• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the Tai Chi self-help program with a self-help program on pain, stiffness, physical functioning, and fear of falling in women with osteoarthritis. Method: Total of 82 women with Osteoarthritis recruited from outpatient clinics or community health centers were randomly assigned either to a Tai Chi self-help group or a self-help group. Thirty subjects in the Tai Chi self-help group and 39 in the self-help group completed posttest measures(pain, stiffness, physical functioning, and fear of falling) at 6 months. Results: After the 6 month study period, the subjects in the Tai Chi self-help group reported significantly less difficulties in performing daily activities(mean difference=-0.16 vs. 6.19 for the self-help), and less fear of falling(mean difference=-3.20 vs. 0.27 for the self-help) than those in the self-help group. There were no significantly differences in pain and stiffness between the groups. Conclusion: The Tai Chi combined with self-help program was more effective than the self-help only program in reducing difficulties in performing daily activities and fear of falling in women with Osteoarthritis. Whether these changes prevent fall episodes requires further study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.8
• /
• pp.881-885
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Airway dehydration and subsequent hyperosmolarity of periciliary fluid are considered critical events in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The aim of this study was to establish if a hyperosmolar challenge could induce activation of eosinophils. Methods : Human eosinophilic leukaemic cell lines, EoL-1 cells were incubated with hyperosmolar solutions for 15 minutes. Activation of EoL-1 cells was monitored by degranulation and superoxide anion production. In addition, we examined surface expression of CD69 and ICAM-1. Results : Hyperosmolar stimuli didn't induce superoxide anion production and degranulation. In addition, EoL-1 cells cultured with hyperosmolar medium at 930 mOsm/kg $H_2O$ resulted in no significant increment in fluorescent intensity of CD69 and ICAM-1 expression compared with results for cells incubated with isomolar medium. Conclusion : We found that hyperosmolar stimuli don't cause activation of EoL-1 cells, but further studies are required to determine the role of eosinophil in the mechanism of exercise-induced asthma.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to evaluation the consolidation behavior of agricultural reservoir in the very soft ground. The final settlement prediction methods by Terzaghi, Hyperbolic and Asaoka methods were used to compare with the degree of consolidation estimated by exess pore water pressure. The dissipated excess pore water pressure during embankment construction and peak excess pore water pressure on the completed embankment were suggested for the estimation of the degree of consolidation. It was concluded that the degree of consolidation estimated from dissipated excess pore water pressure was more reliable than that from the peak excess pore water pressure. The stability methods for agricultural reservoir was used to compare and analyze with various condition by limit equilibrium method.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2007

Barley S-adenosylmethionine synthetase1 gene, which was differentially expressed in seed development of extra early barley, was regulated by the phytohormones and abiotic stresses. In order to identify the regulation regions which were involved in transcriptional control of the phytohormones and abiotic stresses, we isolated 1459 bp fragment of HvSAMS1 gene promoter using genome walking strategy and deletion series were constructed. Deleted upstream fragments(-1459, -1223, -999, -766, -545, -301 bp) were fused to the GUS reporter gene and evaluated via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay. Increased GUS activity of HvSMAS1 promoter -301/GUS construct under each of NaCl, $GA_3$, ABA and ethylene application was found. However, GUS activity was negligible in the leaves transformed with the HvSMAS1 promoter(-1459, -1223, -999, -766 and -545)/GUS constructs. No significant induction of GUS activity was observed for the ethionine and spermidine treatments. In order to locate promoter sequence of the HvSAMS1 gene that was critical for the activation of gene expression, deletion and addition promoter derivatives(+, includes 43 bp of 5' ORF) of the HvSAMS1 gene fused to the GUS reporter gene were applied. The tobacco leaves which harbored the additional HvSAMS1 promoter(-1459+, -1459 to -546, -545+ and -301+)/GUS construct did not significantly induce GUS activity as compared to the HvSAMS1 promoter(-1459, -545 and -301)/GUS constructs under each of NaCl, ABA and $GA_3$ treatment. However, the GUS activity was high in the tobacco leaves which harboring the -211 to -141 regions of the HvSAMS1 promoter. This result suggested that HvSAMS1 gene expression might be regulated by this region(from -211 to -141).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.599-604
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted the vegetation clustering analysis for the 3 mountains of Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, Mt. Bonghwa which were the urban forests of Seoul. Based on the results of the analysis related to the vegetation clustering, it was found that the clustering of Mt. Bulam consisted of pine trees(Pinus densiflora)-Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica), Hornb eam(Carpinus laxiflora)-Pitch pine(P. rigida), oriental oak(Q. variabilis) - a wild pear tree(Sorbus alnifolia) while the clustering of Mt. Daemo consisted of Pitch pine-Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis), Poplar(Populus tomentig landulosa)- black birch(Betula davurica pall). Meanwhile, the clustering of Mt. Bonghwa consisted of pine trees-a wild pear tree Community and Sawtooth oak(Q. acutissima)-Cherry Blossoms(Prunus serrulata). In relation to the similarity index by region in Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, and Mt. Bonghwa, the similarity index of Mt. Bulam and Mt. Daemo stood at as high as 0.634, suggesting the distribution of similar vegetation, and the dominance index of the Mt. Daemo region was found to be 0.166 which suggests the dominance of many species compared to other regions. In addition, the results of species diversity showed that Mt. Daemo had the highest stability, and the species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness indices were highest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo. The dominance index was the lowest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2010

In this study, the seepage flow monitoring method by the hydraulic head loss rate was developed for the purpose of application to offshore construction site enclosed by cofferdams in which seepage force varies periodically. The amount of the hydraulic head loss rate newly defined in this graph was in a range between 0 and 1. The zero of the rate means the existence of flow with no seepage resistance. The 1 of the rate means no seepage flow through the ground. The closer to 1 the coefficient of determinant in the hydraulic head loss graph is, the more the ground through which seepage water flows is stable. The closer to 0 the coefficient of determinant in the hydraulic head loss graph is, the more the ground through which seepage water flows was unstable and the higher the possibilities of existence of empty space or of occurrence of piping on the seepage flow pass in the ground is. The hydraulic head loss graph makes it possible to monitor sensitively the situation of seepage flow state, and the graph helps to understand easily the seepage flow state at the specific section on the whole cofferdam.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.41-59
• /
• 1988

In many of the helminthic infections, diagnosis is accomplished by the demonstration of the eggs or, occasionally the adult worms or their parts. Diagnosis can be made by the identification of larval stage obtained from stool or surgically extracted materials too. However some kinds of parasitic disease can not be diagnosed by above mentioned procedure alone. Brain cysticercosis, ectopic paragonimiasis, Capillaria hepatica infection in liver is a good example. In such a case, immunologic method would be helpful for the decision of physician. In this paper, immunologic tools such as indirect hemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, circumoval precipitation test, ELISA, western blot were applied for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinenisis, Cysticercosis and C. hepatica a infection and their efficacy was evaluated. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) In the diagnosis of clonorchiasis, ELISA revealed sensitiveity of 83.3%, but cross reaction against antibody of Paragonimus westermani and Taenia species were observed. For the identification of cross reaction and species specific band of Ag-Ab reaction, western blot was applied. 59Kd relative molecular weight and 21Kd band were identified as a Clonorchis sinensis specific band. OD values of ELISA performed with sera of 18 months after praziquantel treatment decreased to half level compared to that of before treatment. Negative conversion rate of ELISA after 18 months of treatment was 60%. 2) In the diagnosis of cysticercosis, IFAT disclosed 95.8%(23/24) of sensitivity and reaction was most strongly occurred in inner membrane. ELISA revealed 90.0% (36/40) of sensitivity, but cross reaction was observed in both technique. In western blot, 91, 63 and 21Kd Mw bands were identified as a strongly positive band. Among them 63Kd band showed positive reaction against almost all sera of cysticercosis patient. 3) Circumoval precipitation, ELISA, IFAT, showed 85.0% of sensitivity in the diagnosis of C. hepatica infection in rat. The antigenic localities were inner membrane of sectioned egg antigen on the prectipitates around the mucoid plugs which were induced by circumoval precipitation reaction. Sera from rats infected with 2000eggs were collected periodically to observe the changing patterns of antibody titers by IFAT and ELISA, which showed that high titers were detected at weeks 3 and 5, then gradually declined through weeks 9until to negatively converted at weeks 13.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2007

This study is to calculate the proper angle for the optimal image of PNS Water's view on children, comparing and analyzing the PNS Water's projection angles between children and adults at every age. This study randomly selected 50 patients who visited the Medical Center from January to May in 2005, and examined the incidence path of central ray, taking a PNS Water's and skull trans-Lat. view in Water's filming position while attaching a lead ball mark on the Orbit, EAM, and acanthion of the patients's skull. And then, we calculated the incidence angles(Angle A) of the line connected from OML and the petrous ridge to the inferior margin of maxilla on general(random) patients's skull image, following the incidence path of central ray. Finally, we analyzed two pieces of the graphs at ages, developing out the patients' ideal images at PNS Water's filming position taken by a digital camera, and calculating the angle(Angle B) between OML and IP(Image Plate). The angle between OML and IP is about $43^{\circ} in 4-years-old children, which is higher than $37^{\circ}, as age increases the angle decreases, it goes to $37^{\circ} around 30 years of age. That is similar result to maxillary growth period. We can get better quality of Water's image for children when taking the PNS Water's view if we change the projection angles, considering maxillary growth for patients in every age stage.