• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.502-510
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe implementation of a computer access device for the severly motor-disability. Many people with severe motor disabilities need an augmentative communication technology. Those who are totally paralyzed, or 'locked-in' cannot use conventional augmentative technologies, all of which require some measure of muscle control. The forehead is often the last site to suffer degradation in cases of severe disability and degenerative disease. For example, In ALS(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and MD(Muscular dystrophy) the ocular motorneurons and ocular muscles are usually spared permitting at least gross eye movements, but not precise eye pointing. We use brain and body forehead bio-potentials in a novel way to generate multiple signals for computer control inputs. A bio-amplifier within this device separates the forehead signal into three frequency channels. The lowest channel is responsive to bio-potentials resulting from an eye motion, and second channel is the band pass derived between 0.5 and 45Hz, falling within the accepted Electroencephalographic(EEG) range. A digital processing station subdivides this region into eleven components frequency bands using FFT algorithm. The third channel is defined as an Electromyographic(EMG) signal. It responds to contractions of facial muscles and is well suited to discrete on/off switch closures, keyboard commands. These signals are transmitted to a PC that analyzes in a time series and a frequency region and discriminates user's intentions. That software graphically displays user's bio-potential signals in the real time, therefore user can see their own bio-potentials and control their physiological signals little by little after some training sessions. As a result, we confirmed the performance and availability of the developed system with experimental user's bio-potentials.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2010

Lab scale experiment study was carried out for biological process development on cruise. SBR(Sequence Batch Reactor), MBR(Membrane Bioreactor), and MSBR(Membrane Sequence Batch Reactor) system were investigated for practical application on shipboard sewage treatment. From the results it was suggested that MSBR system might be suitable process for cruise in terms of pollutant removal efficiency, maintenance and special environmental conditions of cruise. About 99% of BOD, 98% of COD and 99% of SS were removed in MSBR system. In addition, about 76% of total nitrogen was reduced and the total phosphorus reduction averaged 59%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.38-42
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• 1999

문명의 발달과 함께 인간은 사회생활의 증가와 부족한 수면으로 인한 스트레스와 병이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 수면에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 편안하고 쾌적한 수면을 위한 수면환경에 대한 연구가 진행되어지고 있다. 본 연구는 쾌적한 온열환경 제시를 위한 방법으로서 여름철 실내환경이 수면에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 22$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$의 3가지 온도조건을 제시하고 5명의 피험자를 대상으로 수면다원검사를 실시하여 EEG, EOG, ECG, EMG 등의 생리신호를 측정하였다. 측정된 생리신호를 통해 수면단계분석과 수면효율을 분석한 결과 총 수면시간, SWS latency, 총 수면시간에 대한 SWS 시간의 비율이 26$^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었으며, 22$^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$의 순서로 나타났다. 이러한 분석을 통해 온도차에 따라 수면상태가 달라짐을 관찰할 수 있었고, 여름철에 26$^{\circ}C$ 정도의 실내온도가 편안하고 쾌적한 수면을 위한 실내온열환경임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1714-1723
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucosidase is necessary for the bioconversion of glycosidic phytochemicals in food. Two Bifidobacterium strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SH5 and B. animalis subsp. lactis RD68) with relatively high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were selected among 46 lactic acid bacteria. A ${\beta}$-glucosidase gene (bbg572) from B. lactis was shotgun cloned, fully sequenced, and analyzed for its transcription start site, structural gene, and deduced transcriptional terminator. The structural gene of bbg572 was 1,383 bp. Based on amino sequence similarities, bbg572 was assigned to family 1 of the glycosyl hydrolases. To overexpress bbg572 in Bifidobacterium, several bifidobacteria expression vectors were constructed by combining several promoters and a terminator sequence from different bifidobacteria. The maximum activity of recombinant Bbg572 was achieved when it was expressed under its own promoter and terminator. Its enzyme activity increased 31-fold compared with those of its parental strains. The optimal pH for Bbg572 was pH 6.0. Bbg572 was stable at $37-40^{\circ}C$. It hydrolyzed isoflavones, quercetins, and disaccharides with various ${\beta}$-glucoside linkages. Bbg572 also converted the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2. These results suggest that this new ${\beta}$-glucosidase-positive Bifidobacterium transformant can be utilized for the production of specific aglycone products.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.448-456
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a LED driver that allows to use a long lifetime MLCC with small voltage capacity to replace the electrolytic condenser that has been used at the output part by storing only the voltage fluctuation due to temperature variation in the output condenser. The proposed LED driver can allow to use a long lifetime MLCC with small power loss as the output condenser instead of the conventional electrolytic condenser with short lifetime because it stores only the voltage fluctuation due to the temperature variation of the LED light source in the output condenser by connecting the output condenser with the input power supply in series in the basic topology of the conventional boost DC/DC converter. In this study, we performed a simulation to verify the conventional DC/DC converter and the proposed DC/DC converter. It was shown that the DC/DC converter proposed through the experiment allows to use MLCC as the output condenser and the efficiency can be improved.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.518-529
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• 1997

1,281 male subjects who had been examined more than 3 times for regular check-up in one human dock center of the university hospital were studied between 1990-1995, to evaluate the effect of health counselling with life style and $\gamma-GTP$ value between 1054 normal group without intervention and 227 abnormal group with intervention, ages from 30 to 69 years old. Total mean value of $\gamma-GTP$ was $45.7{\pm}40.7$ unit with highest $\gamma-GTP$ value in age group 50-59 on initial examination. Total abnormal rate was 17.7% with the highest abnormal rate of 18.6% in age group 50-59. Initially, the value of $\gamma-GTP$ was significantly different according to the degree of alcohol intake, relative weight and smoking in normal group(p<0.01) not in abnormal group. In conclusion, the value of $\gamma-GTP$ were significantly increasing in normal group without intervention and significantly decreasing in abnormal group with intervention(p<0.05), which suggests the effect of health counselling, such as the recommendation to change the health behaviour.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1996

As the production of chonma became increased by the farmer's cultivation, developments of the processed food such as tea using chonma have been actively pursued. In the present study, the components of chonma and its beneficial effects on health using SD (Sprague-Dawley) rat model were analyzed. The contents of moisture, protein, ash, fat and fiber in dried-chonma were 11.8, 7.6, 3.2, 0.5, and 3.9%(w/w), respectively. The contents of calcium, sodium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium were 121, 83, 6.2, 170, 69 and 1,278 mg%. When chow diets containing 0, 0.15, 1.5 or 5.0% chonma powder were fed to SD rats for 4 weeks, no significant differences were observed in the composition of the large-intestinal flora, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ level of the large-intestinal contents and the weight gains of rats. The level of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was higher and the serum cholesterol level was lower in 5.0% chonma group compared with control group. The highest sedative effect was shown in 0.15% chonma group.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.250-259
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• 2006

The information of eye movement is used in various fields such as psychology, ophthalmology, physiology, rehabilitation medicine, web design, HMI(human-machine interface), and so on. Various devices to detect the eye movement have been developed but they are too expensive. The general methods of eye movement tracking are EOG(electro-oculograph), Purkinje image tracker, scleral search coil technique, and video-oculograph(VOG). The purpose of this study is to embody the algorithm which tracks the location of the gazing point at a pupil. Two kinds of location data were compared to track the gazing point. One is the reference points(infrared LEDs) which is effected from the globe. Another is the center point of the pupil which is gained with a CCD camera. The reference point was captured with the CCD camera and infrared lights which were not recognized by human eyes. Both of images which were thrown and were not thrown an infrared light on the globe were captured and saved. The reflected reference points were detected with the brightness difference between the two saved images. In conclusion, the circumcenter theory of a triangle was used to look for the center of the pupil. The location of the gazing point was relatively indicated with the each center of the pupil and the reference point.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis and inflammatory tissue destruction. Increased expression of MMP was observed in benign tissue hyperplasia and in atherosclerotic lesions. Invasive cancer cells utilize MMP to degrade the extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane during metastasis, where MMP-2 has been implicated in the development and dissemination of malignancies. The present study attempted to examine the antiangiogenic activity of the medicinal herbs of Aspergillus usamii var. shirousamii-transformed Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Zizyphus jujube (tAgR and tZj) with respect to MMP-2 production and endothelial motility in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or VEGF-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nontoxic tAgR and tZj substantially suppressed PMA-induced MMP-2 secretion. In addition, $25{\mu}g/mL$ tAgR and tZj prevented vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated endothelial cell transmigration and tube formation. The results reveal that tAgR and tZj dampened endothelial MMP-2 production leading to endothelial transmigration and tube formation. tAgR and tZj-mediated inhibition of endothelial MMP may boost a therapeutic efficacy during vascular angiogenesis.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

This study developed a comprehensive and easily applicable nuclear reactor control system evaluation method using reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database. A proposed control panel design cycle consists of the 5 steps: (1) finding out inconvenient, erroneous, and mentally stressful factors for the proposed design through evaluative experiments, (2) drafting improved design alternatives considering detective factors found out in the step (1), (3) comparative experiements for the design alternatives, (4) selecting a best design alternative, (5) returning to the step (1) and repeating the design cycle. Reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database collected from evaluative experiments in the step (1) and comparative experiments in the step (3) of the design cycle have a key roll in finding out defective factors and yielding the criteria for selection of the proposed reactor control systems. The behavioral database was designed to include the major informations about reactor operators' control behaviors: beginning time of operations, involved displays, classification of observational behaviors, dehaviors, decisions, involved control devices, classification of control behaviors, communications, emotional status, opinions for man-machine interface, and system event log. The database for mental workload scored from various physiological variables-EEG, EOG, ECG, and respir- ation pattern-was developed to indicate the most stressful situation during reactor control operations and to give hints for defective design factors. An experimental test for the evaluation method applied to the Compact Nuclear Simulator (CNS) installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) suggested that some defective design factors of analog indicators should be improved and that automatization of power control to a target level would give relaxation to the subject operators in stressful situation.