• Title/Summary/Keyword: ECOSYSTEM OF RIVER

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Perception on Impact of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystem in Protected Area of West Bengal, India

  • Dey, Tanusri;Pala, Nazir A.;Shukla, Gopal;Pal, Prabhat K.;Chakravarty, Sumit
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2017
  • In the present exploration we identified perception of forest dependent communities in relation to impact of climate change on forest ecosystem in and around Chilapatta reserve forest in northern part of West Bengal, India. Purposive sampling method was used for selection of area and random sampling method was used for selection of respondent. The data collection in this study was through questionnaire based personal in-depth interviews. Almost all the respondents (94%) were farmers and rest had occupation other than farming. Almost all the respondents perceived negative impact of climate change on forest though the level of perception varies from very low to medium (0.23-0.52) based on average perception score after assigning score to individual statements. The level of perception on impact of climate change on forest ecology and forest flora of the community is low and very low as the average perception score is 0.39 and 0.23, respectively while, it is medium (0.52) for forest fauna. Alternately their perception on decreased stream/river flow and quick drying of seasonal streams or water bodies is based on their livelihood experience as they depend on these for their domestic and irrigation water use and fish catch for family diet.

Preliminary Design for Preparing a Natural Learning and Experimental Area in Bukchun and Boundary(I) - Analysis of Riverbed, Atmospheric and Ecological Environment- (북천지역 자연학습 체험단지 초성을 위한 기본 계획(I) -하상분석, 대기질 및 생태분석-)

  • 정종현;최석규;조세환
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.23-39
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    • 2002
  • This study focuses on the structure of geographical conditions, the riverbed, the meterological and atmospheric examination, the ecological environment, the food chain and the ecosystem, in order to establish a basic plan for preparing a natural learning area of environmental ecosystem in Bukchun and its surroundings, Gyeongju. The results could be summarized as follows. Bukchun is a first grade which extends 6km along the road from Bomun bridge to the junction of Hyungsangang. The basin area is 7.10$\textrm{km}^2$ and the slope is 1/200~1/300. Gyeongju has good atmospheric conditions, i.e. SO$_2$0.011 ~0.017ppm, CO 0.8~ 1.5ppm, NO$_2$0.013~0.019ppm, $O_3$0.013~0.020ppm, TSP 85~142$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, PM-10 47~90$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and Pb 0.057 ~0.129$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, which is below the annual and daily averages, and is little lower than those of Pohang and Ulsan. The ecosystem of Bukchun is based on the structure of the food chain, which includes birds such as the grey and white herons at the top of the food chain. This study also considers the development of the river's in terms of culture, environment and ecology concept.

Vegetation survey in nature-friendly small streams for each protection method (자연형 소하천의 호안공법별 식생분포 조사)

  • Lee, Kang-Suk;Park, Jin-Ki;Yeon, Gyu-Bang;Park, Jong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 2011
  • Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected nature-friendly small stream bank protection of Goesan, central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods which was nature-friendly stream bank protection. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which were a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo-green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about vegetation conditions each method in 2007. We selected six points to separately investigate in left and right bank. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, H environment block method (9.7) was the highest average of vegetation coverage and Firefly block method (3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

Ecological Design of Estuarine Environment (하구환경의 생태적 설계)

  • 양홍모
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.167-181
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    • 1995
  • An Ecocomplex is proposed for ecological design of the estuarine environment of Han River, which is designed upon an alternative mamagement concept of estuarine environment. The concept reveals interrelationships among estuary, delta region and urban inland with inputs/outputs and feedbacks among them. The Ecocomplex emphasizes an integration of wastewater treatment with aquaculture, agriculture and recreation, and carries out ecological treatment, recycling, and harvest processes. A module of wastewater treatment pond system is employed in the Ecocomplex, which treats a flow of 3,786 ㎥/day and is composed of a four-facultative-pond series. Treatment ponds stabilize wastewater discharged from the urban area, and concurrently produce algae for commercial or recreational fish farming. Effluent from treatment and fish ponds is reused for agricultural production. Through the waste-algae-fish-vegetable-recreation processes, wastewater from the urban settlement is recycled back to the urban ecosystem. This resource-conserving design approach can maintain a sustainable urban ecosystem, managing an estuarine environment more naturally, healthly, and economically.

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Design of Lake Ecological Observation Data Management

  • Ahn, Bu-Young;Jung, Young-Jin;Lee, Myung-Sun;Jeong, Choong-Kyo;Kim, Bom-Chul
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2011
  • To protect water pollution and scarcity in lake and river, water quality monitoring applications have become important tools to understand the change of aquatic ecosystem. KLEON (Korean Lake Ecological Observatory Network) is designed to manage and share the ecological observations. The various kinds of water quality and phytoplankton observations are collected from the selected observatories such as seven lakes/rivers/wetlands. To deeply understand the collected observations with weather, KLEON also manages the observatory information such as lake, dam, floodgate, and weather. The accumulated observation and analyzed results are used to improve the water quality index of the observatories and encourage the ecologists' cooperation.

Ecological and Geomorphic Fallout of Escalating River Mining Activities: A Review

  • Sk. Rakibul Islam;Rafi Uddin;Miftahul Zannat;Jahangir Alam
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.293-303
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    • 2024
  • River mining, the extraction of sand and gravel from riverbeds, is rising at an alarming rate to keep pace with the increasing demand for construction materials worldwide. The far-reaching deleterious effects of river mining include the lowering of water levels, the augmentation of turbidity, and the erosion of riverbanks, i.e., the disruption of water flow and alteration of river morphology. Aggregates demand, geolocation, and the economy of Bangladesh accelerated illegal extraction. However, limited research has been carried out in this region, despite the severe impact on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To address the corresponding consequences and direct the scope for further research, it is required to evaluate existing studies of other countries having similarities in river morphology, climate, economy, and other related parameters. In this respect, based on previous studies, the effects of sand extraction are particularly prominent in India, having 54 cross-boundary rivers with Bangladesh. The geological profile of numerous rivers in the past decades has been altered due to natural aggregate mining in the Indian subcontinent. Hence, this study focused on relevant research in this region. However, the existing research only focuses on the regional portion of the aforementioned international rivers, which lacks proper assessments of these rivers, taking into account especially the mining effects. Moreover, several global rivers that have similarities with Bangladeshi rivers, considering different parameters, are also included in this study. The findings of this article underline the pressing need for more efficacious measures to address the adverse effects of river mining and safeguard ecosystems and communities globally, especially in the Indian subcontinent, where the situation is particularly vulnerable. For this reason, targeting the aforementioned region, this review highlights the global evidence in assessing the future effects of river mining and the need for further research in this field.

Relationship between Migratory Timing of Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) into the Wangpi River and Coastal Environment of the Mid-eastern Coastal Water of Korea (동해 중부 연안에서 연어(Oncorhynchus keta)가 왕피천으로 이동하는 시기와 연안 환경간의 관계)

  • Kim, Beom-Sik;Jung, Yong-Woo;Jung, Hae-Kun;Lee, Chung Il
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1067-1079
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    • 2021
  • The coastal water is a space where salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), critical energy-conveying mediator, stay to adapt to different environments while traveling between ocean and river ecosystems for spawning and growth. The mid-eastern coast of Korea (MECW) is the southern limit of salmon distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Understanding the distribution and migration characteristics of salmon in the MECW is important for the prediction of changes in the amount and distribution of salmon related to changes in the future marine environment. We analyzed the relationship between the salmon migratory timing ascending the Wangpi river and change in vertical seawater temperature and tidal elevation. Overall results highlight that (1) Salmon began to ascend the river when the sea surface water temperature (SST) decreased below 20℃; (2) The number of salmon ascending the river increased when the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers decreased, but decreased when the temperature difference was higher than 5℃; (3) The number of salmon ascending the river peaked, when the SST was 18℃-19℃ and sea levels rose at high tide. This study provide important insight into predicting changes in the ecosystem energy circulation through climate change at its southern distribution limit.

A Study on Taehwa River Red Tide Solution through Stream Flow (유수소통을 통한 태화강 적조해결 방안 연구)

  • Cho, Hong-Je;Yoon, Sung-Kyu
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.363-375
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    • 2011
  • Recently, Water quiality of urban river largely have gotten better by virtue of sewer pipe laying and sewage treatment plants construction. or the various contaminants which is flowed in into river have generated underwater ecosystem disturbance and red tide by lack of sewage and waste water disposal facilities. With tidal river, taehwa river of ulsan metropolitan city has large river width and gradual stream bed gradient at the dry and storage period. Moreover, the flow is paralyzed due to the bridge pier protection work, consist of the mat foundation which is about 1.2km from two bridge and the contaminant is accumulated. it is caused by of the red tide generated from the several years or it activates. In this study, When flow area is largest by changing independent footing of bridge pier of two bridges and using RMA2 model, we hydraulically analyzed a variable breadth of velocity and discharge. Consequently, flow rate increased the maximum 103%, discharge was exposed to increase the maximum 61%. Directly this cannot extinguish the red tide but suppresses the red tide occurrence or can reduce. And it is determined to prevent the depositioning of the contaminant and can control fundamentally the red tide occurrence cause.

Spatially Distributed Model for Soil Loss Vulnerability Assessment in Mekong River Basin

  • Thuy, H.T.;Lee, Giha;Lee, Daeeop;Sophal, Try
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.188-188
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    • 2016
  • The Mekong which is one of the world's most significant rivers plays an extremely important role to South East Asia. Lying across six riparian countries including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam and being a greatly biological and ecological diversity of fishes, the river supports a huge population who living along Mekong Basin River. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the giant Mekong Basin River, particularly, the soil erosion and sedimentation problems which rise critical impacts on irrigation, agriculture, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystem. In fact, there have been many methods to calculate these problems; however, in the case of Mekong, the available data have significant limitations because of large area (about 795 00 km2) and a failure by management agencies to analyze and publish of developing countries in Mekong Basin River. As a result, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model in a GIS (Geographic Information System) framework was applied in this study. The USLE factors contain the rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, steepness, crop management and conservation practices which are represented by raster layers in GIS environment. In the final step, these factors were multiplied together to estimate the soil erosion rate in the study area by using spatial analyst tool in the ArcGIS 10.2 software. The spatial distribution of soil loss result will be used to support river basin management to find the subtainable management practices by showing the position and amount of soil erosion and sediment load in the dangerous areas during the selected 56- year period from 1952 to 2007.

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Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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