• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1633-1637
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• 2014

Background: Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue classified into Hodgkin's and non- Hodgkin's types. It mostly affects lymph nodes although a considerable proportion of Non-Hodgkin's cases occur in extranodal sites. Materials and Methods: Selected cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during the period of 1980 to 2012 were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sections from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were stained with H&E as well as with LCA, CD20, and CD3. Results: The mean age was 41.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of the forty two cases, nineteen were Malays, eighteen were Chinese, followed by Indians (3) and Indonesians (2). The most common site of involvement was the mandible (22.2%), followed by the maxilla and palate (19.4% each). Most of the lesions presented as a painless progressive swelling. Only thirty six cases were further subdivided into B or T cell types. The majority were B-cell type (26 cases), of these 6 cases were Burkitt's lymphomas. Only ten cases were T-cell lymphoma, with three cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma. Conclusions: In this series of 42 patients diagnosed as extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lesions appeared as painless swellings, mostly in men with the mandible as the most frequent site of involvement. Majority were B-cell lymphomas with Malays and Chinese being equally affected whereas lymphomas were rare in the Indian ethnicity. T-cell lymphomas were found to be common in the Chinese ethnic group.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-93
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• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to this condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis (AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results In vivo, clinical skin severity score was significantly lower in the KKHS group than in the control group. IgE, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum decreased remarkably in the KKHS group than in the control group, and the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ production which is secreted from Th1 cell was increased by KKHS. After this experiment we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It results that the total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as much as normal state, and the level of $CD3^+CD69^+$ in isolated DLN and PBMCs were significantly decreased, and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by KKHS. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E), toluidine staining (mast cells marker). KKHS were very effective to the histological symptoms which are in dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ear thickness was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells (ILC) and plasma cells (PC) in DLN were also decreased. Conclusions KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effectiveness to the atopy dermatitis treatment.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationships between nurse's perception of patient safety culture and performance for safety nursing activities at rehabilitation hospitals. Methods: This study applied a descriptive research design. Participants were 194 nurses who have provided nursing services for more than 6 months at 4 rehabilitation hospitals located in B metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: There was a positive correlation between the awareness of patient safety culture and safety nursing activity. Multivariate analysis showed that hospital work environment, experience of education, hospital climate, frequency of reported events, and marital status were significantly associated with the safety nursing activity. Overall, approximately 23.1% of total variability in the safety nursing activity could be explained by the 5 variables ($R^2=0.231$, p<.005). Conclusion: Nurses at rehabilitation hospitals are relatively positive about patient safety culture. Therefore, we need to develop safety education programs at the level of organization in order to improve patient safety through performing effective safety nursing activities in addition to increase awareness of patient safety culture among nurses. Furthermore, we need hospital's strategies at the system level for open communication and outcome reports regarding patient safety.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $BH_4$를 대체할 수 있는 유용물질인 세피아프테린의 생산성 증대를 위하여 GTP 생합성 경로의 유전자들을 동시에 발현할 수 있는 재조합 대장균을 제작하였다. 세피아프테린을 생산할 수 있는 재조합 대장균에서 gmk, ndk 및 guaA-guaB 유전자를 동시에 발현함으로써 세포 내 GTP의 농도가 대조구에 비해 약 200% 이상 증가하였고 $126.1{\pm}9.3mg/l$의 세피아프테린이 생산되었는데 이 결과는 대조구보다 세피아프테린의 생산량이 약 43% 증가된 것이다. GTP 생합성에 관여하는 개별 유전자의 단독 발현 또는 두 가지 유전자의 동시 발현은 세포 내 GTP 농도 향상 큰 영향을 미치지 못했지만 네 가지 유전자 모두를 동시에 발현하는 경우는 세포 내 GTP 농도를 유의적으로 증가시킨다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 세포 내 GTP 생합성에 관여하는 guaA-guaB, gmk 및 ndk 유전자를 동시에 발현함으로써 재조합 대장균에서 세피아프테린의 생산성 증가를 달성하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.476-488
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• 2008

This study investigates the relationship of smoking on daily intake of nutrients and snacks in the Chungnam and Daejeon high school students. Up to date scientific nutrition education and counseling programs in the regular school system is needed for a professional nutrition education teacher. The primary objective of this study was to provide useful information to nutrition education teachers. A survey was conducted with 400 high school students in the Chungnam and Daejeon areas. 381 out of 400 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 12.0K. The subjects were composed of 49.8% male, 50.1% female and 40.9% regular high school students, 59.1% business high school students and smokers 43.1%, non-smokers 56.9%. 43.4% of smokers had been smoking since middle school. On analysis of daily nutrient intakes, 16 out of 19 nutrients except animal calcium, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were much more consumed by the smoking group than the non-smoking group non-significantly. Especially vegetable fat and Vitamin E were higher in the smoking group than the non-smoking group (p<0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrates: protein: fat was similar in the two groups (smoking group 55:15:29, nonsmoking group 56:15:28). Intakes of Vitamin B1 and potassium in comparison with the Korean dietary reference intakes(KDRI) were under 50% in both groups. However, sodium was taken over 200% compared to KDRI in both groups. Intakes of Vitamin C in the smoking group were as low as 76.5% in comparison to KDRI. Smokers need to increase the intakes of Vitamin C considering that smokers need to intake Vitamin C two times than non-smokers. Nutrient intakes from snacks in the smoking group were higher than the non-smoking group. Nutrients that originated from snacks which took over 20% among daily nutrient intakes were 12 nutrients(energy, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, P, Fe, K, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, dietary fiber) in the smoking group compared to 7 nutrients(energy, vegetable protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C) in the non-smoking group. The smoking group was significantly paying more money for snacks each month than the non-smoking group was(p<0.01). Periods of consumption were irregular in the smoking group(p<0.05) and the smoking group was used to taking snacks in the morning compared to the non-smoking group. The smoking group preferred sweets and high calorie food over other snacks in comparison of the non-smoking group. The nonsmoking group had better eating habits than the smoking group.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2013

본 연구는 농산물 중 식중독세균 검출을 위한 시료 전처리법을 확립하기 위하여 전처리용액, 전처리 시간, 전처리용액과 시료의 비율에 따른 회수율을 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 양상추, 들깻잎, 오이, 고추, 방울토마토에 E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, B. cereus를 6.0 log $CFU/cm^2$로 접종하고 0.1% 펩톤수와 D/E broth로 처리하였다. 또한 처리시간은 30, 60, 90, 120초, 시료와 전처리용액의 비율은 1 : 2, 1 : 4, 1 : 9, 1 : 19로 각각 처리하였다. 그 결과, D/E broth로 처리하였을 때 0.1% 펩톤수로 처리하였을 때에 비하여 전반적으로 식중독균의 회수율이 높았다(P<0.05). 특히 방울토마토의 경우, D/E broth로 처리한 구의 S. Typhimurium의 수는 0.1% 펩톤수로 처리한 구 보다 1.05 log $CFU/cm^2$ 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 들깻잎, 양상추, 오이, 고추, 토마토와 전처리용액의 최적 비율은 1 : 9, 1 : 4, 1 : 2, 1 : 2, 1 : 2였다. 한편, 처리시간에 따른 회수율의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 볼 때 농산물 중 식중독균 검출을 위한 전처리용액은 D/E broth가 적절한 것으로 판단되며 표면적에 따라 시료와 전처리 용액의 비율을 결정하는 것이 분석의 정확성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2005

족삼리(足三里) 사과락약침(絲瓜絡藥鍼)이 DBA/lJ mouse의 collagen-induced arthritis 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察) 한 결과(結果), 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 세포독성(細胞毒性) 측정결과(測定結果), 사과락약침액(絲瓜絡藥鍼液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 가장 높은 세포생존률(細胞生存率)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 2. In vitro screening 결과(結果), 사과락약광액(絲瓜絡藥鑛液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 CIA mouse 관절활막세포(關節滑膜細胞)의 TNF-${\alpha}$발현(發現)이 유의(有意)하게 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 족삼리(足三里) 사과락약침(絲瓜絡藥鍼)에 의하여 관절염(關節炎) 발병률(發病率)이 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 족삼리(足三里) 사과락약침(絲瓜絡藥鍼)에 의하여 CIA mouse의 각장(脚臟)무게가 감소(減少)하였다. 5. 족삼리(足三里) 사과락약침(絲瓜絡藥鍼)에 의하여 CIA mouse의 혈청(血淸) IL-6, INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgG, IgM 및 Anti-collagen Ⅱ가 유의(有意)하게 감소(減少)하였다. 6. 조직학적(組織學的) 검사(檢査) 결과(結果), 족삼리(足三里) 사과락약침(絲瓜絡藥鍼)에 의하여 CIA mouse 관절(關節)의 연골파괴(軟骨破壞)와 활막증식(滑膜增殖)이 감소(減少)되고 교원질섬유(膠原質纖維)가 정상군(正常群)과 유사(類似)하게 유지(維持)되었다. 7. 임파절내(淋巴節內) CD3e+와 CD19+세포(細胞) 비율(比率), CD4+와 CD8+세포(細胞) 비율(比率)은 사과락약광치료군(絲瓜絡藥鑛治療群)에서 정상군(正常群)과 유사(類似)하게 유지(維持)되었다. 8. 임파절내(淋巴節內) CD69+/CD3e+세포(細胞) 및 CD11a+/CD19+세포(細胞)와 관절내(關節內) CD11b+/Gr-1+세포(細胞)는 사과락약침치료군(絲瓜絡藥鍼治療群)에서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의(有意) 하게 감소(減少)하였다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1976

A total of 100 swelled, springered or flippered canned meat and fish products were studied the degree of contamination with clostridias and serological relationships to Hobbs'13 "heat resistant" types, heat resistance of spores and susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolates to several antibiotics. Samples examined in this study were collected from Seoul area from June to October, 1975 and prepared in Korea. Clostridias were isolated from 46(46%) of these samples; 19 strains of Cl. perfringens, 9 strains of Cl. oedematiens A, B, 5 strains of Cl. sordelli, each 3 strains of Cl. chauvoei, Cl, oedematiens C.E, and Cl. difficile, 2 strains of Cl. sporogenes. The highest percentage of contamination by Cl. perfringens was found in beef products(26.5%), and the following(5.2%) in mackerel pike and none in baitop shell. whale, manna brand. and top shell. One of 19 isolates of Clostridium perfringens found in meat products was shown to produce heat resistant spores which resist $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and others were heat labile strains which is killed at $90^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The distribution of Hobbs' serotype of 19 isolates were each 4 strains of type 6, 8, and 11, 1 strain of type 13 and others untypable. 19 Strains of Cl. perfringens were shown a marked susceptibility to cefamezin, lincomycin and minocin and relatively sensitive to vibraimycin, geopen, and chloramphenicol. A marked resistance to kanamycin, colimycin, and gentamycin were shown. Aerobic enteropathogens from samples were not recovered.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

We present a study of the old open cluster Trumpler 5 (Tr 5), based on the CDS archival data. From the color-magnitude diagrams of Tr 5, we have found the positions of main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) and red giant clump (RGC) stars. Using the mean magnitude of the RGC stars, we have estimated the reddening toward Tr 5, E(B - V) = 0.60 $\pm$ 0.10. Using the stars common in two data sets and the theoretical isochrones of Padova group, we have estimated the distance modulus $V_o - M_v = 12.64 {\pm} 0.20 (d = 3.4 {\pm} 0.3 kpc)$, the metallicity [Fe/H) = -0.30 $\pm$ 0.10, and the age of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.2 Gyr (log t = 9.38). These metallicity and distance values are consistent with the relation between the metallicity and the Galactocentric distance of other old open clusters, for which we obtain the slope of ${\Delta}[Fe/H]/ R_{gc} = -0.064 {\pm} 0.010\;dex\;kpc^{-1}$.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-43
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• 1997

The barrier membranes for GTR procedure could be affected bY bacterial contamination after exposure to oral environment. This study was done to evaluate whether the tetracycline impregnated barrier membranes could inhibit bacterial attachment and penetration into membranes. The resorbable membrane(polylactic and polyglycolide copolymer, $Resolute^{(R)}$, W.L Gore and Associates, Inc..USA) and the non-resorbable membrane(e-PTFE; Gore-TexTM, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.,USA) were cut into 4mm discs and trated with 5% tridodecylmethylammonium chloride solution in ethanol and dried in air. The membranes were immersed in tetracycline(TC) solution (100mg/ml, pH 8.0) and dried. To the maxillary canine-premolar region in six periodontally healthy volunteers, removable acrylic devices were inserted, on which 8 cylindrical chambers were glued with TC impregnated and non-impregnated discs, the membrane discs were examined for bacterial attachment and penetration, and structural changes under SEM and LM. From the 1st day to the 7th day, membranes showed bacterial plaque formation composed of cocci and rods. Thereafter, filamentous bacteria appeared and the plaque thickness increased. The TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes showed less bacterial attachment and delayed in bacterial plaque maturation than non-treated membranes. As for bacterial penetration, the TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes showed superficial invasion and infrequent presence of bacteria in unexposed inner surface at the 4th week. while the non-treated e-PTFE membranes showed deep bacterial invasion at the 2nd week and frequent presence of internal bacteria at the 4th week. The resorbable membranes started to be resorbed at the 2nd week and were perforated at the 4th week, regardless of TC treatment. In conclusion, bacterial plaque formation and penetration was efficiently delayed in TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes, whereas resorbable membranes were similar in bacterial invasion due to membrane degradation and perforation, regardless of TC treatment.