• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2001

쌀겨시용량 및 시용시기가 벼 생육환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 포장시험은 미사질양토(전북통)에서 쌀겨 무시용, 쌀겨 1.8 Mg/ha(1.8RB). 쌀겨 3.5 Mg/ha (3.5RB)등 3처리구와 질소수비구를 두어 벼 이앙후 5일에 쌀겨를 표면처리 하였다. 포트 시험은 쌀겨 처리시기를 이앙후 5일, 10일, 15일, 20일 처리 등 4처리를 두어 벼 수량, 잡초 발생량, 토양특성 및 수질 등을 검토하였다. 쌀겨 시용 시 논물 중 EC, $NO_3\;^-$의 농도는 시용후 25일까지 높게 유지되었고, 그후에는 감소되었다. 지하침투수중 양분 용출량은 $NO_3\;^-$, $K^+$가 많았고, 쌀겨 시용량이 많을수록 약간 증가되었다. 또한 토양 중 질소함량은 3.5RB시용에서 $NH_4-N$는 화학비료 시용보다 적은 반면, $NO_3-N$는 약간 많았으며, 1.8RB에서는 $NH_4-N$는 화학비료 시용보다 50%정도 적었으나 $NO_3-N$는 비슷한 수준이었다. 쌀겨 시용시 잡초 발생양상은 쌀겨 시용량이 많을수록 잡초발생수가 적이 3.5RB 시용은 화학비료대비 68%까지 감소되었다. 쌀겨처리시기별 잡초발생은 이앙후 5일 처리에서 잡초발생량이 제일 적었으며 처리시기가 늦을수록 잡초 발생량이 많았다. 쌀겨 시용량별 벼 수량은 1.8 RB 단용처리에서 4.41 Mg/ha, 3.5 RB에서는 4.87 Mg/ha정도였으나, 1.8 RB 및 3.5 RB에 질소수비 처리구는 쌀겨단용처리보다 $14{\sim}15%$ 증수되었다. 쌀겨 시용 시기별수량은 이앙후 5일처리에서 제일 높았고, 쌀겨처리 시기가 늦을수록 벼 수량이 점점 떨어지는 경향이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world's growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, $NO_3$-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$ increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

Relationship between structure and biological activity was performed using the five substance P-related peptides (SPRPs) [mammalian-SP (M-SP), cod-SP (C-SP), trout-SP (T-SP), lungfish-SP (L-SP) and Ranakinin] and four SP analogs [[$His^5$]-SP (5H-SP), [$Gly^5$]-SP (5G-SP), ($Ile^8$)-SP (8I-SP) and ($Trp^8$)-Ranakinin (8W-Ranakinin)]. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that all of the peptides took an unordered structure in buffer solution and artificial liposomes. However, 8W-Ranakinin undergoes conformational changes by being transferred into neutral and acidic liposomes from an unordered structure to more ordered structure. The arterial relaxing effect of the peptides was also studied with guinea-pig aorta (GPA), As a result of the studies, L-SP was about 14-fold more potant than M-SP. The order of potency compared to $EC_{50}$ value was $L-SP{\gg}M-SP>5G-SP{\ge}8I-SP>5H-SP>T-SP$, C-SP, Ranakinin, 8W-Ranakinin.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2000

Optimal Pressable Ceramic is one of the all-ceramic restorations with a shaded translucent pressed core and layering porcelains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal fidelity according to margin types and measurement sites, and to evaluate fracture strength according to margin types. Twenty seven OPC crowns made according to 3 types of cervical finishing lines were used in this study. Marginal gaps were measured before and after cementation. A Steromicroscope(SZ-ST(R), Olympus, Japan) was used to measure the space between the margin of OPC crown and the finishing line of metal model. Marginal gaps were measured at the labial, mesial, lingual and distal site, which were demonstrated in advance. Fracture strength testing was carried out using an Instron(Model M100EC, Mecmesin, England) at a cross head speed of 5 mm/min. All crowns were loaded until catastrophic failures occurred. The result were as follow: 1. In comparison according to variable margin before cementation, the marginal gap were increased in chamfer margin($47.50{\pm}18.39{\mu}m$), $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin ($55.21{\pm}14.4{\mu}m$) and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin($71.18{\pm}13.30{\mu}m$) in ascending order, and there were significant differences between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin, $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin and between $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin respectively(p<0.05). 2. In comparison according to variable margin after cementation, the gap discrepancies were increased in chamfer margin($60.78{\pm}30.37{\mu}m$), $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin($66.67{\pm}11.18{\mu}m$) and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin($85.78{\pm}17.23{\mu}m$) in ascending order, but there was significant difference only between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin(p<0.05). 3. Labio-lingual points showed a better marginal fidelity than that of proximal point(p<0.05). 4. Chamfer margin($48.76{\pm}8.45kgf$) showed higher fracture strength than $120^{\circ}$ shoulder margin($40.57{\pm}7.90kgf$) and $90^{\circ}$ shoulder margin(32.7.90kgf) (p<0.05), but there was significant difference only between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$ shoulder margin(p<0.05).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.485-490
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• 1999

The mechanism of action of fish oil (FO), currently used in different chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is not completely understood, although it is thought that it could alter the metabolism of endogenous autacoids. In addition, we hypothesized that the known capability of fatty acids (FA) of stabilizing serum albumin and perhaps other proteins, may be of pharmacological relevance considering that it is shared by other anti-rheumatic agents (e.g. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs). Thus, we studied the effect of oral administration of FO and corn oil (CO), a vegetable oil with a different composition, on the stability of rat serum proteins, evaluated buy a classical in vitro method based on heat-induced protein denaturation. FO, and, to a lower extent, CO inhibited heat-induced denaturation of rat serum (RS): based on the inhibitory activity (EC50) of the major fatty acids against heat-induced denaturation of RS in vitro, it was possible to speculate the in vivo effects of palmitic acid (C16:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) may be more relevant than that of linolenic acid (C18:2). To better investigate this phenomenon, we extracted albumin from the serum of animals treated or not with FO with a one-step affinity chromatography technique, obtaining high purity rat serum albumin preparations (RSA-CTRL and RSA-FO), as judged by SDS-PAGE with Coomassie blue staining. When these RSA preparations were heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, it was noted that RSA-FO was much more stable than RSA-CTRL, presumably due to higher number of long chain fatty acids (FA) such as palmitic acid or EPA. In conclusion, we provided evidences that oral administration of FO in the rat stabilizes serum albumin, due to an increase in the number of protein bound long chain fatty acids (e.g. palitic acid and EPA). We speculate that the stabilization of serum albumin and perhaps other proteins could prevent changes of antigenicity due to protein denaturation and glycosylation, which may trigger pathological autoimmune responses, suggesting that this action may be involved in the mode of action of FO in RA and other chronic inflammatory diseases.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

Biochar is the carbon solid produced through the pyrolysis of a biomass from organic sources such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and sludge under limited or anaerobic conditions. Biochar has the effect of reducing greenhouse gases through the carbon sequestration method; additionally, biochar is known to function as a soil amendment. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biochar on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 50 days in a glasshouse in pots. A pruning branch was used to produce the bead and pellet forms of biochar through pyrolysis. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 5% by weight. The Chinese cabbage with the 2% treatment of the bead form of biochar had the highest fresh weight ($149.43{\pm}15.92g\;plant^{-1}$) which was increased by 10% compared to the control ($136.91{\pm}31.46g\;plant^{-1}$). Moreover, for the 5% treatment of the bead form of biochar ($60.91{\pm}9.82g\;plant^{-1}$), the growth decreased by 57% compared to the control. As the content of the bead form of biochar increased, the shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and lead width that appeared decreased. An increase in the total organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Ex. cation and EC was observed when the biochar content was increased. Our results support the application of 2% biochar in the bead form for increased growth of Chinese cabbage.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1993

Tetracycline계 약제가, 류마치양 관절염을 비롯한 염증성 질환들의 주된 병인으로 알려지고있는 호중구 elastase의 활성도를 억제하였으며, 특히 oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, 그리고 tetracycline 등은 분자 구조적 차이에 따라 elastase의 효소 활성도에 대하여 다양한 억제율을 나타내었다. 측쇄 구조의 5번 위치에 $OH{^-}$기가 첨가된 oxytetracycline이 가장 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 억제 양상에 있어서도 tetracycline이 비경쟁적 저해 형태를 보인 반면에, oxytetracycline은 경쟁적 저해 형태를 나타내었으며, Ki값은 각각 4.9mM과 0.39mM로 산출 되었다. 또한 항균 효과를 나타내는 활성 부위를 제거시킨 de-dimethylaminotetracycline을 합성하여 효소 활성도 억제 실험에 사용한 결과, tetracycline과 유사한 효소 억제 작용을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이상의 연구 결과에서, tetracycline의 효소 활성도 억제 작용은 항균 효과를 나타내는 활성 부위와 상관없이 독립된 기전에 의해서 일어나는 약리 작용이며, 측쇄 구조의 $OH{^-}$기가 이 작용에 영향을 주는 일부 원인인 것으로 추정할 수 있으며, 이를 tetracycline계 약제가 염증 부위에서 나타내는 분자 단계에서의 새로운 약리 기전으로 제시하고자 한다. 또한 de-dimethylaminotetracycline은 항균제의 장기 사용시에 발생할 수 있는 저항균의 출현과는 무관하므로, 다른 부작용에 대한 연구가 선행될 경우, elastase에 의해 야기되는 만성 질환들의 치료제로써 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.775-779
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• 2002

보리를 식용으로 하기 위해 도정, 할맥 또는 압맥 등으로 가공처리시 연마정도에 따라 도정부산물로 발생되는 bran $I{\sim}III$ 뿐 만 아니라, 배아, 파쇄립으로부터 폴리페놀 추출물을 얻은 다음 몇 가지 식품학적 특성을 조사하였다. n-Hexane으로 탈지시킨 bran 및 배아 시료를 75% 에탄올로 추출 여과 후 Sepabead-SP850 수지를 사용하여 얻어진 폴리페놀 획분의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 bran I이 43.68%로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 획분별 폴리페놀 화합물의 유형을 HPLC로 살펴본 결과 항산화 및 항변이원성효과가 매우 높은 것으로 알려진 proanthocyanins와 prodelphinidin 다량체로 추정하였다. 획분별 추출물의 항산화 효과를 DPPH radical 소거활성으로 조사한 결과 bran I의 $EC_{50}$이 1.59 mg/mL로 가장 높았으며 다음은 배아 > bran II > bran III 의 순이었다. 시료농도 0.01% 수준의 농도에서 ACE 저해작용은 배아가 40.04%로 가장 높았고, 아질산염 소거작용은 모든 획분에서 70% 이상의 소거능을 나타내었으며 SOD 유사활성은 bran I과 II에서 $64{\sim}78%$ 내외의 활성을 보여 보리 폴리페놀 추출물의 기능성 식품소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1052-1058
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• 2005

미세조류(microalgae)인 Schizochytrium sp.로부터 유래된 조류유(250 g)와 식물성 유지인 대두유(250 g)의 혼합 유지를 기질로 하고, sn-1,3 위치에 특이적으로 작용하는 Lipozyme RM IM(Rhizomucor miehei, EC 3.1.1.3)을 이용한 interesterification에 의해 회분식 반응기$(65^{\circ}C,\;300 rpm,\;15hr)$에서 재구성 지질을 합성하였다. 합성 된 재구성 지질의 주요 지방산 조성은 DHA$(15.7\;mol\%)$와 linoleic acid$(31.1\;mol\%)$, palmitic acid$(20.2\;mol\%)$, oleic acid$(13.5\;mol\%)$ 및 $EPA(6.6\;mol\%)$로 분석되었으며, linoleic aicd와 DHA가 sn-2 위치에서 높은 함량을 차지하였다. Normal-phase HPLC 분석결과 재구성지질은 $87.1\;area\%$의 TAG와 $12.1\;area\%$의 DAG 형태와 같은 중성지질로 구성되어 있었다. Reversed-phase HPLC 분석 결과 재구성 지질의 $PN=20\~22(10.3\;area\%),\;PN=24\~32(53.1\;area\%)$ 및 $PN=36\~48(36.6\;area\%)$ peaks내에 각각 PN=20, PN=22, PN=28, PN=30, PN=34, PN=38, PN=42를 가지고 재구성 지 질 함량의 약 $50.5\;area\%$를 차지하며 반응기질과 구별된 새로운 peaks가 합성에 의해 생성되었음을 확인하였다 재구성지질의 요오드가는 고도의 불포화도를 가지는 조류유(274.0)보다 약 $25\%$ 낮아진 206.7을 나타내었으며, 분자량을 설명하는 비누화 값이 183.8, 산가는 반응기질과 같은 0.3 이하의 측정값을 나타내었다. 재구성지질의 Hunter color $L^{\ast}(\pm\;lightness/darkness)$ 값은 13.8로 측정되었으며, $b^{\ast}(\pm,\;yellowness/blueness)$ 값은 13.8로 측정되었으며, $b^{\ast}(\pm,\;yellowness/blueness)$ 값은 반응기질보다 유의적으로 가장 높은 55.1을 나타내었다(p<0.05).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate potential use of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) as a new vegetable crop which will be cultivating in salt-affected soils including reclaimed land. Traditionally New Zealand spinach has been studied to explore functional compound or salt removing potential. To cultivate the crop species in the salt-affected soil widely, it is essential to obtain salt and soil texture responses under the controlled environment. Fifty nine New Zealand spinach ecotypes native to Korean peninsula first collected over seashore areas, and primitive habitat soil environment was evaluated by analyzing soil chemical properties from 32 locations. Different textures of sandy, silt loam, and sandy loam soils were prepared from nearby sources of sea shore, upland and paddy soils, respectively. Target salinity levels of 16.0 dS/m, 27.5 dS/m, 39.9 dS/m, and 52.4 dS/m in electrical conductivity (ECw) were achieved by diluting of 25, 50, 75, 100% (v/v) sea water to tap water (control, 0.6 dS/m), respectively. Various measurements responding to soil texture and irrigation salinity included plant height, root length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), leaf parameters (leaf number, leaf length, leaf width), lateral branching, and inorganic ion content. was found to adapt to diverse habitats ranging various soil chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable bases, EC, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Korea. Responding to soil texture, New Zealand spinach grew better in silt loam and sandy loam soil than in sandy soil. Higher yield (FW and DW) seemed to be associated with branch number (r=0.99 and 0.99, respectively), followed by plant height (r=0.94 and 0.97, respectively) and leaf number (r=0.89 and 0.84, respectively). Plant height, FW, and DW of the New Zealand spinach accessions were decreased with increasing irrigation salinity, while root length was not significantly different compared to control. Based on previous report, more narrow spectrum of salinity range (up to 16 dS/m) needs to be further studied in order to obtain more accurate salinity responses of the plant. As expected, leaf Na content was increased significantly with increasing salinity, while K and Ca contents decreased. Growth responses to soil texture and irrigation salinity implied the potential use of New Zealand spinach as a leafy vegetable in salt-affected soil constructed with silt loam or sandy loam soils.