• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.411-416
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• 2017

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex subunit 6 (EMC6) is a novel human autophagy-related molecule. Here, using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we report that EMC6 protein is lost or reduced in glandular cells of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, compared to normal stomach mucosa. Overexpression of EMC6 in gastric cancer cells inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S-phase. Further investigation suggested that EMC6 overexpression in BGC823 human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cells reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft model, demonstrating that EMC6 has the characteristics of a tumor suppressor. This is the first study to show that EMC6 induces cell death in gastric cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of how EMC6 functions as a tumor suppressor needs to be further explored.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

To estimate microbial contaminant loading discharged from diffuse sources, rainfall runoff of six rainfall events were monitored at three study watersheds of forestry and agricultural land use. Monitored indicator microorganism constituents were total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC), and fecal streptococcus (FS). Soil loss during elevated flow rate caused higher suspended solid concentrations. Indicator microorganism concentrations were closely related with flow rate. TC event mean concentration (EMC) from unpolluted forestry was $5.3{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$, FC EMC was $1.4{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$, EC EMC was $1.1{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$, and FS EMC was $2.9{\times}10^2CFU/100ml$. From a watershed with agricultural-forestry land use, TC EMC was $1.7{\times}10^5CFU/100ml$, FC EMC was $8.5{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, EC EMC was $8.9{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, and FS EMC was $3.4{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$. Mixed land use of agricultural-forestry with bigger area, TC EMC was $1.9{\times}10^5CFU/100ml$, FC EMC was $9.6{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, EC EMC was $7.0{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, and FS EMC was $5.1{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 2014

This research was carried out to investigate equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wood in outdoor locations in Korea. EMC was calculated using Hailwood-Horrobin equation for 73 different locations in Korea using the 1981 to 2010 climate normal data obtained from the Korea Meteorological Admnistration (KMA). Daegu showed the lowest values of EMC (11.5), and the highest EMC values (15.8) was found in Heuksando. Considering the season effect, summer (June, July, August) showed the highest values 15.3, followed by autumn (September, October, November) 13.7, winter (December, January, February) 12.2, and spring (February, March, April) 12.0. Monthly EMC showed the lowest values 11.6 in April and July showed the highest EMC values 16.1. The smallest changes in monthly EMC were found in Jeju island and Heuksando showed the largest values 8.7. A proper wood drying based on average EMC is more required in the regions with larger variation in EMC.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.878-883
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• 2014

This paper presents the test result of system level EMC of LEO satellite Deimos-2 FM that has been launched in June 20, 2014. The Deimos-2 satellite was designed considering the EMC of unit modules level in addition to the structure aspects. The Auto-Compatibility, Radiated Emission and Radiated Susceptibility test was conducted. The test result has meet the standard of system EMC of Deimos-2 program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.557-565
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• 2012

In this research, it was analyzed that the effect of the non-point source pollution that occurs in the lower reaches of the livestock area. The analysis on the hydro- and polluto-graphs showed that the concentration of pollution gradually increased as the flow rate increased and, after reaching the peak flow rate, the flow rate dropped drastically. For Event Mean Concentration (EMC), in the lower reaches of livestock area, TSS EMC was 146.80~424.95 mg/L, COD EMC 11.64~55.66 mg/L, BOD EMC 6.66~49.88 mg/L, T-N EMC 7.650~43.825 mg/L and T-P EMC 0.711~3.855 mg/L. According to the results of the analysis on the correlations between pollutants, TSS and BOD, COD, T-N and T-P had correlations at a 0.53~0.95 confidence level. In addition, according to the result of the analysis on the correlations between EMC (mg/L) and storm runoff ($m^3$), the correlation was well explained by a Cubic regression. In addition, among the determination coefficients, TSS and T-N were relatively high, at 0.767~0.835 and 0.773~0.901 respectively, which indicates that EMC goes up as the storm runoff increases. Therefore, it is expected that EMC can be forecasted according to the amount of runoff ($m^3$). The results of this research will be a practical information for the assessment of the non-point source pollution that occurs in the lower reaches of the livestock area.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.5
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• pp.559-569
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• 2020

In the present study, the fracture toughness of U-shaped notches made of aluminum alloy Al7075-T6 under combined tension/out-of-plane shear loading conditions (mixed mode I/III) is studied by theoretical and experimental methods. In the experimental part, U-notched test samples are loaded using a previously developed fixture under mixed mode I/III loading and their load-carrying capacity (LCC) is measured. Then, due to the presence of considerable plasticity in the notch vicinity at crack initiation instance, using the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC) and with the help of the point stress (PS) and mean stress (MS) brittle failure criteria, the LCC of the tested samples is predicted theoretically. The EMC equates a ductile material with a virtual brittle material in order to avoid performing elastic-plastic analysis. Because of the very good match between the EMC-PS and EMC-MS combined criteria with the experimental results, the use of the combination of the criteria with EMC is recommended for designing U-notched aluminum plates in engineering structures. Meanwhile, because of nearly the same accuracy of the two criteria and the simplicity of the PS criterion relations, the use of EMC-PS failure model in design of notched Al7075-T6 components is superior to the EMC-MS criterion.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.403-407
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine desorption equilibrium moisture contents(EMC) of rapeseed grown in Korea. EMC values were measured by static method using saturated salt solutions at three temperature levels of 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$, and eight relative humidity levels in the range from 11.0 to 83.6%. The measured EMC values were fitted to Chung-Pfost, Modified Halsey, Modified Henderson and Modified Oswin models by using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of root mean square errors for four models showed that Halsey and Modified Oswin Models could serve as good models, but the Chung-Pfost and Modified Henderson models could not show reasonably good fitting.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.647-657
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• 1999

Due to the inherently poor adhesion strength of Cu-based leadframe/EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound) interface, popcorn cracking of thin plastic packages frequently occurs during the solder reflow process. In the present work, in order to enhance the adhesion strength of Cu-based leadframe/EMC interface, black-oxide layer was formed on the leadframe surface by chemical oxidation of leadframe, and then oxidized leadframe sheets were molded with EMC and machined to form SDCB (Sandwiched Double-Cantilever Beam) and SBN (Sandwiched Brazil-Nut) specimens. SDCB and SBN specimens were designed to measure the adhesion strength between leadframe and EMC in terms of critical energy-release rate under quasi-Mode I ($G_{IC}$ ) and mixed Mode loading ($G_{C}$ /) conditions, respectively. Results showed that black-oxide treatment of Cu-based leadframe initially introduced pebble-like X$C_2$O crystals with smooth facets on its surface, and after the full growth of $Cu_2$O layer, acicular CuO crystals were formed atop of the $Cu_2$O layer. According to the result of SDCB test, $Cu_2$O crystals on the leadframe surface did not increase ($G_{IC}$), however, acicular CuO crystals on the $Cu_2$O layer enhanced $G_{IC}$ considerably. The main reason for the adhesion improvement seems to be associated with the adhesion of CuO to EMC by mechanical interlocking mechanism. On the other hand, as the Mode II component increased, $G_{C}$ was increased, and when the phase angle was -34$^{\circ}$, crack Kinking into EMC was occured.d.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

CEU(Camera Electronic Unit) loaded in optical satellite for a high resolution image acquisition is composited with CC(Camera Controlloer), FPA(Focal Plane Assembly) and CEUP(CEU Power supply). EMC test and analysis results are explained in this paper. CE, CS, RE and RS test is performed in the 1st EMC test, RE, RS test which is not complied and influence considerably after shielding structure is performed in the 2nd EMC test. An effect due to the noise of CEU in the GPS/S-band receiving band is analyzed based on 2nd EMC test results. Margin more than 6dB is guaranteed when CEU is shielded.