• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.477-480
• /
• 2004

인터넷의 급격한 발달과 사용자의 증가로 인하여 클라이언트와 서버로 구성된 기존의 웹 환경에서는 EC(Electronic Commerce)서비스 제공이 원활하지 못하였다. 시스템의 안정성 및 신뢰성이 미약하게 되면서 이를 보완하기 위한 새로운 환경으로 분산처리 기술의 필요성이 부각되었다. 본 연구는 현재 활용되고 있는 EC Server에서 상품관리에 대한 안정성과 신뢰성 제고 등의 문제에 대한 해결방안으로, 핵심 비즈니스 프로세스를 컴포넌트로 변환 적용하는 내용을 담고 있다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.1030-1038
• /
• 2022

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods: The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results: In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion: The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

• Ingenium
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.72-84
• /
• 2003

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.6327-6332
• /
• 2012

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor occurring in human esophageal epithelial tissue. The primary purpose of this paper was to define the effects of ${\beta}$-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$, alone and in combination, on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. Treatment with different concentrations of ${\beta}$-carotene and/or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. MTT assay showed that ${\beta}$-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ significantly inhibited proliferation of EC9706 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further studies also demonstrated that ${\beta}$-carotene alone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ alone caused a marked increase on the induction of apoptosis in EC9706 cells. The percentage of G0/G1-phase cells significantly increased on addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ alone, but there were no significant changes with ${\beta}$-carotene alone. These two agents in combination synergistically inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. Therefore, our results indicate that ${\beta}$-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ in combination may provide a novel strategy for preventing and treating esophageal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship among child care center innovativeness, the early childhood(EC) teacher's digital literacy(DL), technostress and teacher efficacy. Methods: The participants were 454 EC teachers and were selected only if they had worked for more than one year. The innovativeness of childcare centers, the teacher's DL, technostress, and teacher efficacy were assessed through online self-report questionaries. Data were analyzed through ANOVA, t-test, and SEM. Results: First, DL and technostress of EC teachers differed in some ways depending on the teacher's demographic background, the characteristics of their working institution, and their educational level of digital skills. Second, the childcare center innovativeness directly had a significant positive effect on DL, technostress, and efficacy of the teachers. In addition, the effect of the innovativeness on teacher efficacy was mediated by DL and technostress of the teachers. Conclusion/Implications: The more efforts made of childcare centers for recognizing the rapid development of DL and trying to change, the better the teacher's scores of DL and the appropriate technostress were, which increases teacher efficacy. So, continuous training and education for teachers with consideration of age and teaching experience, as well as public aid to improve teachers' DL skills are required.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2018

To assess the environmental factors determining the zonation between Phacelurus latifolius and Phragmites australis, vegetation survey and soil analysis were performed at a tidal marsh. The vegetation of the tidal marsh was classified into P. latifolius and Suaeda japonica dominated quadrats, P. latifolius and P. australis dominated quadrats, P. australis dominated quadrats, and P. australis and other land plants dominated quadrats. The density of P. latifolius ($83.7{\pm}5.5\;shoots\;m^{-2}$) was higher than that of P. australis ($79.3{\pm}12.1\;shoots\;m^{-2}$) in each dominated quadrat but height of two species were similar. Soil environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats appeared to be affected by tide based on higher soil electric conductivity ($EC_{PL}=1530{\pm}152{\mu}Scm^{-1}$ ; $EC_{PA+PL}=689{\pm}578{\mu}Scm^{-1}$ ; $EC_{PA}=689{\pm}578{\mu}Scm^{-1$) and lower pH ($pH_{PL}=5.96{\pm}0.16$ ; $pH_{PA+PL}=6.28{\pm}0.31$ ; $pH_{PA}=6.38{\pm}0.22$). In redundancy analysis, environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats and P. australis dominated quadrats were clearly separated and those of P. latifolius and P. australis co-dominated quadrats were similar to P. australis dominated quadrats. From our investigation, P. latifolius showed relatively high competitiveness when compared to P. australis in lower tidal zone rather than upper tidal zone. Zonation of P. latifolius and P. australis seems to be a transitional zone between halophytes and land plant species.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2021

This study examined how the use of learning apps in Zoom-based classes affects learners' English achievement and assessed the efficiency of app use in Zoom-based English classes. The study utilized the English Central (EC) app to induce learners to actively participate in zoom-based classes. To assess the app's efficiency, two rounds of achievement tests and an open-ended questionnaire were administered. The two tests showed that Zoom-based EC app utilization classes positively affected learners' English achievement and the questionnaire revealed that the learners were highly satisfied with using the EC app in Zoom-based classes. The participants praised this approach for "complementing insufficient class content" and facilitating "immediate feedback" (on the EC app), "English practice," and "real-time communication and sharing of opinions" (on Zoom-based classes), describing it as "not boring" and "4 skill training in English." Instructors should strive to efficiently use such new teaching tools in the evolving environment of the untact era.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.15
• /
• pp.6353-6356
• /
• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate risk factors for lymph node metastases (LNM) in cases of endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective single institution analysis of patients surgically staged for EC at Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital from 1996 to 2010 was performed. Roles of prognostic factors, such as age, histological type, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, peritoneal cytology, and tumor size, in the prediction of LNM were evaluated. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the effects of various factors on LNM. Results: LNM was observed in 22 out of 247 patients (8.9%) and was significantly more common in the presence of tumors of higher grade, deep myometrial invasion (DMI), cervical involvement, size >2cm, and with positive peritoneal cytology. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DMI remained the only independent risk factor for LNM. NPV, PPV, sensitivity, and specificity for satisfying LNM risk were 98.0, 19.5, 86.3, and 65.3%, respectively for DMI. Conclusions: The incidence of LNM is influenced independently by DMI. If data support a conclusion of DMI, LND should be seriously considered.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2000

A new gel polymer electrolyte based on the modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyacrylonitrile-co-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]itaconate (abbreviated as PANI) copolymer was synthesized in expectation of enhanced trapping ability of liquid electrolytes. PAN and PANI blend was complexed with organic solvents, ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and $LiClO_4$ salt. The highest room temperature conductivity of $2\times10^{-3}\;Scm^{-1}$ was found for a film of 25PAN+10PANl+50EC/DMC+$15LiClO_4$. The solvent-rich crystalline part decreases due to the blending of PANI and therefore number of charge carriers increases giving higher ionic conductivity. The addition of PAM as a host polymer in the PAN-based gels has beneficial effects such as higher ionic conductivity, better thermal characteristics, better miscibility with solvent, wider electrochemical stability, and better interfacial stability with lithium electrode, though it exhibits slightly less mechanical rigidity.