• 제목/요약/키워드: EE2

검색결과 935건 처리시간 0.035초

성인의 13가지 신체활동의 에너지 소비량 및 가속도계 정확성의 남녀비교 (Energy expenditure of physical activity in Korean adults and assessment of accelerometer accuracy by gender)

  • 최연정;주문정;박정혜;박종훈;김은경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제50권6호
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    • pp.552-564
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 20 ~ 60대의 성인 109명 (남 54명, 여 55명)을 대상으로 13가지 대표적 신체활동에 대한 에너지 소비량(EE)및 신체활동 강도 (METs)를 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기($K4b^2$)를 이용하여 측정하고 이를 기준으로 가속도계(Actigraph $GT3X^+$)의 정확성을 성별에 따라 평가하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정한 보통 달리기를 제외한 모든 트레드밀 활동의 단위체중당 에너지 소비량과 METs값은 여자가 남자 보다 유의하게 높았다. 13가지 대표 활동 중 눕기, 앉기 및 서기와 같은 움직임이 없는 활동은 에너지 소비량이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 남자는 계단 올라가기 (에너지 소비량 포함)에서 여자는 8 km/h 속도의 보통 달리기 (에너지 소비량값 포함)에서 에너지가 많이 소비되는 고강도 활동으로 나타났다. 2. 가속도계 및 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정한 EE와 METs값을 비교한 결과, 남자는 계단 내려가기, 보통 걷기와 빠르게 걷기 활동에서 여자는 계단 내려가기를 제외한 모든 활동에서, 가속도계가 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기 보다 과소추정 하였다. 3. Compendium 2011 기준에 따라 강도를 분류하였을 때 가속도계와 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기는 저강도 활동에서 일치하는 비율이 가장 높은 (남자 88.3%, 여자 91.3%) 반면, 고강도 활동에서 가장 낮은 일치율을 보였고 여자 (58.3%)보다는 남자 (75.2%)에서 일치율이 유의하게 높았다. 4. 가속도계를 이용하여 EE 및 METs값 추정 시 준거도구와의 차이를 성별에 따라 비교하면, 계단 내려가기를 제외한 모든 활동에서 여자 보다 남자에서 오차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 트레드밀 이외의 활동보다는 트레드밀 활동에서의 오차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 다양한 연령대의 성인 남녀의 신체활동의 에너지 소비량 등을 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정하였다는데 큰 의의가 있으며 이와 같은 측정값은 한국인을 위한 활동분류표 개발 및 에너지 소비량 산출 시 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 추후 연구에서는 현재까지 개발된 다양한 가속도계 추정식의 정확성이 검증되어야 하며 향후 가속도계를 이용하여 EE 및 METs값 산출 시 필요한 추정식은 적용하는 신체활동 종류뿐만 아니라 성별에 따라 개발되어야 할 것이다.

Resource Allocation and EE-SE Tradeoff for H-CRAN with NOMA-Based D2D Communications

  • Wang, Jingpu;Song, Xin;Dong, Li
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.1837-1860
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    • 2020
  • We propose a general framework for studying resource allocation problem and the tradeoff between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) for downlink traffic in power domain-non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) and device to device (D2D) based heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) under imperfect channel state information (CSI). The aim is jointly optimize radio remote head (RRH) selection, spectrum allocation and power control, which is formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem that can be solved with weighted Tchebycheff method. We propose a low-complexity algorithm to solve user association, spectrum allocation and power coordination separately. We first compute the CSI for RRHs. Then we study allocating the cell users (CUs) and D2D groups to different subchannels by constructing a bipartite graph and Hungrarian algorithm. To solve the power control and EE-SE tradeoff problems, we decompose the target function into two subproblems. Then, we utilize successive convex program approach to lower the computational complexity. Moreover, we use Lagrangian method and KKT conditions to find the global optimum with low complexity, and get a fast convergence by subgradient method. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that by using PD-NOMA technique and H-CRAN with D2D communications, the system gets good EE-SE tradeoff performance.

Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid on Maze-learning Ability in Aged Mice Fed N-3 Fatty Acid Deficient Diet

  • Lim, Sun-Young;Suzuki, Hiramitsu
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.788-792
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    • 2005
  • The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on maze-learning ability in aged mice was investigated. Aged mice fed a diet deficient in n-3 fatty acid received a semi-purified diet of 0.5, 1 and 2% DHA-ethyl ester (DHA-EE) for 4 months. Maze-learning ability was assessed at 3 months after the start of the experiment. The time required to reach the maze exit and the number of times that a mouse strayed into blind alleys in the maze were measured in 3 trials conducted at 4-day intervals. The time was significantly less in the DHA-EE 0.5% and DHA-EE 2% groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The number of times mice strayed into blind alleys in the maze was significantly lower in the DHA-EE 2% group than in the control group (p<0.05). Mice fed DHA showed increased DHA and decreased level of arachidonic acid (AA) in the brain. These results suggest that the intake of a 2% DHA diet improves learning ability in aged mice, which is associated with a higher DHA content in the brain.

EJB 서버 시스템의 네미밍 관리 시스템 설계 (A Design of Naming and Directory Management for EJB Container)

  • 김성훈;장철수;노명찬;서범수;함호상;김중배
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표논문집 (상)
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    • pp.401-404
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    • 2002
  • EJB 는 분산 트랜잭션 기반의 엔터프라이즈 어플리케이션을 위한 컴포넌트 컴퓨팅을 위한 아키텍처이다. EJB 는 J2EE 플랫폼을 위한 서버 측 컴포넌트 아키텍처이며, J2EE 플랫폼의 재사용 가능하고 J2EE 기술 중에서 다중 플랫폼 또는 다중 서버에 이식 가능한 비즈니스 로직을 표현하는 코어 기술이다. EJB 기술을 사용하게 되면 응용 로직 개발자들은 시스템 영역의 서비스들 즉, 트랜잭션, 보안, 생명주기, 쓰레딩, 영속성_등의 기능을 직접 구현하지 않고 손쉽게 응용 로직을 개발할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 J2EE 의 핵심 서버인 EJB 서버 시스템의 설계 사상과 네이밍 및 디렉토리 관리 모듈에 대한 구체적인 설계 방안을 제시한다.

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J2EE 어플리케이션 모델 기반의 컴포넌트 저장소 구현 (An Implementation of a Component Repository based on J2EE Application Model)

  • 안성아;최희석;염근혁
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.77-93
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    • 2002
  • 현재는 소프트웨어의 재사용성, 신뢰성, 확장성을 높이기 위한 해결책으로서 컴포넌트 기반 소프트웨어 개발(Component Based Software Development)을 따르고 있다. 이를 지원하기 위해서는 개발된 컴포넌트들이 컴포넌트 저장소를 통하여 소프트웨어 개발시 재사용되어야 한다. 그러나, 전통적인 중앙 집중식 저장소로서는 사용자 수의 제약 뿐만 아니라 제공하는 컴포넌트들도 사용자 인터페이스 등과 같은 클라이언트측 컴포넌트들이 대부분이었으므로 컴포넌트 시장의 활성화를 가져오지 못하였다. 최근에는 인터넷 기술과 함께 EJB, DCOM 등과 같은 컴포넌트 기술의 발달에 힘입어 특정 영역(Domain)에서 재사용되는 서버측 컴포넌트들이 많이 등장하였다. 따라서 컴포넌트 저장소는 도메인 정보를 기반으로하여 컴포넌트들을 분류하여 제공하며, 많은 사용자들이 안정적으로 사용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 웹 기반의 서비스를 제공해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 어플리케이션 개발자들에게 요구사항에 맞는 컴포넌트를 검색하여 추출하기 위한 서비스를 제공하며, 웹 환경에서 안정적이고 신뢰성 있는 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 컴포넌트 저장소의 요구사항 분석을 바탕으로 J2EE(Java 2 Enterprise Edition) 어플리케이tus 모델 기반의 컴포넌트 저장소를 제시한다

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Emergent Esophagectomy in Patients with Esophageal Malignancy Is Associated with Higher Rates of Perioperative Complications but No Independent Impact on Short-Term Mortality

  • Yahya Alwatari;Devon C. Freudenberger;Jad Khoraki;Lena Bless;Riley Payne;Walker A. Julliard;Rachit D. Shah;Carlos A. Puig
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.160-168
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    • 2024
  • Background: Data on perioperative outcomes of emergent versus elective resection in esophageal cancer patients requiring esophagectomy are lacking. We investigated whether emergent resection was associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data on patients with esophageal malignancy who underwent esophagectomy from 2005 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Thirty-day complication and mortality rates were compared between emergent esophagectomy (EE) and non-emergent esophagectomy. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with complications and mortality. Results: Of 10,067 patients with malignancy who underwent esophagectomy, 181 (1.8%) had EE, 64% had preoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, or septic shock, and 44% had bleeding requiring transfusion. The EE group had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class and functional dependency. More transhiatal esophagectomies and diversions were performed in the EE group. After EE, the rates of 30-day mortality (6.1% vs. 2.8%), overall complications (65.2% vs. 44.2%), bleeding, pneumonia, prolonged intubation, and positive margin (17.7% vs. 7.4%) were higher, while that of anastomotic leak was similar. On adjusted logistic regression, older age, lower albumin, higher ASA class, and fragility were associated with increased complications and mortality. McKeown esophagectomy and esophageal diversion were associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications. EE was associated with 30-day postoperative complications (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-3.43; p<0.0001). Conclusion: EE was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in complications compared to elective procedures, but no independent increase in short-term mortality. These findings may help guide data-driven critical decision-making for surgery in select cases of complicated esophageal malignancy.

A 6-bit 3.3GS/s Current-Steering DAC with Stacked Unit Cell Structure

  • Kim, Si-Nai;Kim, Wan;Lee, Chang-Kyo;Ryu, Seung-Tak
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.270-277
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents a new DAC design strategy to achieve a wideband dynamic linearity by increasing the bandwidth of the output impedance. In order to reduce the dominant parasitic capacitance of the conventional matrix structure, all the cells associated with a unit current source and its control are stacked in a single column very closely (stacked unit cell structure). To further reduce the parasitic capacitance, the size of the unit current source is considerably reduced at the sacrifice of matching yield. The degraded matching of the current sources is compensated for by a self-calibration. A prototype 6-bit 3.3-GS/s current-steering full binary DAC was fabricated in a 1P9M 90 nm CMOS process. The DAC shows an SFDR of 36.4 dB at 3.3 GS/s Nyquist input signal. The active area of the DAC occupies only $0.0546mm^2$ (0.21 mm ${\times}$ 0.26 mm).

A 40fJ/c-s 1 V 10 bit SAR ADC with Dual Sampling Capacitive DAC Topology

  • Kim, Bin-Hee;Yan, Long;Yoo, Jerald;Yoo, Hoi-Jun
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2011
  • A 40 fJ/c-s, 1 V, 10-bit SAR ADC is presented for energy constrained wearable body sensor network application. The proposed 10-bit dual sampling capacitive DAC topology reduces switching energy by 62% compared with 10-bit conventional SAR ADC. Also, it is more robust to capacitor mismatch than the conventional architecture due to its cancelling effect of each capacitive DAC. The proposed SAR ADC is fabricated in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ 1P6M CMOS technology and occupies 1.17 $mm^2$ including pads. It dissipates only 1.1 ${\mu}W$ with 1 V supply voltage while operating at 100 kS/s.

생산직 남성근로자의 작업 중 에너지 소모량 (Energy Expenditure of Male Blue Collar Workers)

  • 우지훈;강동묵;신용철;김명옥;손민정;김부욱;이수일;조병만
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 2006
  • Predicting energy expenditure (EE) is important to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The problem to predict EE is that the standard of EE is based on western data. The authors checked average EE by job categories to provide basic data for suggesting proper work intensity for Korean workers. This study was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Study subjects were recruited from 4 car parts assembly plant, 2 car assembly plant, 2 Heavy machine manufacturing plant and 2 shipyards. Total study subjects were 515 male workers. To estimate VO2max, sub-maximal test was conducted to measure VO275%max by bicycle ergometer (Combi Co, Aerobike 75XL II). Heartbeats were recorded with heartbeat recorder (Polar Electro Co, Finland, S810) during work. EE of work was calculated by recorded heartbeat and individual regression equation which was derived from sub-maximal test. Subjects were classified into 4 industry and 8 work posture, 23 job task categories. Mean EEs (S.D.) according to industry classification (kcal/min) were 4.9 (0.7), 4.8 (0.7), 4.9 (0.7), 5.0 (0.9), and 4.0 (0.5) for Car Part manufacture, Car Assembly, Ship Building, Heavy Machinery Manufacture, and Hospital Office, respectively. The results suggest that Korean male workers of exceeding to the NIOSH criteria will be needed to plan for job rescheduling to maintain $worker^{\circ}$Øs health. Further study to establish Korean work intensity standard would be needed.