• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.3
• /
• pp.432-440
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate growth and fruiting characteristics (e.g., nut qualities) of chestnut (Castanea cerenata) after applying various fertilizer treatments at the cultivation site in Suncheon. Fertilizer treatments were designed as follow: liquid fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and control. Both liquid and chemical fertilizer treatments provided the best growth in height and basal diameter. In addition, these two treatments were very effective for crown width of the trees between both east-west and north-south orientation. The liquid fertilizer treatment was effective on total length of the fruiting branch and length of the bearing to terminate part. Both liquid and chemical fertilizer treatments produced the longest length of basal to bearing part compared to the other two treatments. The liquid fertilizer treatment showed the most thickened basal diameter of the fruiting branch and the greatest diameter of above and below the bearing burr part. Elongation Index of the fruiting branch (EI) was the highest with liquid fertilizer treatment and the remaining four indices (Production Index of fruiting branch, PI; Ratio of Diameter between below and above bearing burr part, RD; Growth Index of fruiting branch diameter, GI; Thickness Index of fruiting branch or dormant branch, TI) were the highest with the chemical fertilizer treatment. Total number of produced branch per fruiting mother branch and number of small and weak branches per fruiting mother branch were highest on the control and liquid fertilizer treatment; however, all treatments produced similar numbers. The chemical and organic fertilizer treatments produced a high number of fruiting branches per fruiting mother branch, while organic and liquid fertilizer treatments produced a high number of burr per fruiting branch. The rate of commercializing on the basis of nut weight and quantity was higher on control (87.5%) than chemical fertilizer treatment (84.6%); however, the rate was even lower on liquid fertilizer treatment (84.3%) and organic fertilizer treatment (82.7%). The liquid fertilizer treatment showed the highest average of nut weight, while chemical fertilizer treatment showed the highest average number of fruiting burr. There was no significant difference in average number of normal nuts per burr among treatments. The yield per tree was high on chemical (8.2 kg) and liquid (8.0 kg) fertilizer treatments, but there was no significant difference among treatments. In the rate of nut grade on the basis of nut weight and quantity, the liquid fertilizer treatment, 43.5% and 34.3% more than large nut respectively, produced higher value chestnuts compared to other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.682-693
• /
• 2012

This study was intented to understand the insects diversity and forest in DMZ, and provide data and information required to preserve living creatures and geological management, and basic information for the management and preservation policies. This study has surveyed insects diversity by habitat types in Middle Inland of DMZ, Korea from 15 to 19 September, 2009. Totally there were 128 species belonging to 53 families of 10 orders, among them, 7 endermic species, 3 management of exotic species and 25 designated species were showed. The highest was 26 species of Hemiptera(20.31%) and then next turn are 22 species of Coleoptera(17.19%) and 20 species of Hymenoptera(15.63%) respectively. Dominant species are Ceracris nigricornislaeta (Bolivar)(0.152) in S1, Menida violacea Motschulsky(0.218) in S2, Stomorhina obsoleta (Wiedemann)(0.171) in S3, Ducetia japonica (Thunberg)(0.212) in S4, Oedaleus infernalis Saussure(0.178) in S5, Sepedon aenescens Wiedemann(0.268) in S6, Adelphocoris triannulatus (Stal)(0.257) in S7 and Ricania taeniata Stal(0.150) in S8 site. The diversity(H') and richness(RI) of insects at survey area as S2(H'=3.461, RI=9.64), S3(H'=3.457, RI=9.18) and S1(H'=3.447, RI=8.88) were higher than in the others and the lowest in S8(H'=2.790, RI=5.341). But the highest species evenness index(EI) occurred in S8(0.985).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 2012

Recent studies have revealed that collagen peptide plays a protective role on skin by improving the activity of antioxidants and acts as an inducer of skin regeneration. To evaluate the efficacy of low molecular weight collagen peptide for skin recovery after non-ablative 1550 nm fractional photothermolysis laser. 10 volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. Both control and experimental groups received fractional photothermolysis treatment. In the experimental group, 5 subjects received oral collagen peptide 1,000 mg/day for 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, we measured elastic recovery of skin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema index (EI) for each patients. The evaluation of clinical results showed that elastic recovery of skin is higher in the experimental group than the control group (p < 0.05). TEWL have no significancy between two groups and erythema rapidly disappeared in the experimental group. On the quartile grading scale, the mean patient satisfaction 4 weeks after the fractional photothermolysis treatment was 2.0 in experimental group and 1.2 in control group. The low molecular weight collagen peptide appears to be an effective conservative therapy for skin recovery after non-ablative 1550 nm fractional photothermolysis treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of dose and image quality according to the material of the additional filter plate by selecting copper and nickel. First, the absorbed dose was measured using a Rando phantom setting the additional filter plates of copper and nickel None, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm under 120 kVp, and 6.3 mAs. Second, We acquired image according to filter thickness of copper and nickel. by changing the tube voltage of 90 kVp, 100 kVp, 110 kVp, 120 kVp and exposure indexes of 400, 800 and 1600. Third, we obtained the SNR and CNR values using the Image J program and evaluated quantitatively and then evaluated image quality. As a result, Absorbed dose measurements showed that nickel was higher than copper, and the absorbed dose decreased as the thickness increased(p<0.05). Furthermore, Quantitative analysis of images showed no significant difference between the two images according to change the voltage and the exposure index(p>0.05). In conclusion, this study confirms that the nickel addition plate can maintain the current image quality while reducing the exposure dose compared to copper.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.223-234
• /
• 2013

Poultry industry is abounding day by day as it engrosses less cost of investment per bird as compared to large animals. Poultry have the most copious genomic tool box amongst domestic animals for the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker assisted selection (MAS). Use of multiple markers and least square techniques for mapping of QTL affecting quality and production traits in poultry is in vogue. Examples of genetic tests that are available to or used in industry programs are documented and classified into causative mutations (direct markers), linked markers in population-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the QTL (LD markers), and linked markers in population wide equilibrium with the QTL (LE markers). Development of genome-wide SNP assays, role of 42 K, 60 K (Illumina) and 600 K (Affymetrix$^{(R)}$ Axim$^{(R)}$) SNP chip with next generation sequencing for identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been documented. Hybridization based, PCR based, DNA chip and sequencing based are the major segments of DNA markers which help in conducting of MAS in poultry. Economic index-marker assisted selection (EI-MAS) provides platform for simultaneous selection for production traits while giving due weightage to their marginal economic values by calculating predicted breeding value, using information on DNA markers which are normally associated with relevant QTL. Understanding of linkage equilibrium, linkage dis-equilibrium, relation between the markers and gene of interest are quite important for success of MAS. This kind of selection is the most useful tool in enhancing disease resistance by identifying candidate genes to improve the immune response. The application of marker assisted selection in selection procedures would help in improvement of economic traits in poultry.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.373-383
• /
• 2022

Inflammation caused by active oxygen and the resulting barrier damage have been consistently pointed out as the cause of wrinkle formation. In this study, effective index ingredient search and efficacy analysis were performed to verify the value of use as a functional cosmetic material related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin barrier improvement, and anti-aging for extracts of four types of Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis (ED), Eleutherococcus senticosus (EN), Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (ES), and Eleutherococcus sieboldianus (EI) belonging to the Eleutherococcus genus. To identify the effective index composition, the content of the ingredients was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The content of eleutheroside E and chlorogenic acid was the highest in ED among the Eleutherococcus genus. As for anti-oxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in ED. In anti-inflammatory effects, ED extracts inhibited nitric oxide generation in inflammatory macrophage cells due to lipopolysaccharide by 40% at 100 ㎍/mL. In the case of IL-6 inhibition, which is known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, ED showed 41% inhibition at 100 ㎍/mL. In addition, filaggrin and involucrin, which are skin barrier-related factors, were increased by 2.5 times and 1.6 times, respectively, in 100 ㎍/mL of ED extracts, and as for the collagenase, which is a wrinkle-related factor, ED extract showed 29% efficacy at 100 ㎍/mL. Thus, these result suggested that ED extract, among the four Eleutherococcus genus, can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for suppressing inflammation in the skin, reinforcing the skin barrier, and reducing wrinkles.