• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.762-769
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• 2008

Each nation of the world is competing aiming for the growth of economy and quality of life, and, knowledge based economic system is accelerated. So, R&D is continuously propelled for possession of technology is core in the knowledge based economic system. Our government is investing R&D but efficiency is the continuous theme of the study. Also, government's railway R&D made visible fruits and analyze that.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.91-116
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• 2020

As a project appraisal tool, the preliminary feasibility study (PFS) has contributed to enhancing the efficiency of public investment decision-making in the Republic of Korea over the last two decades. To overcome the limitations of the efficiency-oriented cost-benefit analysis, the PFS accommodates equity concerns among regions, namely balanced regional development (BRD) analysis. This study attempts to gauge the contributions of BRD analysis to PFS results. Specifically, it addresses how effectively policy efforts to promote decision-making have been implemented in the PFS stage while also considering the balance between equity and efficiency in terms of the trade-off between them, the degree to which they influence the results, and whether the consideration of equity is in fact actually reflected in seriously underdeveloped regions as intended. The study finds that the PFS results over the last two decades have been largely in line with the background and policy objectives. Based on the findings of the study, needs for institutional improvement are suggested, including enhancements in the analysis of regional economic ripple effects and taking into account the psychological factors pertaining to the evaluators in the overall judgment.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-178
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• 2004

For a thorough accounting for economic growth, it is desired to include the working hours and the efficiency of labor as production factors in addition to the number of workers and human and physical capital stocks. This paper estimates the distribution of weekly working hours of total workers as a continuous variable using the maximum likelihood method, estimates the efficiency of labor as a function of working hours using wage statistics, and by combining these results, estimates the labor efficiency index in Korea for the period 1963~2003. Estimation results show that the efficiency of labor was maximized when the weekly working hours was 40 hours, and the average annual growth rate of the labor efficiency for the period 1963~2003 was 0.14 percent.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

This research aims to test, firstly, how the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) helps to moderate the effect of family ownership on investment efficiency; secondly, how CSR disclosures mediate the effect of corporate governance on investment efficiency. STATA was used to analyze archival data collected from a total sample of 210 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), which were in the family businesses category for the period of 2016-2018. The first finding is that CSR moderates the effect of family ownership on investment efficiency. This implies that family businesses are very careful about investing. They will avoid risky decisions that may increase the economic wealth, but reduce the socio-emotional wealth. To maintain socio-emotional wealth, they tend to choose an underinvestment strategy and are more concerned with the prestige and good reputation of their families and dynasties than with economic wealth. Thus, CSR disclosures can reduce the underinvestment strategy of family businesses listed on the IDX. The second finding is that CSR disclosures are able to mediate the effect of corporate governance on investment efficiency. CSR activities play a major role in decision-making, and through CSR disclosures, corporate governance has a greater effect on investment efficiency.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the policy implications of establishing a compact city in Seoul, analyzing whether it is an appropriate and efficient eco-friendly housing supply alternative. Research design, data, and methodology: The analysis criteria include efficiency, safety, and comfort, with efficiency encompassing economic, energy, and public transport links' efficiency. Safety and comfort are aspects of eco-friendliness, housing safety, and improvement in living environments. Results: In terms of economic efficiency, compact cities are a less expensive option than purchasing land for housing construction. To increase energy efficiency, we plan to adopt eco-friendly energy sources. Transportation efficiency is high in locations near public transport stations. To enhance safety and comfort, we intend to create large-scale parks and forests in Seoul. To ensure residential safety, measures will be taken to reduce road vibration, vehicle noise, and scattering dust. Conclusions: Selecting an appropriate location that provides convenient public transportation is essential for creating a compact city for housing in a large city. Combining a compact and smart city is necessary, and implementing smart technologies is needed to prevent dust, noise, and vibrations, which are undesirable in a residential environment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to Investigate the productive efficiency and competitive strength of world container ports using the DEA, Super-efficiency, and FDH methods with the raw data from previous research by Jun et al.(1993). The super-efficiency measure examines the maximal radial change In input, outputs for an observation to remain efficient. Therefore, it provides a means of distinguishing between efficient observations, which would otherwise seem identical. FDH provides a good test mechanism for examining the practical implications of the choice available among alternative efficiency measures and orientations, because of the lack of convexity of its production possibility set. Both methods are complementary to DEA. This paper follows the traditional productivity analysis method overcoming the limitation of previous studies by using the DEA, FDH and Super-efficiency methods, and proposing in measure the relative competitive strength of worldwide container ports. The main empirical results of this paper are as follows: Firstly the ports of Singapore, Hongkong, Kilrung, Busan, Tokyo. and Longbeach were found to be efficient In the CCR model. The ports of Felixstowe, Bangkok, Singapore, Hongkong, Kilung, Busan, Tokyo, and Longbeach were found to be efficient in the BCC model. Secondly, super. efficiency rankings under CRS and input-oriented model are as follows: Longbeach, Keelung, Singapore, Busan, Tokyo, and Honkong. However, it was difficult In differenciate the rankings under the VRS and input-oriented model. due to major difficulties posed by the ports of Singapore, Hongkong, and Longbeach. Thirdly, the FDH method shows that the inefficient ports are Bremerhaven, Antwerp, Le Havre, Kobe, Seattle, New York The policy Implications of this study are as follows: Firstly, when port authorities want to measure the international competitive strength of container ports and enhance their productive efficiency, they should consider the traditional method as well as introducing the Super-efficiency and FDH methods. Secondly, according to the analysis results of the super-efficiency and FDH methods, poll authorities should recommend benchmarks ports and dominated ports as reference ports in order to enhance the productive efficiency of their container ports that have an efficiency rating of less than 1. Efficient ports whose efficiency ratings are over 1 in the Input-oriented Super-efficiency model should also consider the usage of input and output elements used by more efficient ports.

• IE interfaces
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2010

The SMB supercomputing service provides a supercomputing infrastructure for Small and Medium-sized Business (SMB) to enhance the efficiency of product development activity. In this study, the economic value of SMB supercomputing service is presented. The economic value of service is comprised of a direct and an indirect economic value. A direct economic value was estimated based on the result of user survey on service effectiveness. The input-output analysis method was adopted to estimate an indirect economic value induced from a direct economic value. The future economic value based on the result of user demand survey is also presented. As a result, the annual and future economic value of service were estimated about 55,215 million won and 323,928 million won, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.25-46
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• 2008

By using data envelopment analysis(DEA) this research measures the efficiency of Korea's five seaports and their Malmquist productivity from 1997 to 2006. Under the assumption of CRS(constant returns to scale) and VRS(various returns to scale), seaports' rankings of efficiency are measured. Busan port is confirmed as a best-performed port in the various measurements. Important finding facts are as follows. 1)Busan, lncheon and Ulsan seaports are efficient ports under the assumption of CRS and VRS. 2)Gwangyang port shows 4.3% lower efficiency level compared with efficient ports. 3)Pohang port shows 27.3% lower efficiency level compared with efficient ports. 4)Average total factor productivity of Korea's five ports has been lower at the rate of 3.1% during the period from 1997 to 2006. Main policy implications are 1)Busan port is more efficient than Gwangyang port, which reflects the difference of economic activities between two regional econmies. 2)During the period 1997-2006, Korea's five largest ports has experienced lower efficiency levels in the first half period because of the 1997 Korean Financial Crisis, but higher efficiency levels in the second half period because of economic recovery. In future research the more and better data will be expected to improve the understanding of Korean seaports' efficiency characteristics.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate economic anxiety, self-efficacy, and financial stress levels in middle-aged male and identify factors affecting financial stress and provide baseline data for the development of nursing interventions to reduce financial stress in middle-aged male. Methods : Participants were 91 middle-aged male who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data collection period was from April 1, 2020, to May 1. In this study, the questionnaire of economic anxiety, self-efficiency, financial stress was used. The data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum correlation and regression using SPSS version 21.0. Results : In this study, the financial stress of middle-aged male affected economic anxiety with significant results (β=.628, p<.001). The absolute model's explanatory power was 36.8 % (adjusted R2=.368), indicating that economic anxiety affects financial stress levels in middle-aged male (F=27.151, p<.001). Conclusion : This study shows that economic anxiety affects financial stress. Based on the research results, basic data for the development and application of nursing programs to reduce financial stress were presented in consideration of the economic anxiety of middle-aged males. Therefore, there is a need for mediation to help middle-aged men positively recognize real-life situations and changes in society. Such mediation involves the development and application of educational and counseling programs that can reduce financial stress and economic anxiety in middle-aged men.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Government Geothermal Cooling-Heating Projects has made efforts to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) emissions and to manage cost of greenhouse farm households. This study evaluated the economic benefits of heating load rate of change by comparing Geothermal Cooling-Heating System with the existing system(greenhouse diesel heating) in the Government Geothermal Cooling-Heating Projects. Economic analysis results shows that, 1) When installing the Cooling-Heating system according to the ratio of 70% heating load in policy standards, the geothermal cooling-heating system has economic efficiency with greenhouse type or scale independent because the investment cost is recovered within 7 years. And It was more economic efficiency the ratio of 50% heating load than70% heating load. 2) When installing the Cooling-Heating system according to the glass greenhouse of the ratio of 90% heating load, pay period of investment cost is recovered within 5 years. Therefore it is necessary to apply flexible heating sharing according to greenhouse type or scale.