• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are thought to play major roles in joint diseases such as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and there is considerable evidence playing a role for these cytokines in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaries (EAC). As a positive control, apigenin, which is known as an anti-inflammatory agent as an iNOS inhibitor, was used and showed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect. EAC showed strong inhibitory efficacy against cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation, $PGE_2$ production, nitric oxide (NO) production, and matrix-matalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in rabbit articular chondrocyte. In the writhing test induced by acetic acid, EAC $(200{\sim}400\;mg/kg)$ exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing. The results indicate that EAC have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and could be a good herbal medicine candidate for curing of RA and/or OA.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2019

Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae) has long been used in folk medicine in Bangladesh. Considering the folkloric context, this study was aimed to scrutinize anti-proliferative activity of C. macroptera fruit pulp juice (CMFPJ) against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC). The anti-proliferative capacity of CMFPJ was investigated and confirmed primarily using MTT assay. In vivo anti-proliferative aptitude of CMFPJ was investigated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment. Anti-proliferative efficacy of CMFPJ was assessed based on EAC growth inhibition. CMFPJ inhibited EAC growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. And the percentages of in vivo EAC growth inhibition were 19.53, 49.2, and 68.9% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg CMFPJ respectively. CMFPJ significantly induced expression of apoptosis regulatory genes caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3. This considerable anti-cancer activity was perhaps due to combinatorial effect of lectin, polyphenols, and flavonoids present in CMFPJ.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.714-717
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• 2018

Epidermal cysts are generally benign tumors that usually originate from the skin caused by inflammation of hair cortex and proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis; however, for these cysts to occur in the bony external auditory canal (EAC) is rare. They are often present as a solitary, painless lesion and usually asymptomatic and the diagnosis depends on the results of the histological examination. In treatment, the cyst wall must be completely removed surgically. We recently encountered a 82-year-old male with a mass in the right EAC. An otoscopic examination showed a polypoid mass on the bony EAC, which was finally diagnosed as epidermal cyst after an initial misdiagnosis as EAC carcinoma. We report the rare, unique case with literature review.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2015

This paper deals with analyzing accreditation findings and the causes for the deficiencies in the review by the EAC(Engineering Accreditation Committee) of ABEEK in 2014. For this purpose Final Statements of the 266 engineering education programs reviewed by the EAC of ABEEK in 2014 were analyzed on the basis of the each criterion. However, Accreditation Criterion 8(Program Criterion) was excluded in the analysis of the causes for the deficiencies since the program-specific requirements within areas of specialization might vary with the program criteria. As results of accreditation review by the EAC of ABEEK, Deficiency findings were 81 cases which made up 3.81% of total findings, Weakness findings were 1,679 which made up 78.91% of total findings, Concern findings were 124 cases which made up 5.83% of total findings, and Satisfaction findings were 244 cases which made up 11.47% of total findings. Deficiency and Weakness findings against which the relevant program must take actions for the improvement were 82.71% in all. The findings on program accreditation are made on the basis of the Accreditation Actions Guide. Accordingly, in view of formal logic in the accreditation review, the accreditation findings should comply with the Accreditation Actions Guide consistently. In this respect, the Deficiency findings in the accreditation review can be justified. So it is useful for a program or an institution which prepares for the accreditation review to check over the causes for the Deficiency against the Accreditation Actions Guide. On the other hand changeover in the accreditation policy of the ABEEK may be necessary. If the quality of the engineering education is improved continuously through the accreditation review, accreditation fulfills its purpose. To gain this end it is important to place higher value on the 'bigger picture' than on the minor details. In other words, "holistic" evaluation of evidence should form the basis of accreditation review.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

냉방용 에너지는 크게 전력과 가스로 대별할 수 있는데, 전기냉방 시스템은 하절기 최대전력을 상승시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 전기에너지는 수요 공급 특성상 저장이 불가능하기 때문에 예상되는 최대전력을 상회하는 공급능력을 보유해야 하며 매년 하절기의 사회문제로 대두되어 왔다. 한편 가스냉방의 경우 흡수식 시스템과 GHP 시스템이 있다. 그러나 가스냉방 보급용량은 전기 냉방에 비해 매우 적으며 소형시장은 대부분 전기냉방에 의존하고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 국내 냉방에너지 현황을 살펴보고 에너지원간의 부하분담 비중을 분석하여 냉방에너지의 합리적인 방향을 제시하고자 2024년까지 장기적인 가스냉방 보급 규모를 전망하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 가스냉방 보급효과를 분석하여 가스냉방의 확대 필요성을 뒷받침 하고자 하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2015

Context: In the last half century, discovering, developing and introducing of clinical agents from marine sources have seen great successes, with examples including the anti-cancer compound trabectedin. However, with increasing need for new anticancer drugs, further exploration for novel compounds from marine organism sources is strongly justified. Objective: The major aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of Sargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh (Sargassaceae) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: An ethanol extract of S. tenerrimum (EEST) from whole algae was used to evaluate cytotoxicity followed by in vivo assessment of toxicity, using biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes. Antioxidant properties were examined in animals bearing EAC treated with daily oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg extract suspension. Results: Antitumor effects of EEST in EAC bearing mice was observed with LD50 1815 mg/kg. Parameters like body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, tumor cell count, mean survival time and increase in life span in animals in the EAC bearing animals treated with EEST 300 mg/kg was comparable with control group. Significant differences were also seen with changes in total protein content, hepatic enzymes contents, MDA level, and free radical scavenging enzymes in untreated vs. EEST treated group animals. Conclusions: Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic enzymes in the EAC animal model treated with EEST exhibited similar effects as the positive control drug 5-flurouracil. S. tenerrimum extracts contain effective antioxidants with significant antitumor activity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

Astilbe rubra (AR) is a perennial, belongs to the Saxifragaceae family, it contains tannin and triterpene. AR has been used in republic korea to improve toxication, fever, pain and convulsion. Recently, number of natural products have been analyzed for potential pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medication. Consequently, we investigated the growth inhibition effect of Astilbe rubra water extract (WAC), ethanol extract (EAC) and bergenin on Hela cell (human adenocarcinoma cell). From whole plant of A. rubra, bergenin was isolated by column chromatography and its structures were identified by $^1H$, $^{13}C$ NMR and IT TOF-ESI MS. High extraction efficiency of bergenin was shown at 0.95% under 60 min reflux extraction with 50% MeOH. The MTS assay showed that EAC (ethanol extract) treatment increased cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, EAC treatment on Hela cell increased apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activity. Results suggest that EAC has growth inhibition effect on Hela cells, but not WAC and bergenin. $500{\mu}g/mL$ EAC treatment inhibited Hela cell at $60.2{\pm}1.5%$.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.140-143
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• 2017

Hemangiomas are relatively common in the head and neck region, but their occurrence in the temporal bone are extremely rare. The hemangioma of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare otologic entity as only 22 cases of hemangioma of the EAC have been reported worldwide. Here we report a patient presenting with pulsatile tinnitus, which turned out to be caused by capillary hemangioma arising from the posterior medial portion of external auditory canal touching the tympanic membrane. Surgical excision of the tumor was successful. The clinical manifestations and management of benign vascular lesions of the EAC are discussed with a review of literature.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.405-410
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• 2002

EVMS(Earned Value Management System)는 건설프로젝트의 선진관리기법으로서 최근 국내건설공사의 공공부분 공사에 도입되어 제도화되었으며, 정부발주뿐만 아니라 민간발주 건설프로젝트에서도 EVMS를 관리기법의 도구로 활용하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 선진관리기법인 EVMS를 도입하기 이전에 EVMS의 여러 업무들이 국내건설사업 환경에 대한 적합성에 대하여 검정할 필요성이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EVMS에서 프로젝트 예측단계로서 최종예상공사비(Estimate At Completion)를 정확하게 평가하고 실질적인 비용을 측정하는데 유용하게 사용하기 위하여 최종예상공사비 평가방법을 제안하고 그 방법들에 대하여 통계적 방법인 가설검정(Hypothesis testing)을 이용하여 타당성을 검증하고자 한다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

The plant Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn) R.Br. (Family-Apocynaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases, one amongst it is cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible antitumor activity and antioxidant role of Ichnocarpus frutescens in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The chloroform and methanol extract of whole plant of Ichnocarpus frutescens (CEIF and MEIF) were administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, body weight per day for 7 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation in mice. Treatment with CEIF at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg remarkably decreased the tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable cell count and increased the nonviable cell count of EAC tumor bearing mice when compared to e effect of MEIF at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Further the EAC mice treated with CEIF and MEIF showed significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), however the decreasing and increasing capacity of CEIF was less in both doses as compared to MEIF. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the chloroform and methanol extact of Ichnocarpus frutescens exhibit significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.