• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the dermal cytotoxicity of lead acetate (LA) and other heavy metal compounds, and the protective effect of Lespedeza bicolor (LB) extract on LA-induced cytotoxicity in cultured B16-/F10 melanoma cells. The study evaluated the antioxidative effects of LB due to its electron-donating ability (EDA), inhibitory effects on melanization and improving cell viability. LA significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the XTT₅₀ value was determined at 52.7 µM in the studied cultures. Based on the Borenfreund and Puerner's toxicity criteria, LA was estimated to be highly cytotoxic. LA-induced cytotoxicity and cell damage was reversed by the antioxidant activity of kaempferol (KAE), thereby remarkably improving cell viability. A study of the protective effects of the LB extract on LA-induced cytotoxicity showed that the LB extract remarkably increased cell viability in the LA-treated group, and also inhibited the EDA and the total amount of melanin. The above results suggest oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of LA. In the study, LB extract effectively prevented LA-induced cytotoxicity via its antioxidative activity and inhibition of melanization. In conclusion, natural resources like LB extracts may be useful agents for the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and melanization by heavy metallic compounds such as LA.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.726-733
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• 2018

The rice's waste byproduct is known as a rice bran and produced annually about 400,000 to 600,000 tons. Most of the rice bran are used as a livestock feed or waste disposal, and needed to be used to produce high-added substances, such as bioactive materials. In this study, extraction conditions of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the rice bran were optimized using a statistically-based optimization. The influence of extraction variables including the extraction time ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$) and ethanol concentration ($X_3$) were investigated using the response surface methodology in order to determine optimum extraction conditions which maximize total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and electron donating abilities (EDA). The optimal UAE from rice bran was achieved under the extraction temperature of $94.9^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 41.6 minute and ethanol concentration of 74.0% (v/v) with maximum yields of TPC 2.78 mg GAE/g DM, TFC 1.63 mg QE/g DM and EDA 42.86%. The UAE process shows its potential to the extraction of bioactive and antioxidant compounds from rice bran in a short extraction time and low temperature. Also, it is proposed that rice bran could be considered as food additives and cosmeceutical products.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.295-302
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• 2023

Software requirements written in natural language may have different meanings from the stakeholders' viewpoint. When designing an architecture based on quality attributes, it is necessary to accurately classify quality attribute requirements because the efficient design is possible only when appropriate architectural tactics for each quality attribute are selected. As a result, although many natural language processing models have been studied for the classification of requirements, which is a high-cost task, few topics improve classification performance with the imbalanced quality attribute datasets. In this study, we first show that the classification model can automatically classify the Korean requirement dataset through experiments. Based on these results, we explain that data augmentation through EDA(Easy Data Augmentation) techniques and undersampling strategies can improve the imbalance of quality attribute datasets, and show that they are effective in classifying requirements. The results improved by 5.24%p on F1-score, indicating that handling imbalanced data helps classify Korean requirements of classification models. Furthermore, detailed experiments of EDA illustrate operations that help improve classification performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.454-461
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• 2007

Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were carried out on the Citrus Unshju peel solvent extracts in order to discover new functional activities. The amounts of polyphenol in 70% metanol extract (MtEx) was measured as 836.8 mg% in Citrus Unshju peel. The EDA (electron donating ability) of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.1% MtEx in Citrus Unshju peel were measured as levels of 81.3, 86.0 and 89.6%. The nitrite scavenging effects of Citrus peel were also determined as the levels of 34.4% (pH 1.2) and 19.5% (pH 7.0). The pH of react solution was more acidic, the nitrite scavenging effect was more increased. The order of antioxidatives was shown as TBHQ > BHT > TOC > ChEx > EaEx > EtEx > WaEx > Control in corn germ oil and TBHQ > ChEx > EaEx > BHT > EtEx > WaEx > TOC > Control in canola oil. A number of the extracts were certified to have antimicrobial activities for a small number of micro-organisms, similar gram negative and positive micro-organisms. According to the results above, it was summerized that Citrus Unshju peel had the higher total polyphenol, EDA, nitrite scavenging effects and antimicrobial activities. Also isolated extract from ChEx and EaEx had high antioxidative, these effects were very similar to that of ${alpha}$-tocopherol and BHT. It would be proposed that Citrus peel can become a new natural source for antioxidative agents in future food industry.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.193-203
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• 2019

Family films with insight of the society are now recognized as significant texts to communicate with audience from the beginning of the history of film and to reflect various viewpoints on changes of the times and socio-cultural context. In such aspect, the films of Hirokazu Kore-eda are very significant in that they suggest very sharp view on modern society through family narrative. His family narratives not only presented a profound reflection on the modern society and human relations through themes on death, loss, severance, and alienation, but also formed a public sympathy based on success in the box-office numbers despite his heavy subjects. His such achievement is closely related to the format of spatial representation to record 'time' and 'daily life' as well as the family film as a narrative form to draw the meaning of a family. Therefore, this study analyzes the family narrative and the format of spatial representation in the films of Hirokazu Kore-eda, and could find the film form where life and space closely communicate each other to reach the topic. This study, concentrating on the spatial representation and the roles and meanings of formal factors in family narrative, can find its own value in its expansion out of the previous studies which adopted macro perspectives on the trend of the times.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.191-193
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• 1985

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2001

How do you carry out data analysis\ulcorner There are few texts and little theory. One approach could be to use a pattern language, an idea which has been successful in field as diverse as town planning and software engineering. Patterns for data analysis are defined and discussed, illustrated with examples.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.180-180
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.95.3-95
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 뇌의 반응과 말초신경계의 변화를 통하여 유머와 기쁨의 긍정적인 정서의 구분이 가능한가를 밝히고자 하였다. fMRI와 말초신경계 반응 측정 실험 각각을 수행하는 동안, 유머와 기쁨정서를 유발하는 동영상 자극(2분)이 제시되었고, 실험이 끝난 후 심리적인 평가도 함께 수행되었다. fURI 실험은 boxcar design으로 한 session 내에 두 block으로 구성되었다. 말초신경계 반응실험에서는 안정상태와 정서상태에서의 피부전기 반응을 측정하였다. fMRI 결과, 유머자극과 기쁨자극 제시 시 공통적으로 precentral Cortex, temporal Cortex, precuneus 가 활성화 되었고, 유머자극은 기쁨자극에 비하여 우측 middle temporal cortex, 우측 inferior frontal cortex, 좌측 middle frontal cortex 에서 큰 활성화를 보였다. 피부전기 반응(EDA) 분석 결과 두 정서 모두 안정상태에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고, 유머자극은 기쁨자극에 비하여 피부전도수준(SCL)과 피부전도반응의 수(NSCR)에서 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.