• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between injury and injury severity score (ISS) in geriatric traffic accident patients transported by 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The subjects were 240 traffic accident patients over 65 years old transported by 119 rescue services emergency departments in Busan from January 1, 2014 to August 31, 2015. Results: ISS increased in motorcycle traffic accidents (p=.026), truck injuries (p=.005), and head and neck injury (p<.001). Vital signs were evaluated by 119 rescue EMT. ISS increased in cases of unresponsive unconsciousness (p<.001), hypotension (p=.001), and bradycardia (p<.001). The need for bleeding control and dressing by the EMTs increased ISS significantly (p=.022). Conclusion: In the initial evaluation of geriatric traffic patients, ISS can increase in motor cycle accidents and truck injuries. Due to high ISS, patients with head and neck injury, chest injury, hypotension, or tachycardia should be transferred to advanced level hospitals.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the relationship between death awareness and life ethics awareness, according to life stress, among students in the department of paramedics. Methods: General characteristics were identified using means and frequency, and the differences between the two military models were analyzed using the χ²-test and t-test by dividing them into lower and higher groups based on the mean life stress score (99.76 points). Results: Those with high life stress had higher death awareness than those with low life stress at 114.11 points. In contrast, those with low life ethics experienced more severe life stress with a score of 145.61 points (t=-2.609, p=.010)(t=-2.953, p=.003). The death recognition attitude and bioethics according to the degree of living stress-showed a significant correlation between the low and high groups (r=.188, p=.043) (r=.201, p=.042). Conclusion: Paramedic students require education on how to cope with life stress. However, access to education is limited to people living in modern times. As a potential solution to this problem, observing videos on the Internet is recommended. Moreover, we suggest accessing Internet and smart phone applications for advertising/educational purposes.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-30
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• 2007

Accidents occur frequently and that the date of the emergency situation and the people a good quality of life to actively respond to the emergency scene in the line of business activities and given their lives silently. 1st EMT's is currently the most jobs in the ability to work within a hospital that can be verified by expanding employment opportunities than the rate of youth unemployment and a sharp alleviate part of the current emergency medical institution performing the duties within the contents of this communication in a Emergency patients reflected in the rates for schools that can be revitalized as part of the emergency medical system(part of the emergency medical workers) for the completion of the law concerning emergency care, if you want the current laws and enforcement rules are to be improving. Under the current provisions in law concerning emergency care, and enforceable rules on enforcement issues and identify practical issues for consideration and improvements to enumerate the reasons for the demotion, the following conclusions can be sure until they improve. In addition, the National Assembly recently passed a bill AED use, and enforceable rules to enforce party that can teach AED necessarily a grade, including 1st EMT's to protect people's lives and to actively deal with the emergency situation so that it can be. Resolving these issues in the country where the emergency medical system can create a foundation for the advancement of emergency patients can get a good length of life, opens.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-62
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was carried out from September 2011 to September 2012 to indicate improvement and performance schemes and planning strategies by way of scenario based practical examination to inspire adaptable capacity to EMS field for Emergency Medical Technician. Methods : In order to improve the examination, a survey was conducted to EMT-Paramedics (Level 1), EMT-Basics (Level 2), and other expert groups. The researchers visited the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technician (NREMT) headquarter and the psychomotor examination site in Ohio in April, 2011. The 21 EMT professors took part in a workshop experiencing the US psychomotor examinations provided by two NREMT examination experts in October, 2011. Results : The results showed that the general plan of new National Practical Examination for EMTs should consist of integrated emergency care examination based on clinical performance and simple skill examination based on objective structured skill protocol Conclusion : The National Practice Examination consists of two sessions and the examinees select the test number randomly in each session. The future examination should include the critical criteria and this criteria should be the decisive factor for the pass or fail.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.145-162
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• 2021

Purpose: The 2018 General survey of emergency assistance was conducted to examine the working conditions and welfare, including educational direction, interests, and awareness of work, of the fire department emergency medical technicians (EMT). This would be used as basic data for future policy directions. Methods: Among the fire-fighting officers in 16 cities nationwide, emergency rescue workers engaged in first-aid activities were targeted. With prior consent, a survey was conducted through electronic documents. Of the total 1,227 people, responses from 1,151 were finally analyzed, excluding 76 who did not respond appropriately. Results: The working conditions and welfare of 119 firefighters were moderate, but in the fields of education and interest, the learning according to the regulations was high. In particular, satisfaction with the scope of work was found to be below average. However, it was positive that it will play a role as a social safety net in the future and will converge with cutting-edge science. Conclusion: Although this study was a total investigation of the EMT survey, conducting an EMT survey on all fire fighters in Korea is difficult. Further research is needed, particularly on first-class emergency medical personnel who play a major role in 119 paramedics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the EMT student's attitude to the disabled and provide the basic materials of educational program to make them have right awareness and attitude of the disabled. Methods: The subjects of this study were 348 of 339 emergency medical students at three departments of emergency medical in G metropolitan city who gave consent to take part in the research and the data were collected for 10 days from Mar. 2 to 11, 2011. It used DFS (Disability Factor Scale) developed by Siller (1967) and revised and complemented by Lee Jong Nam (1997) after validity and reliability test. Data collected were analyzed with technical statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/ PC 12.0 Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. On the question that there are the disabled around the subjects, 74.7% of the respondents answered 'none', and on the question of having concerns on the disabled problems, 61.5% of the respondents answered 'they have no concerns on them'. In addition, on the question of effective methods for improving a negative awareness of the disabled, many of subjects responded the governmental support must be a priority. 2. The subjects' attitude to the disabled scored average 3.13 and they have positive attitude to the disabled. In six sub-areas of attitude to the disabled, tension in contact with the disabled scored 2.90, inferred emotional disorder 2.79, unconditional repulsion 2.78, refusal to friendly relation 2.74, limitation of other functions undamaged 2.66 and distorted identification 2.65. 3. Variable showing a significant difference in the results of analysis according to general characteristics of subjects was age and those who are over '21' showed more positive attitude to the disabled than those who are below '20'. 4. In the results of analysis according to the subjects' disability related characteristics, those who have the disabled in their friends or family and have concerns on the disabled problems have a positive attitude to the disabled. Promotion and education through mass communication for changing the awareness of the disabled into a positive attitude will be most effective. Conclusion: Consequently, positive attitude of EMT student's to the disabled can be fostered by continuous contact with the disabled and their participation in voluntary services in the dimension of individual or school will be important and also the various practical methods such as enlightenment movement and supply of right information through mass communication should be sought.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.115-137
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extended job of paramedic after the 1st job description in 2000 by the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board. Methods: This study was carried out from May 2012 to July 2013 on the Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method to analysts 330 responses among 400 questionnaires (response rate 82.5%) after analysing 30 pilot questionnaires. In order to enhance validity and reliability of this job description, 2 job analysts in universities and 10 EMT-Paramedics in hospitals and fire stations were recruited. Results: There were differences between 166 (year 2000) and 240 (2012) in task element. There were higher answering at triaging patient(2.64 frequency, 4.15 importance), calling for help(2.68 frequency, 4.07 importance) in disaster emergency care. There were higher answering at measuring vital sign (3.95 frequency, 4.22 importance), measuring ECG(3.84 frequency, 4.14 importance), wound care(3.48 frequency, 3.86 importance), bleeding control & wound care(3.46 frequency, 3.86 importance), applying $O_2$(3.40 frequency, 3.94 importance) in physician assistant. Conclusion: Scope of extended practice as a physician assistant in hospital setting recommended us to replace the present curriculum and national exam with new curriculum and national written & skill test.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.341-347
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• 2013

There are insufficient cadaver-used practice programs for paramedic student education. To provide the basic data for the effective cadaver practice program, the study interviewed 255 students in department of EMT, who attended cadaver practicum. The results indicated that the average satisfaction level in education was 4.5 out of 5 and in relation to allotted time was 3.61 out of 5. The average understanding level of was 4.5 out of 5. In conclusion, senior students who have already taken clinical education & clinical procedure are recommended to focus on clinical anatomy practice and lower grade students are recommended to focus on understanding human body structure in cadaver-used practice program.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors of hospital arrival delays of acute ischemic stroke patients. The study subjects were 126 cerebral infarction patients G Metropolitan City university hospital emergency center. General characteristics, disease-related characteristics and stroke-related were collected by self-reported questionnaires. Hospital arrival times by subjects' characteristics were tested by $x^2$ test and logistic regression analysis. Of 126 cerebral infarction patients, Their average hours taken to move to a hospital was 12.7 hours with the fastest case being 0.5 hour and the most delayed case being 127.8 hours. 61.1%(77 persons) of the stroke patients under this experiment said to have taken 3 hours or less. In logistic regression analyses, Coming to the hospital directly without passing through other hospitals was found to have higher probability of arriving less than 3 hours(${\beta}$=2.960, p=.009), And if LAPSS was tested positive, such cases are more likely to arrive within 3 hours(${\beta}$=2.219, p=.049). For acute ischemic stroke and caregivers need training to be conducted promptly admitted to hospitals for education and treatment hospital stroke screening will help to improve the treatment of stroke patients

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2012

Purpose : This research was designed to provide basic data for advanced pre-hospital airway management by comparing the time to ventilation and success rate for tracheal intubation performed with Macintosh laryngoscope and intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway(ILMA) in a manikin. Methods : All participants were novice users among EMT-Paramedic students and were divided into two groups: (1) the group for Macintosh laryngoscope guided tracheal intubation(MLG-TI) (2) the group for ILMA guided tracheal intubation(ILMA-TI). After an introductory lecture and demonstration, each group made an attempt ten tracheal intubation to compare the ventilation time and success rate for tracheal intubation. Results : 1) There was significant difference in the time to ventilation through MLG-TI, the time to first and second ventilation through ILMA-TI of the 10 attempts. 2) The time to first ventilation through ILMA-TI was significantly shorter than that of ventilation through MLG-TI. 3) There was no significant difference between the time to ventilation through MLG-TI and the time to second ventilation through ILMA-TI. 4) The success rates of ILMA-TI were significantly higher than those of MLG-TI. Conclusion : ILMA-TI can be an alternative method for MLG-TI in advanced pre-hospital airway management.