South Korea. Un-der the DRS, producers would pay for recycling the wastes of the products. The government then repealed the DRS and implemented the EPR program. Under this program, the producers recycle as much as the Ministry of Environment determines or pay a penalty for an excessive amount of the waste. In the broader perspective of disaster management, such policy programs can mitigate environmental hazards. This paper compares those two programs that facilitated the level of recycling, focusing on how such programs regulate producers and how they were operated from the perspective of implementation and enforcement.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• no.47 s.10
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• pp.53-56
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• 2003

자원의절약과재활용촉진에관한법률이 2002년 2월 4일부로 전면 개정됨에 따라 동 법률과 관련하여 지난 2002년 12월 10일 시행령이 국무회의를 통과, 1월1일부터 시행될 예정인 생산자책임재활용제도(EPR, Extended Producer Responsibility)가 시행될 예정입니다. 동 EPR제도의 시행과 함께, 2003년 1월 1일부터는 재활용가능자원 $\ulcorner$분리배출표시제도$\lrcorner$가 시행되며, 7월 1일부터는 $\ulcorner$1회용합성수지 용기 규제확대$\lrcorner$가 시행되는 등 재활용 의무대상 포장재(골판지포장재는 대상이 아님)에 대한 다각적인 규제조치가 예상되는바, 생산자가 재활용의무를 직접 수행해야 하는 사회적 제도가 강화되어 포장재에 대한 재활용율을 높이는 한편 궁극적으로 분리배출표시제의 의무적용대상이 아닌 골판지 및 지류 포장재에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가될 전망입니다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2011

In the past annual recycling obligation rate calculation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system, it was difficult to operate the system efficiently, because responsible producers passively participated in the scheme only bent on achieving annual obligation without long-term plan. Thus, a new scheme of long-term recycling obligation rate began to be established every five year from 2008 in order to give the basis for the notice of annual specific operation standard and recycling obligation, thereby helping responsible producers to make a preparation with a plan and giving expectation of active operation of the scheme. However, in the operation of long-term recycling target program, while the development of prediction models and the evaluation for existing items has been conducted in various ways, applications for a new target items and the evaluation are quite insufficient. Therefore, in this study, problems in implementing long-term recycling goal of new target items will be examined, and more objective and rational long-term recycling rate calculation and the operation standard will be proposed. Thus, the long-term recycling target will play a role as a pacemaker to steadily improve the recycling performance of target items, and responsible producers will be expected to increase the achievement with the realistic capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

The provisions regarding the standard cost for recycling stated under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) since 2002, include different and complicated obligatory steps to be taken on a variety of subject items regarding the collection, the transportation and the treatment, making the corporations face in their calculating and executing the standard cost. This study presents more objective calculation scope and standard for the purpose of efficient operation of the standard cost for recycling, in consideration of the general industry perception toward cost issue as well as domestic/overseas case studies regarding the standard cost for recycling. Besides, the study presents the checking items and the calculation contents per step to calculate the standard cost for recycling. Therefore, it is expected not only to be used as the objective standard to calculate the standard cost for recycling, but also to contribute to increasing the work efficiency in the following ongoing re-calculation process and to maintaining the consistent operation of the institution.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

Judgement post-stratification is a new sampling method developed by MacEachern et al. (2004). This article suggests that the judgement post-stratification method can be a good alternative for the simple random sampling when analyzing real-world environmental data. It becomes an important task to accurately measure the output of a recycling facility since the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) system takes effect on 2003. However, the total weight of materials processed in the recycling facility may not be a proper measure because the materials are frequently mingled with other non-recycling materials. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the mixture ratio of non-recycling materials among the total materials admitted in the facility. Unfortunately, the size of sample in a recycling facility is restricted due to the inconvenience of sampling procedure such as safety, odor, time and classification of non-recycling materials. In this article, we showed the relative efficiency of the judgement post-stratification method over the simple random sampling method for equal sample sizes using Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, we applied the judgement post-stratification method on the 2004 recycling data and showed that it can replace the simple random sampling even with smaller observations.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2020

Plastics that we use and simply throw away have a life span of about 500 years and barely decompose. The practice of producing and using common plastics needs to be challenged. Until now, they have been useful in the industrial structure of mass production, but it can be said that there is a lack of research into new materials to introduce and apply in terms of material recycling. As a result of this, we have come to the uncomfortable realization of the fact that we cannot incinerate or reuse these precious resources indiscriminately. No matter how well-designed a product is, it has a competitive advantage if production and consumption activities, waste, collection, sorting and treatment are considered in terms of a continuous cycle, and in this respect, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) can help. We are implementing the EPR system, and active industrialization in the field of recycling is required, which is also a challenge for producers to participate actively in recycling and seek to save and recycle resources in design and manufacturing. Against this backdrop, We would like to examine the possibilities, through various studies and developments on product design of recyclable materials, which is being conducted mainly in Europe. In particular, we would like to examine the methods, and value of solving environmental problems and the active efforts to achieve this in the design world, and in particular the case of product design using recycled plastics.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.189-193
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• 2011

The current standard cost for recycling applied under the Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) institution, is not coping with continuously increased number of obligatory subject items as well as a variety of variable cost changing factors regarding the recycling treatment cost caused by price fluctuation such as increased material and labor cost entirely across the society; changes in recycling treatment process following the developing technologies; and changes in the required work forces and equipments followed by the trends of automated facilities. Despite such various cost fluctuation factors, the current EPR is not coping with the trends, making the re-calculation process difficult, which causes differences between the real treatment cost for recycling. In this study, the analysis was made on main factors affecting on the related cost and the related price changing index was calculated, by conducting the influence evaluation on the standard cost factors of the current standard cost for recycling. Through theses results, more objective standard will be set for the re-calculation of standard cost for recycling to greatly contribute to setting up the midterm and long-term strategies in the future towards efficient institution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.505-509
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• 2020

The development of diesel power generation is predominantly geared toward island areas or ships because diesel exhibits weak scale-merit characteristics and power quality problems, which are associated with environmental pollution. However, a new energy paradigm, distribution energy resource (DER), has been emerging as a renewable energy source due to the existing structural problems in waste disposal and complex factors such as the conversion technology of waste emulsified oil (WDF). By combining extended producer responsibility (EPR) support and renewable energy certificates (REC), including waste energy REC 0.25 for other bioenergy and REC 1.0 for power transactions, an adequate profit model can be built through self-energetic power generation, thereby drawing keen attention from related industries. Therefore, if WDF is used appropriately as a high-quality engine fuel, it can lead to the development of various fields such as novel renewable energy sectors, waste management, and EPR-related industries. This study is intended to produce WDF using plastic waste by using it as engine-generator fuel. Moreover, we investigate ways to improve the quality and suitability of WDF as an engine fuel.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

Recently efficient recycling of natural resource has been raised many people's interest with global warming issue. This study is focused mainly on main content of automobile recycling regulation and current situation of each nations including EU which is firstly acted. Also we were considering for adequate way to make better resource recycling condition and reduce Environment burden.