• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2009

The biosynthesis study of antibiotics saframycin (SFM) in Streptomyces lavendulae and safracin (SAC) in Pseudomonas fluorescens demonstrated that 3-hydroxy-S-methyl-O-methyltyrosine (3hSmOmTyr), a nonproteinogenic amino acid, is the precursor of the tetrahydroisoquinoline molecular core. In the biosynthetic gene cluster of SAC/SFM, sacD/sfmD encodes a protein with high homology to each other but no sequence similarity to other known enzymes; sacF/sfmM2 and sacG/sfmM3 encode methyltransferases for C-methylation and O-methylation; and sacE/sfinF encodes a small protein with significant sequence similarity to the MbtH-like proteins, which are frequently found in the biosynthetic pathways of non ribosomal peptide antibiotics and siderophores. To address their function, the biosynthetic cassette of 3h5mOmTyr was heterologously expressed in S. coelicolor and P. putida, and an in-frame deletion and complementation in trans were carried out. The results revealed that (i) SfmD catalyzes the hydroxylation of aromatic rings; (ii) sacD/sacF/sacG in the SAC gene cluster and sfmD/sfmM2/sfmM3 in the SFM cluster are sufficient for the biosynthesis of 3h5mOmTyr; and (iii) the mbtH-like gene is not required for the biosynthesis of the 3h5mOmTyr precursor.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.893-897
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• 2003

천연물로부터 추출한 8가지 sample에 대하여 항균성의 효능이 있는 것을 탐색하여 의약연구의 기초자료 및 현대인의 기호에 맞는 기능성 식품 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 항균활성 실험에서 6mm paper disc에 대한 공시 균주에 대한 오미자와 매실은 모든 사용한 균주에 대해 6-10 mm였으며, 대추와 구기자는 1mm 정도였고 솔잎 등은 거의 보이지 않거나 0.5 mm 정도 clear zone이 생성되었다. 1차screening test에서 항균력을 보인 B. subtilis, E. coli KCCM 11591, P. aeruginosa KCTC 1750, C. albicans 균주의 성장억제도는 사용균주 농도를 희석하여 S. chinenis H-20에 대한 농도의 의존성을 10cm petri dish에서 control과 비교할 때 $50\;{\mu}L$는 5배 정도 저해하였으며, $75\;{\mu}L$에는 완전 저해효능이 있었다. 배양초기와 배양5시간에 S. chinenis H-20를 $75\;{\mu}L$ 첨가한 것에 대한 항균력은 변화가 없었다. 즉 S. chinenis H-20은 유전정보전달을 저해하는 항생물질이 작용하는 것으로 추측할 수 있다. S. chinenis H-20을 배양 5시간에 첨가하여 control과 비교하였을 때 B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli를 완전히 저해하였다. 매실과 오미자를 첨가한 고추장의 관능평가를 볼 때 전체평가에서 찹쌀고추장이 3.39로 '보통'으로 나타났으며, 매실고추상은 4.29로 약간 '좋다'로 오미자고추장은 2.43으로 '약간 나쁘다'로 나타났다. 찹쌀고추장을 대조군으로 할 때 매실 고추장의 견고성은 4.45배, 오미자고추장은 1.78배 높았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 1988

The object of this paper was to investigate the histopatological changes on dog's pulp under cavitation by irradiation of the $CO_2$ laser. The subjects were derived from four dogs, and irradiated 113.23 J/$mm^2$, 283.09 J/$mm^2$, 566.08 J/$mm^2$ in Group I, II, and III respectively. The dogs were sacrificed immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour and 1 week after $CO_2$ laser treatment. For light microscopic examination, routine H-E and PAS stains were employed. For electron microscopic observation, the teeth were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde, decalcified teeth in 10% EDTA were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The observation was made with a Hitachi H-500 model electron microscope. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. At the early stage of the experimental sub-groups-immediately, 24 hour, 72 hour samples of Group I, II and III-coagulation necrosis and hyperemia were observed in odontoblastic and subodontoblastic pulpal layer. 2. At the 1 week sub-group of Group I, II, regenerative hyperplasia of the odontoblasts without coagulation necrosis were revealed, in addition to thickened predentin. On he other hand coagulation necrosis and atrophic change accompanying with hyperplasia were found at the 1 week sub-group of Group III. 3. Ultrastructurally, the odontoblasts appeared nuclear degeneration, vacuolar change of cytoplasmic organelles and rupture of plasma membrane at the early stage of the experimental period of all groups. 4. Under spectrohelioscopic examination, regenerative odontobalsts were seen at the 1 week specimens of Group I, II and III. 5. The pulpal response occured at 113-566 J/$mm^2$. The pathologic change of pulp tissue occured at the early experimental period but regeneration of odontoblasts could be seen after 1 week.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Objectives:This study was performed to examine the side effect of inflammatory reactions of Pharmacopuncture lubricants (CF and JsD) using animal model. Methods:Pharmacopuncture lubricants (CF and JsD) were treated repeatedly the same point in Sprague-Dawley rats. And after finish the treatment, we obtain the tissue of muscle layer in rats where Pharmacopuncture lubricants were treated. And we observed the tissue how the change occurred in HE staining. Results: 1. There was no evidence to make inflammation induced by pharmacopuncture lubricants except 4 weeks treated group. 2. Only 4 weeks treated group(CF, JsD) were showed some infectional tissue's view in H-E staining. But it is not certain due to Pharmacopuncture lubricants. Conclusion:It appears that prolonged usage of pharmacopuncture lubricant on the specific point can induce inflammation, so we may be careful for treating time and point using pharmacopuncture lubricant in clinics.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2005

W3C has developed the RDF standard for utilizing ontology in Web applications. This paper presents extracting, storing, and applying ontology on product data. The design and tooling information included in STEP-NC files is focused as an example. By analyzing the relationship among the product data, the RDF schema is designed first. Based on the schema ontology if extracted and stored in XML files. As an application of the stored ontology, we can reconfigure the sitemap of product data repositories. In this example, the users can select the view that he or she is interested in (e.g. product, tool, person). With such various views of an product data repository, the users can access the specific data more effectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

Effects of Sardine Oil Feeding and Vitamin E Supplementation on Histopathological Changes and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80~90 g were fed the diet containing either 15% corn oil (CO) or sardine oil (SO) with or without vitamin E supplements (dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol acetate 800 IU/kg diet) for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the rats were given a single intraperitoneal injectin of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg BW). From the fifth week, rats were given 0.02% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in diet for 4 weeks. At the seventh week, 0.05% phenobarbital in liver and hepatic glutathione S-transferase palcental form positive (GST-P+) foci were examined by Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity was determined. The livers fromt he carcinogen treated rats showed significantly increased formation of GST-P+ foci at sacrifice points while the livers fromthe non-carcinogen treated groups showed almost no foci. Although GST-P+ foci formation was not affected by dietary oil, it was increased unexpectedly by vitamin E supplementation. Histopathological changes were similar to patterns of GST-P+ foci formation in almost all groups. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were increased by carcinogen treatment in all dietary groups. $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were positively correlated with GST-P+ foci formation. There results suggest that excessive vitamin E supplementation can enhance hepatocarcinogenesis although the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

Eosinohil and IgE responses of interleukin IL(-5 transgenic and normal C3H/HeN mice were studied after experimental infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 9Nb). Intestinal worms were recovered at day 5 post-infection (PI), and numbers of total white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils, and total serum IgE and anti-hapten (dinitrophenyl)(DNP) specific IgE titers, were measured at days 0,14 and PI. IL-5 mice appeared resistant to Nb infection showing a significantly ower worm recovery rate than normal mice (P<0.05). Total WBC and eosinophil counts (/mm3) were significantly increased in Nb infected normal mice (p<0.05), but unchanged (total WBC) or decreased (eosinophils) in IL-5 mice at day 21 PI. The total serum IgE level remarkably increased in normal mice, but only a little in IL-5 mice at days 14 and 21 PI. Priming with DNP brought about more remarkable increases of the total and anti-DNP specific IgE in normal mice than in IL-5 mice. The results show that IL-5 mice are resistant to Nb infection, and that eosinophil and IgE responses in these mice are not augmented by N infection.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2017

A numerical study has been performed to evaluate thermal-hydraulic performance of a finger type cooling module with multiple-jet impingement in a divertor of nuclear fusion reactor. To analyze conjugate heat transfer in both solid and fluid domains, numerical analysis of the flow using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations has been performed with shear stress transport turbulence model. The computational domain for the cooling module consisted of a single fluid domain and three solid domains; tile, thimble, and cartridge. The numerical results for the temperature variation on the tile were validated in comparison with experimental data under the same conditions. A parametric study was performed with four geometric parameters, i.e., angles between x-axis and centerlines of hole 1, 2, 3 and 4. The results indicate that the heat transfer rate was increased by 2.7% and 0.7% by the angle ${\theta}_1$ and angle ${\theta}_2$, respectively, and that the pressure drop was decreased by up to 1.8% by the angle ${\theta}_3$.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.73.1-73.1
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• 2010

Using the spectroscopic data secured with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph attached to a 3-m telescope at the Lick Observatory, we derived the expansion velocities from various line profiles in the 3600 $\AA$ to 10,000 $\AA$ based on the full width at half maximum and double peak of the high dispersion line profiles. The symmetrical shapes of the permitted line profiles indicate that the permitted line zone is symmetrical e.g., a spherical shell or bipolar + torus structures, which might be evidence of relatively recent ejection from the central star. Most other stronger forbidden lines might be coming from a main shell which appears as a bilateral symmetrical morphology, seen in HST and other ground-based telescopic images. The overall expansion velocities of this main shell structure that are responsible for most lines, seem to show the Hubble type expansion, i.e., accelerating shell. The faster expansion velocities of the permitted OII, NII, NIII and perhaps CII lines that do not suit to the Hubble type expansion, imply the existence of a somewhat smaller inner shell inside the outer main shell. We conclude that the nebular shell consists of a swiftly expanding inner shell and an outer normal shell excited by a central star of about 55,000K. The former compact zone appears to be responsible for the permitted C, N, and O lines while the latter extended shell appears to be responsible for H, He, and forbidden lines. We present some evidence that NGC 6833 be a member of the Galactic halo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.354-362
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• 2018

Objective: Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China. This study examined the effects of harvest time and added molasses on nutritional content, ensiling characteristics and in vitro degradation of whole crop wheat (WCW). Methods: Fresh WCW at the milk-ripe stage was harvested at 0700 h (i.e., in the morning [Mo]) and 1700 h (i.e., in the afternoon [Af]), and then immediately used to prepare silage and make hay. Commercial molasses was added to Af WCW at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (fresh weight) proportions. The WCW treated with molasses was mixed thoroughly prior to ensiling. Results: Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h ($GP_{72h}$, 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01). The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in WCWS from Mo WCW were 1.47% and 0.26%, respectively. However, the propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible, while the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ($NH_3-N/TN$, p<0.01) concentration was lower and the rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h, p<0.05) was higher for Af WCWS compared to Mo WCWS. The incubation fluid's $NH_3-N$ concentration was lower in WCWS and Af WCW compared to Mo WCW (p<0.05). The CP and WSC content increased with increasing molasses levels (p<0.05). Furthermore, the pH (p<0.01) and time when gas production was 50% of the maximum (2.78 h vs 3.05 h, p<0.05) were lower in silage treated with 4% molasses than silage without molasses. Conclusion: Harvesting wheat crops in the afternoon and adding molasses at 4% level to WCW optimally improved ensiling characteristics, leading to well-preserved silage.