• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

상부 칩과 하부 기판이 모두 Si으로 구성되어 있는 플립칩 패키지 시편을 제조하여 $130{\~}160^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 $3{\~}4{\times}10^4 A/cm^2$의 전류밀도를 가하여 주면서 플립칩 본딩된 Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 electromigration 거동을 분석하였다. Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 cathode로부터 anode로의 electromigration에 의해 Cu UBM이 완전히 소모되어 cathode부위에서 void가 형성됨으로써 파괴가 발생하였다. Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 electromigration에 대한 활성화 에너지는 $3{\times}10^4 A/cm^2$의 전류밀도에서는 0.61 eV, $3.5{\times}10^4 A/cm^2$의 전류밀도에서는 0.63 eV, $4{\times}10^4 A/cm^2$의 전류밀도에서는 0.77 eV로 측정되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2020

A-자리 결함 이중 Perovskite La1/3TaO3 단결정 시편을 제작하여 10~800 K 온도범위에서 유전특성을 조사하였다. 500 K 이하에서는 상유전성 거동이 나타났으며, 550 K 이상에서 유전이상과 유전상수의 열이력(thermal hysterisis)가 나타났다. 교류전도도 측정에 의한 활성화 에너지는 560 K 이하 영역에서 1.83 eV로 가장 크며, 560~690 K 영역에서 0.35 eV, 690 K 이상인 고온 영역에서 0.28 eV로 나타났다 이러한 결과로부터 500 K 이하 영역에서는 La3+-이온과 공공-자리가 무질서하게 배열하여 상유전상을 유지하며, 가장 높은 활성화 에너지를 나타낸 560 K 부근 영역에서는 La3+-이온이 공공-자리로의 전도 혹은 점프에 의한 재배열에 기인하여 유전이상이 나타난 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2521-2523
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• 2013

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer or papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer. The fact that it occasionally occurs in women aged 30-40 years old suggests that genetic alterations are involved its genesis. Recently, activator mutations in BRAF gene have been relatively frequently discovered. Materials and Methods: In this study, we tested 63 DNA samples from PTC patients to identify the V600E mutation frequency in the Ahvaz population. DNA was isolated from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) PTC tumor tissues. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by direct DNA sequencing of a subset of PCR products. PCR-RFLP data were reported as genotype frequencies and percentages. Results: Forty nine out of 63 patients (77.8%) had a mutated heterozygote form while 14 (22.2%) showed normal genotype but none demonstrated a mutant homozygote genotype. The frequency of V600E mutation was significantly high in PTC patients. Conclusions: These findings support involvement of V600E mutations in PTC occurrence in Iran. Assessment of correlations between BRAF V600E mutations and papillary thyroid cancer progression needs to be performed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2024

Object Detection is an emerging technology in the field of Computer Vision and Image Processing that deals with detecting objects of a particular class in digital images. It has considered being one of the complicated and challenging tasks in computer vision. Earlier several machine learning-based approaches like SIFT (Scale-invariant feature transform) and HOG (Histogram of oriented gradients) are widely used to classify objects in an image. These approaches use the Support vector machine for classification. The biggest challenges with these approaches are that they are computationally intensive for use in real-time applications, and these methods do not work well with massive datasets. To overcome these challenges, we implemented a Deep Learning based approach Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in this paper. The Proposed approach provides accurate results in detecting objects in an image by the area of object highlighted in a Bounding Box along with its accuracy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.33-36
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• 1994

The characteristics of the nonvolatile MONOS memory devices as the nitride thickness is scaled down while maintaining constant tunneling oxide thickness and blocking oxide thickness have been investigated in order to obtain the 5V-programmable E$^2$PROM. We have found that 1V memory window for a 5V programming voltage and 10 year data retention can be achieved in the scaled MONOS memory devices with a 50 blocking oxide, a 57 nitride and a 19 tunneling oxide.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.123-124
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• 2007

A silver indium sulfide ($AgInS_2$) epilayer was grown by the hot wall epitaxy method, which has not been reported in the liteniture. The grown $AgInS_2$ epilayer has found to be a chalcopyrite structure and evaluated to be high quality crystal. From the photocurrent measurement in the temperature range from 30 K to 300 K, the two peaks of A and B were only observed, whereas the three peaks of A, B, and C were seen in the PC spectrum of 10 K. These peaks are ascribed to the band-to-band transition. The valence band splitting of $AgInS_2$ was investigated by means of the photocurrent measurement. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $AgInS_2$ obtained from the photocurrent spectrum was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g(T)=\;E_g(0)\;eV-(7.78\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;eV/K)T^2/(T\;+\;116\;K\;K)$. Also, Eg(0) is the energy band gap at 0 K, which is estimated to be 2.036 eV at the valence band state A and 2.186 eV at the valence band state B.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2006

The effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-hexadecane and n-dodecane) on the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient $(k_L\;a)$ were studied in flat alveolar airlift reactor and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In the flat alveolar airlift reactor, high aeration rates (>2vvm) were required in order to obtain efficient organic-aqueous phase dispersion and reliable $k_La$ measurements. Addition of 1% (v/v) n-hexadecane or n-dodecane increased the $k_La$ 1.55- and 1.33-fold, respectively, compared to the control (superficial velocity: $25.8{\times}10^{-3}m/s$, sparger orifice diameter: 0.5 mm). Analysis of the gas-liquid interfacial area a and the liquid film mass transfer coefficient $k_L$ suggests that the observed $k_La$ increase was a function of the media's liquid film mass transfer. Addition of 1% (v/v) n-hexadecane or n-dodecane to analogous setups using CSTRs led to a $k_La$ increase by a factor of 1.68 and 1.36, respectively (superficial velocity: $2.1{\times}10^{-3}m/s$, stirring rate: 250 rpm). These results propose that low-concentration addition of oxygen-vectors to aerobic microbial cultures has additional benefit relative to incubation in purely aqueous media.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제34권3_4호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2016

In this paper we introduce a new graph labeling called k-prime cordial labeling. Let G be a (p, q) graph and 2 ≤ p ≤ k. Let f : V (G) → {1, 2, . . . , k} be a map. For each edge uv, assign the label gcd (f(u), f(v)). f is called a k-prime cordial labeling of G if |v_f (i) − v_f (j)| ≤ 1, i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k} and |e_f (0) − e_f (1)| ≤ 1 where v_f (x) denotes the number of vertices labeled with x, e_f (1) and e_f (0) respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and not labeled with 1. A graph with a k-prime cordial labeling is called a k-prime cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the k-prime cordial labeling behavior of a star and we have proved that every graph is a subgraph of a k-prime cordial graph. Also we investigate the 3-prime cordial labeling behavior of path, cycle, complete graph, wheel, comb and some more standard graphs.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1993

어병 세균으로부터 분리된 R-plasmid의 특성과 그 DNA 구조는 Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Enterococcus seriolicida, Pasteurella piscicida, Vibrio onguillarum등 세균의 종류에 따라 다르다. 그러나 A. hydrophila와 E. tarda로부터 그리고 A. hydrophila와 A. salmonicida로부터 분리된 몇몇 R-plasmid는 같은 내성형을 가지면서 유사한 DNA 구조를 보였다, V. anguillarum에서 분리된 R-plasmid는 1977년 이전, 1980년과 1983년 사이 그리고 1989년과 1991년 사이에 분리된 것이 그 DNA 구조에 차이를 보여 각각 그룹 1, 2, 3으로 구분되어졌다. P. piscicida의 경우에는 연도와 지역에 관계없이 동일한 DNA 구조를 갖는 R-plasmid가 분리되었다. Macrolide계 항생제(MLs), lincomycin(LM), tetracycline(TC) 그리고 MLs, LIM, chloramphenicol(CP) 내성을 나타내는 R-plasmid를 갖는 E. seriolicida가 각 지역의 Yellowtail 어장에 분포되어 있었다. P. piscicida의 R-plasmid에는 type I의 chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT)에 의하여 CP 내성을 나타내는 유전자(cat)가, 그리고 E. tarda, A. salmonicida와 1980년 이후에 분리된 V. anguillarum의 R-plasmid에는 CAT type II에 해당하는 car 유전자가 분포되어 있었다. TC 내성 유전자(tet)의 경우에는 1977년 이전과 1980년 이후에 분리된 V. anguillarum으로부터 class B, G의 tet 유전자가 확인되었으나, E. tarda, P. piscicida, A. hydrophila 그리고 1989년 이후에 분리된 V. anguillarum등 어병세균의 R-plasmid에는 class D의 tet 유전자가 널리 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.966-971
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• 1988

AES was used to study oxygen adsorption due to the oxygen exposure at 300\ulcorner temperature and segregation of impurities due to annealing on polycrystal copper surface. The intensity of peak of CuM2, 3VV and CuL3 VV increased with annealing time and the peak of CKLL increased after Ar ion bombardment. The effect of oxygen adsorption on copper surface at 300\ulcorner was verified by the decreased of peak of CuM2, 3VV and CuL3 VV as oxygen exposure increase. The binding energy of copper atoms gradualy shifts from 0.7eV to 1.5eV of copper atoms gradually shifts from 0.7eV to 1.5eV after a oxygen exposure. After the oxygen exposure, the width at half the height of CuM2, 3VV is larger 2V*C/S by the effect of chemical liaison of the copper aton with oxygen atom.