• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is likely to metastasize to other organs, and is often resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Thymoquinone (TQ), a phytochemical derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa, has been shown to inhibit migration and metastasis in various cancers. In this study, we assessed the effect of TQ on the migratory activity of human RCC Caki-1 cells. We found that treatment with TQ reduced the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Caki-1 cells. TQ significantly repressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, its EP2 receptor expression as well as the activation of Akt and p38, the wellknown upstream signal proteins of MMP-9. In addition, treatment with butaprost, a PGE2 agonist, also induced MMP-9 activity and migration/invasion in Caki-1 cells. Moreover, pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and p38 remarkably attenuated butaprost-induced Caki-1 cell migration and invasion, implying that activation of PI3K/Akt and p38 is a bridge between the PGE2-EP2 axis and MMP-9-dependent migration and invasion. Taken together, these data suggest that TQ is a promising anti-metastatic drug to treat advanced and metastatic RCC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.126.1-126
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• 2003

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.197-207
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between film and processing solution at different processing temperatures. Three kinds of periapical film were used for this study. They included EP-2l film, DF-58, and A film Each film was processed by automatic film processor with RD-Ⅲ X-dol 90, and A processing solutions at 68° 74° 80° 86° and 92°F. Film density was measured with the densitometer, and base plus fog density, film relative speed, film contrast, and subject contrast were evaluated. The following results were obtained; 1. As the processing temperature was increased, base plus density was increased. Inadequate base plus fog densities were obtained with three films in combination with three processing solutions at 92°F. 2. Lowest base plus fog densities were obtained with A film, followed in ascending order by EP-21, and DF-58 film in combination with A or RD-Ⅲ processing solutions. The sequence of base plus fog densities was in ascending order by EP-21, A, and DF-58 film in combination with X-dol 90 processing solution. 3. The sequence of film relative speed values was in ascending order of EP-21, A, and DF-58 film in combination with A and RD-Ⅲ processing solutions, respectively. 4. As the processing temperature was increased, film contrast values was increased. The sequence of film contrast values was in descending order solution. The sequence of film contrast values was in descending order of EP-2l, DF-58, and A film in combination with RD-Ⅲ, X-dol 90 processing solution at 80°F. 5. As the processing temperature was increased, subject contrast was increased. The sequence of subject contrast was in descending order of A, X-dol 90, and RD-Ⅲ processing solution in combination with three films at 80°F. The sequence of subject contrast was in descending order of EP-21, A, and DF-58 film in combination with A processing solution at different processing temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

One of the cardinal findings of the renal diseases is proteinuria, which appears in the early phase of kidney diseases and is very important in diagnosis, prognosis and decision making in the treatment process and results of the treatment. The study subjects were 126 patients who visited the nephrology department of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. Serum was requested for urine protein electrophoresis. Total protein was measured with Bayer Advia 1650 (Biuret). Quantitation of each fraction was done by multiplying the percentage of each fraction by the total protein. Serum creatinine and BUN were also measured with Bayer Advia 1650 (Jaffe and Urease). Serum protein EP was done with REP(rapid electrophoresis) using Helena Kit reagents (REP Ultra SPE Kit, Ponceau S stain, Acetic acid, Methanol, EP Control). Concentrated urine was used for urine protein EP. The SPSS package was used for statistics analysis. Percentage and quantitation of the level of albumin in renal diseases were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Total protein was correlated with albumin. In terms of proportion, ${\alpha}1$-globulin, ${\alpha}2$-globulin, ${\beta}$-globulin, and ${\gamma}$-globulin fractions were increased in the disease group. But, in the quantified level, ${\alpha}2$-globulin was increased and ${\beta}$-globulin and ${\gamma}$-globulin were decreased. ESRD patients showed an increased secretion of high molecular proteins in urine protein EP. A decreased level in serum total protein correlated with the decreased level of serum albumin and the total amount of urine total protein. This study revealed the variety in the level of serum and urine proteins and their subgroups by EP.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1349-1367
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• 2013

The weighted Moore-Penrose inverse will be introduced and studied in the context of Banach algebras. In addition, weighted EP Banach algebra elements will be characterized. The Banach space operator case will be also considered.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2018

Manganese (Mn) is used as main materials in various chemical processes of industry, but it suggested that Mn brings about its toxicant by fume or dust through respiratory system and skin barrier. Mn toxicant induces the loss of mental health and life quality by cerebrovascular and skin diseases. Nevertheless, it lefts much unknown on the mechanism and the effectively therapeutic methods about Mn toxicant. Therefore, this study was evaluated the cytotoxicity induced by manganese dioxide ($MnO_2$) in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and also, the correlation between $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress was examined. While, the effect of Eclipta prostrata L. (EP) extract belong to Compositae was assessed against $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity in the view of antioxidative effect for searching the natural resources mitigating or preventing the $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity was revealed as mid-toxic by Borenfreud and Puerner's toxic criteria, and catalase (CAT), an antioxidant prevented $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity by the remarkable increase of cell viability in these cultures. While, in the protective effect of EP extract on $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity, EP extract effectively prevented the cytotoxicity induced by $MnO_2$ via antioxidative effects such as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory ability and DPPH-radical scavenging ability. From the above results, EP extract showed the effective prevention against $MnO_2$-induced cytotoxicity correlated with oxidative stress by antioxidative effects. Conclusively, this study may be useful to research or development the alternatively therapeutic agent from natural resources like EP extract for the treatment of diseases resulted in oxidative stress.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.532-537
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• 2018

Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), a major product of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. Because $PGE_2$ functions by signaling through $PGE_2$ receptors (EPs), which regulate tumor cell growth, invasion, and migration, there has been a growing amount of interest in the therapeutic potential of targeting EPs. In the present study, we investigated the role of EP4 on the effectiveness of cordycepin in inhibiting the migration and invasion of HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Our data indicate that cordycepin suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-enhanced cell migration and invasion through the inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as well as the down-regulation of COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production. These events were shown to be associated with the inactivation of EP4 and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, the EP4 antagonist AH23848 prevented LPS-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion in HCT116 cells. However, the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, as well as AMPK knockdown via siRNA, attenuated the cordycepin-induced inhibition of EP4 expression. Cordycepin treatment also reduced the activation of CREB. These findings indicate that cordycepin suppresses the migration and invasion of HCT116 cells through modulating EP4 expression and the AMPK-CREB signaling pathway. Therefore, cordycepin has the potential to serve as a potent anti-cancer agent in therapeutic strategies against colorectal cancer metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

We investigated the optimal concentration and exposure time of cycloheximide(CHX) on development of activated porcine oocytes following electrical pulse(EP). After 42~44 h maturation, oocytes were treated with 0.1% hyaluronidase, and denuded cumulus cells by pipetting. Oocytes were stimulated by electric pulse (1.2 kV/cm, 30 $\mu$sec, 1 pulse) or incubated for 3, 5 and 7 h in cycloheximide (1, 5 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, respectively) following electric pulse, and cultured for 8 days. Cleavage rate of oocytes activated with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX following EP was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (86.8% vs. 74.4%). The developmental competence of oocytes incubated to 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of CHX was significantly (P＜0.05) higher development to blastocysts (13.3%), compared with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of CHX (5.6%). When the oocytes were activated with 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX for 3, 5, and 7 h following EP, the cleavage rate of oocytes in 5 h group(86.6%) was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that in 3 h group(73.2%). The developmental rate of oocytes to morula in 5 and 7 h groups(26.7% and 16.4%) were significantly (P＜0.05) high than that in 3 h group(14.5%). Matured oocytes were activated with electric pulse (EP) or electric pulse combined with cycloheximide (EP + CHX) and cultured for 8 days. The rate of cleavage and development to blastocyst (80.1% and 11.6%) of activated with EP group were similar to EP combined with CHX group. When activated with EP or EP combined with CHX, the mean cell number of blastocysts were less in the activated with EP (18.67$\pm$5.53) than in the activated EP combined CHX (20.71$\pm$6.16), but not significantly different. This results suggest that, when the porcine oocytes were activated with CHX following EP, the developmental rate of activated oocytes can be improved by treated with a concentration of 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ CHX for 5 h exposure time.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

As a means for year-round rearing of bumblebee, CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time favorable for colony development was identified in Bombus terrestris. CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time divided into five classes: 11 days of adult emergence (A-11), the day of adult emergence (A-0), late pupal stage (LP), middle pupal sta ge (MP), and early pupal stage (EP). In egg-laying characteristics, the oviposition rate of LP, A-11 and A-0 was over 76.0$\%$, but that of MP and EP was less than 61.1 $\%$. At the same time, the days needed to first oviposition shortened to 9.8 ­10.5 days in A-11, A-O and LP, comparing to 13.7 -16.1 days in MP and EP. The rate of colony foundation, progeny-queen produced and period of colony foundation of A-11 were the best results in among those at different CO$_{2}$-treatment time. The number of worker produced was 109.2 -110.5 in A-H, LP and A-H, comparing to 82.0 - 86.8 in MP and EP. Also, the number of progeny-queen produced of A-H, A-O and LP was 36.1, 41.0 and 71.3, respectively, which corresponded to 1.5 - 3.1 fold higher than MP and EP. Taken these together, CO$_{2}$-narcosis time favorable for colony development was determined to be 11 days of adult emergence. Also, the day of adult emergence and late pupal stage showed a positive effect on the oviposition and colony development in CO$_{2}$-narcosis time.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Yuza seed by-product has been produced in a large amount from the agricultural farms in the southern area of Korea. It has been mostly abandoned after commercial process for the production of juice, jam and tea. The study on the reuse of the yuza seed by-product has received much attention as a bio-resource material for the production of active compound in agriculture. METHODS AND RESULTS: Insecticidal rhamnolipid-producing Pseudomonas sp. EP-3 was grown in mineral salt media with the yuza seed by-product at 2, 20, 50 and 100 g/L. The growth of EP-3 was accompanied by a increase in insecticidal activity against green peach aphid. The highest insecticidal activity was observed when EP-3 was grown in the medium containing 50 g/L of the seed sample, producing approximately 996 mg/L of rhamnolipid at 96 h. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were determined as the major fatty acids of the seed sample. The EP-3 cultures grown on the fatty acid mixture extracted from the seed sample showed a aphid mortality similar to that of cultures grown on the seed sample. The EP-3 cultures grown on 50 g/L of the seed sample showed aphid mortality more than 90% under greenhouse conditions. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the yuza seed by-product may be used as a renewable material for microbial production of rhamnolipid against green peach aphid.