• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 1993년도 정기총회 및 제3차 학술발표회
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• pp.6-9
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• 1993

According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. Thus. to prevent these undesirable changes , val'ious techniques such as controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, modified atmosphere OIA) storage, including vacuum packaging have been receiving considerable attention, Although milch research has been done to find optimal conditions for whole intact frui ts and vegetables, only limi ted information is avai lable on fresh cut. and other minimally processed products. 81 iced frui ts exhibi t increas~d ethylene production and respiration compal'ed to whole f, 'uits during distribution in response to tissue damage. As a result, accelerated senescence and enzymatic browning OCCUI', Recent l'esearch on minimally processed fl'uits and vegetables has mainly focused on methods to inhibit browning, due to ban on use of sulfur dioxide, In order to retard or prevent these physiological changes, val'ious al ternatives, reducing agents. acidulants, chelating agents and inol'ganic sal ts have been evaluated for use on fresh cut fl'ui ts. Al though some agents were effective replacement for sulfur dioxide. consum$\textregistered$I'S demandless use of chemical on such products. Shel~ life of minimally processed products has been extended by inhibition of metabolic reactions associated with loss of quality and by inhibition of aerobic spoilage caused by wide variety of microorganisms. Appl ication of ~I.-\ packaging, including vacuum packaging, retards the rate of respiration, prevents growth of aerobic spoilage organisms, inhibits oxidation and color deterioration. Tissue softening is another major problem in minimally processed products because enzymes re 1 a ted to ce 11 wa 11 degrada t i on are not inactivated. Various treatments have been investigated for retardation of the softening of sliced products. Some studies have concentrated on the application of an active packaging system with ~I, l. packaging and calcium infi 1 tration as possible measures to retain firmness of processed products. In my opinion, one important step for production of minimally processed frui ts wi th favorabl e color of cut surface and firm texture is the selection of better cultivar. As the view, changing tendency of fresh color by apple cultivars and relationship between the tendency and PPO activity will be discussed in the seminar. In addition to the topic, research result on quality enhancement of fresh apple slices by heat shock treatment will be introduced.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.693-703
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• 2001

배경 및 목적 : 만성폐쇄성 폐질환은 대부분 후천적으로 발생하며, 흡연은 가장 중요한 유발인자이다. 흡연력이 있는 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자들이 임상적 그리고 병리학적으로 차이가 분명한 만성기관지염과 폐기종의 두가지 형태로 진행한다는 사실은 단순한 흡연력 이외에 흡연과 관계가 있는 다른 인자가 관여함을 시사하고 있다. 저자들은 흡연력이 있는 남자 중 만성폐쇄성 폐질환으로 진단된 환자를 대상으로 흡연력과 흡연습관 및 행태를 조사하여 만성기관지염과 폐기종의 발생과 관련이 있는 흡연습관을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 영남대학교 부속병원 호흡기내과를 방문하였던 환자 중 만성폐쇄성 폐질환으로 진단되고 흡연력이 있는 333명의 남자(폐기종 ; 143명, 만성기관지염 ; 190명)를 대상으로 흡연력에 대하여 설문조사를 하였다. 그러나, 악성 폐종양, 간질성 폐질환, 기관지 확장증, 진폐증, 폐허탈, 흉수 및 흉막유착 등이 있는 경우와 폐렴이나 폐결핵 등 현증 감염성 질환이 있는 경우, 그리고 1초간 노력성 호기량($FEV_1$)이 ${\beta}_2$ 항진제 사용후 10% 이상 증가하는 경우는 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과 : 만성기관지염 환자에 비해 폐기종 환자는 평균 나이가 많고, 흡연량 및 절대흡연량이 많았으며, 흡연을 일찍 시작하였고, 담배연기를 갚이 흡입하는 경향이 있었다(p<0.01). 또한 필터가 없는 담배를 피운 기간도 폐기종환자가 훨씬 길었다(p<0.01). 그러나 피우는 담배의 평균길이는 두 질환 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 나이와 흡연력 및 절대흡연량에 대하여 보정한 후 연기의 흡연정도를 비교한 결과 역시 폐기종 환자에서 더 깊게 흡입하는 경향이 있었다. 결 론 : 폐기종의 발생은 담배연기의 흡입정도와 관계가 깊으며, 담배연기에 대한 폐포의 지속적인 노출은 폐기종 발생에 중요한 요인으로 작용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2009

For the last decades, service quality has been studied as one of the most important tools for a service company to compete with the other companies. Based on these past researches, it has been agreed that the service quality is a basic and powerful tool to create the competitive advantage. Due to similar reason, many service marketing practitioners have been also focused on the service quality to retain the existing consumers and collect the new consumers. However, service quality is subjectively perceived by individual consumers. Consumer evaluation of service quality can be different from each other. Especially consumers with one life-style may evaluate the service quality differently from the consumers with the other life-styles. Therefore we need to know whether there are differences in service quality perception on the categories of life-style. Life-style refers to a distinctive mode of living in its aggregate and broadest sense. It embodies the patterns that were developed and emerged from the dynamics of living in a society. Since the concept of life-style and its relationship to marketing was introduced in 1963 by William Lazer, methods of measuring the life-style and their application have been developed. Life-style has been usually used to segment the marketplace because it offers marketers a unique and important view of the market. When Life-style is combined with clustering methods, life-style segmentation can generate identifiable whole persons rather than isolated fragment. Life-style segmentation begins with people instead of products and classifies them into different life-style types, each characterized by a unique style of living based on a wide range of activities, interests, and opinions(Plummer, 1974). In this study we applies the life-style segmentation based on the AIO(Activities, Interests, and Opinions) to the consumers of the large discount stores. In Korea, the large discount store market has entered into maturity stage so that the market differentiation strategy is becoming a more critical issue to the marketing practitioners. One of the most important tools to differentiate from the competitors in large discount store market is continuously to provide service of better quality than competitors. This study tries to find answers about the following questions: 1) How can we categorize the consumer life-styles in the large discount store? 2) What are the characteristics of the categorized groups? 3) Are there any differences in service quality perception among the consumers with different life-styles 4) Are there any differences in consumer behavior among them in the large discount store? For the purpose, we collected survey data from consumers and analyzed the data with the SPSS package where we had $X^2$-test, factor analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and cluster analysis. The survey was made during one month in the April of 2008. Among the collected 306 copies of questionnaires, 281 copies were chosen as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 25 copies with wrong responses. To identify the life-style patterns, we used the measures employed by Kim and Kwon(1999), where 44 items on a seven-point scale were used to measure factors of the life-style patterns. The Principal Component Method was used for factor extraction, and the VARIMAX orthogonal factor rotation was employed. The 7 items showing low factor loading were eliminated. The results of the factor analysis suggested that nine factors of the life-style patterns were identified as follows: 1) the equality-of-sexes and pursuit-of-independence tendency 2) self-management tendency 3) sociable tendency 4) self-display tendency 5) degree of a dilettante life 6) pursuit-of-information tendency 7) bargain hunter tendency 8) TV preference tendency 9) pursuit-of-leisure tendency. Next, after the K-means cluster analysis was performed with nine factors of the life-style patterns, the life-styles of the respondents were classified into four groups which are named as the 'progressive practicality-oriented group', 'positive success-oriented group', 'sociable ostentation-oriented group', 'stable conservation-oriented group'. The analysis results for usage behavior between the market segments showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of usage, duration time in the store, consumer satisfaction, and loyalty. Also, we tried to investigate whether the large discount store consumers differently perceive the quality of service based upon the types of life-style. To measure the service quality of large discount store, we adapted several measurement models measuring the service quality such as SERVPERF, BCP, R-SERVPERF, R-BCP. MANOVA and One-Way ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in service quality perception based on the market segments. The results have also shown significant differences between life-style types in service quality perception. These findings show that the large discount store marketers should consider consumer life-style as one of the most important market segments for marketing and understand the difference in service quality perception between life-style types. Our findings give important implications to marketers of large discount stores as well as life-style researchers. First, this study showed there were significant differences in consumer's service quality perception and usage behavior between the types of life-style. It provides evidence that the life-style approach can be a important basis in segmenting the large discount store market and will make consumers perceive the service quality high. Second, most previous researches on service quality have been in aggregate level. However, our results imply that the future research on service quality have to focus on segment level.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.3-82
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• 2015

이 논문에서는 미용성형의료관계에서 설명의무의 위반과 시술상 오류로 인한 민사책임에 관한 판결(대법원 2013. 6. 13. 선고 2012다94865 판결, 서울중앙지방법원 2014. 12. 5. 선고 2013가소865646 판결)의 평석적 분석을 통해 설명의무만를 강화하여 책임귀속을 판단한 논지의 법리적 문제점을 지적하고, 다음과 같은 논점을 전개한다. 미용성형도 현행 의료법상 의료행위에 해당한다는 판례(대법원 1974. 11. 26. 선고 74도1114 전원합의체 판결)와 학계의 통용되는 견해는 공법적 관점에서만 타당하며, 적응증이 없는, 즉 질병 치료를 목적으로 하지 않는 순수한 미용성형시술은 의술적으로 신체, 건강 등에 위해를 가할 수 있는 의료법상 의료행위에 해당하지만, 민사책임법에서는 질병치료를 목적으로 하는 진료행위와 구별되어야 한다. 그리고 오늘날 의료생활에서 의료보험의 불가결성에 비추어, - 방법적으로 사회법상 개념 및 규준을 곧바로 민사책임법에 적용되는 것은 아니라는 점을 견지하면서 -, 성형시술에 대한 보험급여에 관한 독일 연방사회법원 판결(BSGE 63, 83, BSGE 72, 96, BSGE, 82, 158, BSGE 93, 252 etc.)을 소개하여 비교한다. 또한 진료계약의 법적 성질에 관한 교조적 논점과 관련하여 독일 연방법원의 판결(BGHZ 63, 306)도 비교적으로 검토한다. 소결적으로 성형의료를 (1) 신체의 물리적 기능의 침해의 교정, (2) 기형(騎形)의 교정, (3) 심인적 침해의 교정, (3) 정상적 체형(體型)의 미화(美化)로 유형적으로 분류하는 관점에서, 적응증 있는 진료계약(수단채무)에 적용하는 책임귀속법리와 달리, (4)의 유형에 해당하는 미용성형시술에는 예외적으로 도급계약의 법리 적용을 긍정적으로 재검토할 것을 제안한다.

• 대한간호
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.64-78
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of gravidas' knowledge. The subjects of this study consisted of 159 gravida visited 2 general hospitals, 2 OB/GY clinics and 2 midwives' clinics in J city for anenatal care. The data were collected from December 1 to 30, J.989. The instrument used for this study was true false type question which was developed by investigator through literature review. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA on significant difference with SPSS program. The results of this study were, summarized as follow: 1) The degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity was 36.75, the degree of gravidas' know ledge of physical care activicy was 16.70, and the degree of gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity was 20.00. 2) Among the physical care activity knowledge items, the diaper should be changed whenever it is soiled, $\lceil$shortly after feeding is over, bathing is bad$\rfloor$, $\lceil$gently patted or stroked on the back when bubbling$\rfloor$, $\lceil$10 minutes time in bathing is appropriate$\rfloor$, $\lceil$infant is crying whenever he is hungry per 3-4 hours$\rfloor$, and "room humidity controled 60 percent, more or less> were over a' percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the physical care, accivity knowledge items. $\lceil$a reason for burping was the air' he has swallowed will rise to the top of his stomach and be eructated$\rfloor$, $\lceil$burping is advisable after the feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$dressing of umbilical area is not necessary$\rfloor$, $\lceil$the thermometer should not be boiled for disinfection$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is important chat the infant grasp the whole nipple within his mouth$\rfloor$, $\lceil$using alcohol sponge is bad whenever diaper is soiled", and $\lceil$when temperature is taken by the rectal method, infant legs shoud be grasped firmly_! were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 3) Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$it is nice, mother smile at bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother praise a bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother express bady's behavior$\rfloor$, $\lceil$talk frequently to the bady, the bady :should not be disturbed while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother see a baby face to face , $\lceil$it is nice, mother concentrate one's attention on her baby while playing$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother pat one's baby while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable, the baby is allowed to touch mother's breast while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable to stop feeding, if the baby protrudes one's tongue or cries while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$baby is able to hear, see and smell$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother Concentrate one's attention on her baby while feeding$\rfloor$, and $\lceil$it is not advisable for mother to scold baby while he is crying out> were over a percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$Using' baby talks is bad when mother talks to baby> and $\lceil$it is nice, mother soothes the baby as soon as possible when he is crying I were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 4) There was statistically significant relationship between the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity and the demographic variables of gravida such as the age(p<0.01) and education level(p<0.01). From these results, it may be concluded that gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity is moderate level, and gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity is greater than that of physical care activity. Also prenatal nursing educations should focus on subjects who have lower percentage of right answer in infant care activity knowledge items.dge items.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

최대출력 30 MW, 하나로(HANARO) 다목적 연구용 원자로의 접선 중성자공에 붕소중성자포획치료(Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, BNCT)를 위한 열중성자 조사장치가 개발되었다. BNCT 조사장치에서는 서로 다른 물리적 특성과 생물학적 효과비를 가진 여러 성분의 방사선이 방출되기 때문에 정확한 투여선량을 결정하기 위해서는 각 성분의 정량적 분석이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방사화 분석, 열형광선량계 및 이온전리함 등 여러 유형의 검출기를 사용하여 BNCT 조사장치에서 방출되는 열중성자 및 감마선 혼합장의 선량 성분을 분리, 측정하였다. 선량측정은 물 속에 함유된 불순물과 중성자의 이차반응을 최소화하기 위해 증류수를 채운 물팬텀을 이용하였다. 그리고 측정 결과는 MCNP4B 전산계산의 결과와 상호 비교하였다. 측정 결과 열중성자속은 물팬텀 10 mm와 20 mm 깊이에서 각각 $1.02E9n/cm^2{\cdot}s$과 $6.07E8n/cm^2{\cdot}s$이었고, 고속중성자선량율은 10 mm 깊이에서 0.11 Gy/hr로 미세하였다. 감마선량률은 물팬텀 20 mm 깊이에서 5.10 Gy/hr로 나타났다. 측정된 중성자와 감마선량값은 MCNP의 결과와 5% 이내로 잘 일치하였고, 열중성자속은 14%의 비교오차를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 중성자 검출의 난이도를 고려할 때 충분히 신뢰할 수 있는 수준이라 판단되며, BNCT 임상 연구를 위한 선량평가 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 1994

디피리다몰 부하/휴식 $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 심근 SPECT에 의한 심혈관질환의 진단과 심근분절별 혈류등급의 재현성을 조사하여 판독자의 주관적인 판단이 SPECT 판독에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 디피리다몰 부하/휴식 $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 심근 SPECT와 심혈관 조영술을 2개월이내에 동시에 시행한 환자 131명에서 환자의 임상정보를 모르는 두 명의 판독자가 독립적으로 스캔을 판독하였다. 1) 심혈관조영소견을 기준으로 하였을 때 전체환자 131명에 대한 두명의 판독자의 SPECT진단의 예민도와 특이도는 각각 70%, 73%와 58%, 54%였고 정확도는 67%, 70%로 판독자간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 외래에서 SPECT 검사를 의뢰한 환자와 SPECT를 먼저 시행하고 관동맥조영술을 나중에 시행한 환자에서에서 두 판독자의 스캔진단 정확도가 입원 상태에서 SPECT를 실시한 환자와 관동맥조영술을 먼저 시행한 환자의 경우에서보다 진단정확도가 높았다. 2) 스캔판독시 두명의 판독자간의 심혈관질환의 유무에 대한 최종 스캔진단의 일치도는 93%였으며 각영역별로 구한 일치도는 89%였다. 3) 두 판독자가 29개 심근분절의 혈류에 대해서 부여한 점수는 80%에서 일치하였으며 분절점수간의 상관계수는 0.67이었다. 스캔판독이 일치하였던 경우와 일치하지 않았던 경우의 분절심근점수의 일치도에는 차이가 없어서 스캔판독의 차이가 혈류저하의 정도에 대한 평가의 차이이기보다는 영역별 혈류저하정도에 대하여 유의성여부를 판별하는 주관적 기준의 차이에 의한 것임을 시사하였다. 이상에서 심근 SPECT의 육안평가시 분절별 혈류저하 정도에 대한 평가는 판독자간에 높은 재현성을 보이며 심혈관질환의 유무에 대한 판정은 영역별로 유의한 혈류저하라고 생각하는 신뢰수준(confidence level)의 기준차이에 영향을 받는 것으로 생각되었다. 이러한 판독자별 기준의 차이가 진단에 대한 예민도 및 특이도에 영향을 주므로 분절분석평가방법을 이용하여 개인별로 적절한 평가기준을 설정하는 것이 정확한 SPECT 평가에 도움이 되리라 생각한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

본 연구는 돼지 난포란의 vitrification 동결 시 내동제의 종류 및 농도가 생존율에 미치는 영향과 수정 후 체외발생율을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 1.0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결보존 후의 MII로의 발생율은 각각 $56.7\%,\;53.3\%,\; 63.3\%,\;65.0\%$였으며, diploid로의 발생율은 $23.3\%,\;18.3\%,\;10.0\%,\;3.3\%$로서 대조군의 ME 단계의 $78.2\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났으며 diploid 단계의 $5.5\%$에 비해서는 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 체외발생율은 초기의 미숙 난포란일수록 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 미성숙 난포란을 회수 후 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결 후 융해하였을 때 생존율은 각각 $34.0\%,\;26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 12.0\%,\;10.0\%$로서 비동결 난포란의 $60.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났지만 비교적 양호한 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 미성숙 난포란을 vitrification 동결 융해 후 수정시켰을 때 체외수정율은 $60.0\%,\;54.0\%,\; 48.0\%,\;38.0\%$였으며, 배반포로의 체외발생율은 각각 $26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 8.0\%,\;4.0\%$로서 비동결 대조군의 $78.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮은 체외수정율과 체외발생율을 나타냈다. 4. 돼지 난포란을 EDS와 ETS 액으로 vitrifiestion 동결운해 후 $0\~15$ 시간 배양한 다음 체외수정시켰을 때 체외 수정율과 발생율은 각각 $50.0\%,\;22.0\%$ 및 $46.0\%,\;18.0\%$로서 대조군의 $74.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2014

천마총(황남동 제 155호 고분)에서 출토된 철부(鐵釜)의 제작기법 및 보존처리에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 철부의 제작기법을 조사하기 위하여 유물 중 일부를 채취하여 마운팅 후 연마하고, etching을 실시하여 금속조직을 관찰하였고, 비금속개재물부분은 SEM-EDS로 분석을 실시하였다. 금속학적 조직검사와 SEM-EDS분석 결과 철 솥은 백주철 조직이 관찰되었고, 주조 후 상온에서 서서히 건조시킨 것으로 보이며, 취성을 개선하기 위해 별다른 열처리를 시도한 흔적은 보이지 않는다. 몸통 중심부의 폭3cm 두께 1.5cm 전이 확인됨에 따라서 가로식 거푸집을 활용한 이분제작기법을 사용하여 주조한 것으로 추정된다. 이처럼 백주철 조직과 가로식 거푸집을 활용한 제작기법은 비슷한 시기인 식리총과 황남대총에서 출토 된 철 솥에서도 나타나는 것으로, 당시 주조품의 생산기술이 동일하였음을 알 수 있었다. 보존처리는 크게 처리전조사, 이물질제거, 탈염처리, 강화처리, 접합 복원, 색맞춤의 순서로 진행하였으며, 처리과정 중 필요에 따라 세척 및 건조를 실시하였다. 강화처리는 유물의 크기로 인하여 진공함침에 어려움이 있었으므로, 저농도의 Paraloid NAD-10을 2-3차례 붓으로 도포하였고, 보존처리가 완료된 후 15wt.% Paraloid NAD-10용액으로 표면을 재강화하였다. 파손부위의 복원은 섬유강화플라스틱 수지(POLYCOAT FH-245,몰드 적층용)를 사용하여 파손 부위와 유사한 형태의 모형을 만든 후 접합하여 복원하였다. 이번 연구를 통하여 철제유물의 보존처리뿐만 아니라 5-6세기 주조 철솥의 제작기법에 대한 자료를 축적함으로 향후 보다 나은 연구를 위한 발판으로 활용되었으면 한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.82-95
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• 1980

This paper complies the results of the studies so far made on the subsoil improvement of subsurface drainage systems for wet paddy fields (those were located in the Gum-Ho area in Kyung Buk province) which had poor permeability and a high water table. In general, a drainage problem is an excess of water on the ground surface which can effect the productivity and bearing capacity of the soil. With drain pipe systems, (According to their depths and spacing) it may be possible to correct that problem. The experimentation consisted of three test plots, two of which included drain pipe systems with varing depths and width spacing of the pipes. The third plot (C) was an ordinary plot being exempt of a drain pipe system. In detail, the depth of plot A was 80 cm, and the width spacings began at 2. Om and increased by 2. Om up to 10. 0m. The depth of plot B was 60cm and the width spacing was the same as plot A. These tests were performed to research specific details; such as crop yeild, bearing capacity of the soil, the amount of underdrainage, surface cracks, root distribution, the water table level, the consumptive water depth and the soil moisture content. The test period lasted three years, from 1977 thru 1979. The results obtained were as follows: 1. During the test period, the weather conditions for the area tested were in accordance with the annual average for that area. Furthermore the precipitation factor during the spring cultivation season, the intermediate drainage period and the harvest drainage period was of optimum conditions for controling surface cracks, because of less precipitation than evaporation. 2. The difference in the level of the ground water table in plots A and B was hardly noticable, but the difference in the test plots and the ord. plot was greatly noticable. The test plots (A, B) were 30 to 40cm lower than the ordinary plot. On the whole, the ground water table of the ord. plot always stayed at a level of 15-20cm beneath the surface of the soil, the ground water table of the test plot A showed The difference in the depth of the pipe lower than the test plot B, while the test plots showed a remarkable descending effect. 3. The soil temperature in plot A was slightly core than in plot B with a difference of 0. 47$^{\circ}$C, but plot A was 1. 6$^{\circ}$C higher than the ord. plot during the flooding period, but after drainage the temperature difference climed to 2. 0$^{\circ}$C. 4. During the 3rd test year, the values of the cracks were recorded with the values of 59cm in plot A, 42cm in plot B and 15cm in the ordinary plot. Plots A and B had increased 2.5 times the value of the first year while the ordinary plot had remained the same. 5. The root weight of the rice was measured at a value of 77.2 gr. for plot A, 73.5 gr. for plot B and 65.3 gr. for the ord. plot. Therefore, the root growths in plots A and B were much more energetic than in the ord. plot. 6. The consumptive water depth measured during the 3rd year resulted in the values of 26. 0mm per day for plot A, and 24.9 mm per day for plot B, respectively. Therefore, both plot A and plot B maintained the optimum consumptive water depths, but the ordinary plot only obtained the value of 12.3 mm per day, which clearly showed less than the optimum consumptive water depth which is 20 to 30 mm/day. 7. The soil moisture content is in direct relationship to the ground water level. During drainage, test plot A decreased in its ground water level much more rapidly than the other two plots. Therefore, plot A had a much less soil moisture content. But this decreased water level could be directly effected by the weather conditions. 8. The relationship between the bearing capacity and the soil moisture content were directly inversely proportional. It can be assumed that the occurence of soil creaks is limited by the soil moisture content. Therefore, the greater the progress of the surface creaks resulted in a greater bearing capacity. So, tast plot A with a greater amount of surface cracks than the other test plots resulted in a greater bearing capacity. But, the bearing capacity at the harvest season could be effected by the drainage during the intermediate drainage period and by the weather conditions. 9. Comparing the production of the test plots to the ord. plot; there was an increased value of 840kg for plot A, 755kg for plot B and 695kg for the ord. plot in the rough rice. Therefore, plot A had an increase of 20% over the ordinary plot. The possibility of producing double crops was investigated. The effects on barley production in the test plots showed a value of 367kg per 10 acres, which substantiated the possibility of double crops because that value showed an increased value over the average yearly yield for those uplands. 10. So as a result, it can be recommended that by including a drain pipe system with the optimum conditions of an (80cm centimeter) depth and a (l0m) spacing will have a definite positive effect on the over all production capacity and quality of wetpaddy fields.