• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2005

The objectives of this research is searching for the improvement scheme of spacial use of the Nature Environmental Conservation and its Utilization Facility through the analysis of those existing facilities from the structural and operational view points. In this study, firstly, analysis is commencing with the distinction of lawful and operational concepts of Nature Environmental Conservation and its Utilization Facility. In law, the concept is defined as an individual facility, while practical use of the concept has been understood as a collective space itself. Secondly, frequency tables in regard to the duration of the construction, types of location and objectives, and facility numbers are prepared on the basis of 53 cases of completed and under construction facilities. Conclusively, through the comparisons of facilities of Korea, United Kingdom and Germany, the future considerations on the improvement of the facilities in light of structural and operational aspects has been recommended. In structural view, ecological conservation aspect should be considered from the planning stage of the facility. And at the operational stage, various considerations should be given to the employment of facility experts and development of educational programs respectively.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

In the 21st century, Korea had radical economic development with accelerating urban sprawl, and following declination with social polarization. City declination makes socially vulnerable people unstable and increase homelessness. The projects revitalizing decayed area utilize local idle spaces to build new facility with creative supportive programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze inclusive characteristics of a supportive housing 'The Brook'. A field visit walk through observation and in-depth interview were utilized as research methods. The information of a representative supportive housing field will promote understanding the concept, and create base for further research. As results, state and knowhow of information concerning housing first policy, active government investment, space planning, management, social integration, service providing, architecture and so on offered to facilitate inclusive insights. In conclusion, the characteristics of supportive housing were realistically analyzed through a field research. This research is significant to introduce initially the effective supportive housing which has been practiced for 30 years in USA to that needs alternatives for the socially vulnerable in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2014

Crimes occurring in residential areas make an atmosphere of anxiety and are spread throughout the whole society as well as the residential areas, regardless of the number of crimes and how serious they are. Thus, due to their huge negative impact on the whole society, it is crucial to relieve anxiety of residents from the crimes occurring in the residential areas, which plays an important role in determining the quality of a residential environment. Before conducting the research, 18 apartment complexes in Daejeon constructed since 2006 were chosen to apply six principles of CPTED. The main purpose of the research is to observe main spaces in residential areas and analyze crime prevention environment in order to find out safe spatial composition. The data of the research demonstrate the main spaces and their composition. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish accurate data and a new evaluation method in order to obtain objective statistics and data. Furthermore, a study on development of safety and amenity of residential areas should be continued.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

In order for effective heat island reduction policies to be proposed, this research made use of the land usage and land coverage and Temperature of cities, Coordinate axis data within 500 meters of nationwide automatic weather stations (478 points) in order to analyze the correlation of summertime temperatures through multiple regression analysis. This research also developed a model and empirically analyzed the urban heat island reduction effect of factors that affect regional temperatures. Heat islands cause environment deterioration and therefore can harm citizens' health, and also affects the city's metabolism process. Thus in order to restrain regional temperature rises the conclusion was drawn that consideration to increase forest areas on part of land usage planning is needed. Appropriate policy measures to regulate traffic related factors are also needed to restrain regional temperature rises. In order for future heat island reduction this research proposes a way to set up more effective policies and urban sustainability improvement strategies, and is significant in that it makes use of detailed data such as land usage and land coverage, Temperature of cities, Coordinate axis in analyses.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2021

This study was conducted to develop a habitat type classification system and its map based on the ecological characteristics of species, spatial type, vegetation, topography, and geological conditions preferred by species. To evaluate the relationships between species and their habitats in Korean national parks, we prepared a classification standard table for systematic classification of habitat types. This classification system divides habitats into 6 low-level and 59 mid-level ecological classes based on habitat structure. The mid-level system divided forest ecosystems into 20 subtypes, stream and wetland ecosystems into 8 types, coastal ecosystems into 7 types, arable land into 6 types, development land into 9 types, and 1 type of marine ecosystem. A habitat classification map was drawn utilizing square images, detailed vegetation maps, and forest stand maps, based on the above habitat classification system, and it covered 1,461 plots spanning 21 national parks. The habitat classification system and survey protocol, which consider domestic habitat conditions, should be further developed and applied to habitat assessment, to enhance the utility of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.62-75
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• 2017

This study analyzes the multiple effects of the following three aspects of waterscape facilities within apartment complexes: planning/designing, maintenance/management, and use of the facilities and suggests primary documents that will be fundamental for the methods to accelerate the implementation of waterscape facilities. A survey and analysis was conducted among a few of the most representative private apartment complexes in Seoul in accordance with the management and operation of waterscape facilities. The analysis used frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability test, t-test, and PLS regression analysis. The research findings are as follows: first, the degree of use of waterscape facilities was found to be low regardless of the levels of operation, but residents' preference for the facilities was shown to be high, thus indicating there are still high expectations on the part of residents. Second, regardless of whether the facilities are being operated efficiently, the two items of location and display method under the section of planning and designing and the two items of aptitude and convenience under the section of use were found to positively affect the operation and use of waterscape facilities. Particularly, the item of freshness, cleanliness was shown to be directly and indirectly correlated with obsolescence, administration costs, and noise, which negatively affect the operation. Third, it was found that the administration costs itself that had been shown as the most negative factor of operating landscaping facilities in previous research did not cause problems in the residential area where the facilities are not operated efficiently. The finding suggests that the administration costs do not matter but that in the case of experience- and entertainment-typed facilities that residents want, they are linked to problems that do not introduce the desired facilities. Fourth, it was found that various aspects of planning, designing, maintaining, and using facilities interconnect and affect one another in the process of operating and using waterscape facilities resulting in the need to have a comprehensive approach to these three factors of planning, design, maintenance, management, and utilization. This study proposes that the needs and values of residents should be reflected to activate the introduction of landscaping facilities in the apartment complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.495-513
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• 2004

The shape of land surface work as a cradle for various environmental processes and human activities. As spatially distributed process modelings become increasing important in current research communities, a classification system that delineates land surface into characteristic geomorphological units is a pre-requisite for sustainable land use planning and management. Existing classification systems are either morphometric or generic, which have limitations to characterize continuous ecological processes over the landscape. A new classification system was developed to delineate the land surface into different geomorphological units from Digital Elevation Models(DEMs). This model assumes that there are pedo-geomorphological units in which distinct sets of hydrological, pedological, and consequent ecological processes occur. The classification system first divides the whole landsurface into eight soil-landscape units. Possible energy and material nows over the land surface were interpreted using a continuity equation of mass flow along the hillslope, and subsequently implemented in terrain analysis procedures. The developed models were tested at a 12$\textrm{km}^2$ area in Yangpyeong-gun, Kyeongi-do, Korea. The method proposed effectively delineates land surface into distinct pedo-geomorphological units, which identify the geomorphological characteristics over a large area at a low cost. The delineated landscape units mal provide a basic information for natural resource survey and environmental modeling practices.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.120-140
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to assess the green space considering functional characteristics in order to provide the base data for efficient green planning and management. The study area was the park-type green spaces in Daegu and the functions were limited in nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage functions. Thirteen indicators were selected from the literature review and MCB analysis of expert survey. The weightings of functional indicators were established through AHP analysis of expert survey. According to the results of functional assessment, Naengcheon amusement, Deagu sports, and Dalchang amusement parks had scores of more than 80 in the case of nature-ecological function. Fifteen parks such as Bokhyeon, Manchon, and Cheonnae parks had scores of more than 75 in terms of environment-control function and eleven parks such as Suseong, Dalseong, and Wolbae parks had scores of more than 80 in usage function. The findings from this study can be used as the base data and guideline for construction of new park-type green space and continuous management and remodeling of current green space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Generally, trees lining the streets are the most easily accessible green areas in the city and constitute the smallest basic unit in the formation of the urban linear green axis. This study attempts to interpret issues related to city trees from a comprehensive and relational viewpoint. The site of this study is Central Park Street in front of Incheon Metropolitan City Hall. This street is representative of those in Incheon City. This study is an inter-relational interpretation of issues by measuring the vitality of these trees. The following are results of this study: First, the vitality of city trees is higher in those trees growing in natural ground than those growing in plant gratings. This observation can lead to budget savings and increased natural areas in the city. Also, if planter and multi-layering planting methods are introduced where damage to trees is predicted, variation to urban landscape can be achieved while linking to reinforced rearing foundation of street-side trees. Second, there is need for a holistic approach to caring for street-side trees regarding the damage caused by drastic pruning and strong street lights. The typical functions of these trees, like supplying freshness in summer, absorbing solar radiation, and controlling the urban micro-climate are closely related to the vitality of the trees. Accordingly, the function and ecology should be understood holistically, not separately. In this aspect, the functional and ecological use of the multi-layering planting method is effective in protecting pedestrians from vehicles as well. Third, the fallen leaves of monotonous rows of trees have different ecological and functional effects. Not only is the index of greenness in the urban setting increased, but there are also aesthetic and symbolic effects. Fourth, in spite of being the street along which Incheon Metropolitan City Hall, major administrative buildings and Central Park are located, this street does not have its own special identity to discriminate it from other streets. It fulfills only functional criteria based on uniformity. If there is no paradigm shift from today's street system based on vehicles, the role of landscape architecture will be very passive in regards to street-side trees, the minimum unit of urban green. Fifth, on this particular street, many trees were planted in December, which reflects a deficiency of short and long-term strategy, like a street-tree master plan. In this aspect, we still lack a mature culture concerning these trees as a basic unit in urban greenery. Furthermore, there needs to be cultural introspection concerning present administrative practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.70-83
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• 2022

This study aims to select evaluation items that can be used in planning park creation to evaluate the proposal to solve the environmental and social problems in promoting private-initiated park development projects. To this end, evaluation items that can consider various aspects of the development project were selected, and the indicators' validity and appropriateness were carried out through an expert Focus Group Interview (FGI). Firstly, an expert FGI was performed for six major categories and 50 evaluation items derived from literature reviews and brainstorming. As a result, five major and 27 middle category items were selected. Based on the derived major and middle classification items, 95 detailed items were selected. Secondly, 55 sub-items were derived through a suitability questionnaire. As a result of the suitability survey, the average scores of the subcategories for the major categories of natural environment, function of parks, and use of land were relatively high. The average scores for environmental index items such as ecology/vegetation, topography and slope, landscape, park service, wildlife, wide-area ecosystem, and park items were high in the middle classification. The average score of indicators in the natural environment was relatively high, and the average score in the function of parks also soared. In the environmental impact assessment, the occurrence of plan change issues, including the reappraisal of the location, led to unclear detailed evaluation factors for the faithfulness of the plan and the appropriateness of the plan direction. This study is significant in that it is a study on the selection of evaluation items that can minimize the problem of plan alteration and achieve objective evaluation when promoting development projects. This study could be used to forward development projects in the future and evaluate long-term unexecuted urban parks.