• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

In an experimental study, we assessed human sensibility in terms of psychophysiological response according to change of speeds (40, 70, 100km/h) in a driving simulator and application of motion fitters (washout filter, non-washout later) in a roller coaster simulator. For the driving and roller coaster simulators, a group of 12 healthy men in their twenties and a group of 8 healthy men in their twenties, respectively, participated. Participants each completed a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ), a subjective assessment of sensations of pleasantness, tension, and arousal, and perception of speed. Physiological signals were measured by 1/f fluctuation of EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram), and GSR (galvanic skin response). These were measured pre-to-post under the experimental conditions for each simulator. Subjective pleasantness, tension, arousal, and perception of speed and physiological responses indicating a feeling of pleasantness by 1/f fluctuation were higher for the roller coaster simulator than those measured for low speed driving in the driving simulator. The mean frequency of alpha band (8-l3㎐) in EEG increased with exposure to the driving simulator relative to that for the roller coaster simulator. Heart rate variability and GSR were significantly changed between pre- and post- under each condition in the driving and roller coaster simulators. The data suggest that subjective sensibility was elevated according to gain of speed and variety of simulator motion, and physiological responses were activated with increased speed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.472-487
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of floral fragrances on human brain waves and moods. A total of 44 subjects participated in this experiment. Group 1 consisted of 11 male and 14 female college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (${\pm}2.23$) and Group 2 consisted of 10 males and 9 females with a mean age of 54.3 years (${\pm}2.98$). Subjects were exposed to floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida, 'Hera' (hereafter referred to as "rose"), Cymbidium faberi (hereafter referred to as "orchid"), or odorless control flowers (hereafter referred to as "control"). Experiments took place in three rooms (rose, orchid, and control). Electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded during exposure to the odors and the data were processed using quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) techniques. The changing EEG patterns were analyzed by brain mapping and compressed spectral arrays, and the subjects' preferences (hedonic evaluations) were quantified with an A1 index. Increased activation of absolute alpha waves was verified on six of the eight EEG channels, with the right frontal and left occipital lobes exhibiting no changes and the left parietal region showing the greatest activation. According to the QEEG measurements in the electrode sites over the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, the strongest absolute alpha waves were induced in the parietal lobes, followed by the temporal lobes, with the other lobes showing no significant changes. On brain maps, the orchid fragrance induced greater absolute alpha and absolute mid-beta activities compared with the rose and control fragrances, and the rose fragrance induced high absolute mid-beta activation. To identify emotional responses to floral fragrances, the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire and the resulting odor-related emotional descriptors were analyzed using semantic differential and factor analysis. Principal component analysis identified "elegant" as the first principal component describing the floral fragrance, followed by "refreshing" and "aromatic." The subjects gave orchid higher scores for "elegant" and "refreshing," while finding rose more "aromatic." Differences in hedonic evaluation revealed by the A1 index appeared in the 65-115 sec range of scent exposure time. The subjects with ages of around 50 years showed olfactory preferences throughout the entire experimental time of 160 sec, most markedly in the later time segment (115-165 sec), showing an increasing preference with increasing exposure time. We conclude that rose fragrance can improve concentration by creating an aromatic environment conducive to a concentrated and calm state of mind, and orchid fragrance can make people feel pampered and relaxed by creating an elegant and refreshing environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2009

The overall purpose of this study was to figure out psycho-physiological variations in human bodies according to observing visual images of forests. To collect data, the authors employed 9 views each in three different environments such as cities, forests, and landscape which combines a forest with water. The experiment was conducted by showing total 27 images to 30 visitors to measure the subjects' changes of alpha waves of EEG(electroencephalogram). As measures of psychological impact of the views, PRS(Perceived Restorativeness Scale) and PANAS(Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) were used. The results of the data analyses indicated that the views of landscape with a forest and water influenced most highly on subjects' psycho-physiological responses.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to measure and compare driver's psychophysiological responses in different driving conditions through driving simulator. Twelve male adults(more than 1 year of driving experience) were assigned to four different driving conditions, such as normal speed(70㎞/h), sudden start(0㎞/h→70㎞/h), and sudden stop(70㎞/h→0㎞/h), and their simulator sickness, subjective pleasantness and arousal, EEG, ECG, skin temperature, and GSR were measured. Subjective and physiological evaluations were executed before and after driving in each condition. The results showed that subjective pleasantness and arousal increased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, relative to stop and normal speed conditions. As the central nervous responses, beta wave increased and alpha wave decreased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, relative to stop and normal speed conditions. With regard to the autonomic responses, heart rate and GSR increased, while skin temperature decreased in sudden stop and sudden start conditions, which means an activation of sympathetic nervous system. The results suggested that based upon observation of the distinctive psychophysiological changes by driving conditions, it is possible to evaluate the human sensibility in dynamic environment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 1993

The anesthetic effects by dosages of Tiletamlne-Zolazepam in the dogs were investigated and then the optimal dosages for the operation of patients were suggested. 1. In groups of T+Z 20, 10 and 5 mg/kg administration, anesthetic periods are 180~300, 33~47 and 40~50 minutes, respectively and complete recovery from anesthesia was shorted with taking 53~72 minutes in the group of 5 mg/kg administration. 2. Reflex responses to eyelids, cornea and pharyngolarynx were maintained but pedal reflexes became considerably sluggish 3. It showed tachycardias on ECG but there were no specific dysrhythmias. On EEG, it showed low voltage-fast waves before anesthesia, high voltage-fast waves in induction stage, low voltage-slow waves in anesthetic stage and high voltage-fast waves again in recovery stage. 4. Surgical procedures could be performed satisfactorily in 6 cases of the 10 mg/kg administration group, but in 3 of 5 cases of 5 mg/kg administration group it could be completed after additional administration. 5. In conclusion, it was considered desirable for anesthetizing dogs that for healthy cases T+Z at the level of 10 mg/kg B.W. was administered, and for poor risk patients, 5 mg/kg B.W., followed by an additional administration in unsatisfied cases.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-139
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• 2002

Background : Subtle status epilepticus (SE) is an end-stage of convulsive SE. This phenomenon might be a clinical expression of neuronal exhaustion caused by sustained electrical discharges. As subtle SE may show diverse clinical features, early detection depends on clinical suspicion. Case : A 68-year-old woman was presented with repetitive involuntary movement of right limbs after two generalized tonic-clonic seizures. She experienced right middle cerebral artery infarction 4 months ago, and after the event, left side hemiplegia sustained. These seizures were first-ever after the cerebral infarction. Orientation and verbal responses were fairly preserved but general cognitive function was minimally slowed. During the video-EEG monitoring, repetitive sharp waves were noted in the right hemisphere and these sharp waves occasionally spread to the contralateral side. Her right side involuntary movement was identifiable when the epileptic discharges were found on her right hemisphere. Conclusion : We suggested that this unexpected convulsive movement is a reflection of earlier exhaustion in the right hemisphere or deefferentation of right hemisphere because of preexisting neuronal damage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.7 s.124
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify differences among the responses of users depending on variations in audio-visual landscape elements used to create amenities in residential areas. For the purpose, a laboratory experiment was performed to evaluate the emotions of subjects. As a result of subjective evaluation, it was found that the emotions of subjects were more significantly promoted in providing both sounds and images at the same time, than in providing images alone. In addition, as a result of comparing the variables of relativistic energy alpha waves have by measuring their brain waves, it was seen that alpha waves increased when providing harmonious sound sources with images, except for specific sound sources. Thus, it is considered that provision of sound sources capable of promoting human emotions can contribute greatly to improving the value of space for the sake of comfortable housing environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.519-522
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify differences among the responses of users depending on variations in audio-visual landscape elements used to create amenities in residential areas. For the purpose, a laboratory experiment was performed to evaluate the emotions of subjects. As a result of subjective evaluation, it was found that the emotions of subjects were more significantly promoted in providing both sounds and images at the same time, than in providing images alone. In addition, as a result of comparing the variables of relativistic energy alpha waves have by measuring their brain waves, it was seen that alpha waves increased when providing harmonious sound sources with images, except for specific sound sources. Thus, it is considered that provision of sound sources capable of promoting human emotions can contribute greatly to improving the value of space for the sake of comfortable housing environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1151-1154
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 표면 돌출형태가 상이한 작업장 피로예방용 매트를 이용하여 선자세로 작업 시, 작업자의 생리적 반응을 통하여 매트사용에 따른 그들의 피로감의 변화를 알아보았다. 실험은 건강한 성인 남자 9명을 대상으로 EEG(Fp1, Fp2), ECG, EMG, SKT, 혈류량, 주관적 평가에 대하여 2종(WSM-PA3, WSM-PB3)의 표면 돌출형태가 상이한 피로예방용 매트에서 작업 전후 10분간과 작업 중 120분간 측정하였다. 작업은 단순반복의 수작업으로 실시하였다. 그 결과, WSM-PB3에 비하여 WSM-PA3 사용 시, $\alpha$파의 좌뇌 변동리듬 경사도와 쾌적도는 유의하게 증가(p＜0.05), RRI는 유의하게 감소(p＜0.05), 척추세움근의 주파수는 소폭으로 감소, 발등부의 피부온도는 유의하게 소폭으로 증가(P＜0.05), 하퇴 후면의 혈류량은 유의하게 증가(p＜0.05)하였다. 반면, 주관적 피로감 평가에서는 조건간 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 WSM-PB3에 비하여 WSM-PA3 사용이 선 자세로 반복작업하는 작업자의 피로예방에 긍정적 역할을 담당하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2009

This study investigates the perception of different fabrics by consumers when provided with a video clip with rustling sounds of the fabric. We utilized sportswear products that are currently on the market and evaluated the emotional response of internet shoppers by measuring the physiological and psychological responses. Three kinds of vapor-permeable water-repellent fabric were selected to generate video clips each containing the fabric rustling sound and images of exercise activities wearing the sportswear made of the respective fabric. The new experimental website contained the video clips and was compared with the original website which served as a control. 30 subjects, who had experience to buy clothing online, took part in the physiological and psychological response to the video clip. Electroen-cephalography (EEG) was used to measure the physiological response while the psychological response consisted of evaluating accurate perception of the fabric, satisfaction, and consumer interest. When we offered video clips with fabric's rustling sound on the website, subjects answered they could get more accurate and rapid information to decide to purchase the products than otherwise they do the shopping without such information. However, such rustling sounds somewhat annoy customers, as proved psychological and physiological response. Our study is a critical step in evaluating the consumer's emotional response to sportswear fabric which will promote selling frequency, reduce the return rate and aid development of new sportswear fabric further evolution of the industry.