• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.77-97
• /
• 2014

It is necessary to find the practical considerations for applying RDA in building up the bibliographic records by importing RDA records from LC or OCLC in Korea. Especially, it is not easy to apply RDA appropriately because there are many alternatives and options in RDA. Therefore, this study is to grasp the way for applying RDA in building up the bibliographic records by reviewing LC RDA guidelines and analyzing RDA cataloging policies of libraries such as University of Chicago, North Carolina State University, and Standford University. As a result, these libraries have catalogued according to LC RDA guidelines and each library has its own guidelines, i.e., in statement of responsibilities, to transcribe all but exceptionally allow to transcribe only first, in publication statement, to use 264 field or 260 field, and in resource types, to transcribe all types of content, media and carrier or to transcribe 33X with GMD. Therefore followings would be considered for RDA application. First, some variations could be allowed for special situations of libraries in applying RDA and LC RDA guidelines. Second, the hybrid records that describe the core element of RDA to non-RDA records would be written in processing AACR2 to RDA. Third;the display of 33X field would be designed for expressing the resource types.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.126-139
• /
• 1994

Best-estimate thermal-hydraulic codes, CATHARE2 V1.2 and RELAP5/MOD3, hate been assessed against the BETHSY 6.2 tc six-inch cold leg break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) test. Main objective is to analyze the overall capabilities of the two codes on physical phenomena of concern during the small break LOCA i.e. two-phase critical flow, depressurization, core water level de-pression, loop seal clearing, liquid holdup, etc. The calculation results show that the too codes predict well both in the occurrences and trends of major two-phase flow phenomena observed. Especially, the CATHARE2 calculations show better agreements with the experimental data. However, the two codes, in common, show some deviations in the predictions of loop seal clearing, collapsed core water level after the loop seal clearing, and accumulator injection behaviors. The discrepancies found from the comprision with the experimental data are larger in the RELAP5 results than in the CATHARE2. To analyze the deviations of the two code predictions in detail, several sensitivity calculations have been performed. In addition to the change of two-phase discharge coefficients for the break junction, fine nodalization and some corrections of the interphase drag term are made. For CATHARE2, the change of interphase drag force improves the mass distribution in the primary side. And the prediction of SG pressure is improved by the modification of boundary conditions. For RELAP5, any single input change doesn't improve the whole result and it is found that the interphase drag model has still large uncertainties.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.474-487
• /
• 2005

T-DMB (Terrestrial-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) adopted MPEG-4 BIFS (Binary Format for Scene) Core2D scene description profile and graphics profile as the standard of video associated data service. By using BIFS, we can support to overlay objects, i.e. text, stationary image, circle, polygon, etc., on the main display of receiving end according to the properties designated in broadcasting side and to make clickable buttons and website links on desired objects. Therefore, a variety of interactive data services can be served by BIFS. In this paper, we implement real-time video associated data service system far T-DMB. Our developing system places emphasis on real-time data service by user operation and on inter-working and stability with our previously developed video encoder. Our system consists of BIFS Real-time System, Automatic Stream Control System and Receiving Monitoring System. Basic functions of our system are designed to reflect T-DMB programs and characteristics of program production environment as a top priority. Our developed system was used in BIFS trial service via KBS T-DMB, it is supposed to be used in T-DMB main service after improvement process such as intensifying system stability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.234-251
• /
• 1995

본 연구에서는 EDI감사 의사결정지원시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 기존의 EDP감사 의사결정지원시스템 및 감사전문가시스템분야의 연구를 고찰했다. EDI감사를 위한 의사결정지원시스템은 통계, 위험, 회사의 개요, 테스트 항목등의 데이타를 저장한 데이타베이스 시스템이다. 시스템 개발을 위해서 E/R(Entity Relation)이나 DFD(Data Flow Diagram)분석을 통해서 논리적인 설계를 하였다. 시스템 개발은 개인용 데이타베이스팩키지인 FoxPro를 사용하였다. 이 시스템을 통해서 감사인이 필요한 테스트 결과를 조회하거난 저장할 수 있고 통제, 위험, 회사등의 상호조회를 통한 필요한 통제나 위험정도를 쉽게 조회해 볼수 있다. 회사마다 필요한 통제, 위험, 테스트 항목등의 체크리스트가 달라지는 경우에 이 시스템을 통해서 입력 저장하여 각각의 회사에 대해 다른 체크리스트를 저장하여 놓을수 있다. 본 시스템은 EDI감사뿐만 아니라 일반 EDP감사분야에도 적용가능할 것이다. 종이를 사용한 감사증적이 없음으로 인해 수작업에 의한 EDI감사는 어려움이 있고 EDP감사시스템분야의 국내 연구가 전무한 실정에서 EDI감사를 지원하는 시스템의 연구는 의의를 갖는다고 생각된다. 본 시스템을 통해서 EDI의 보안 및 감사업무의 효율성이 높아지고 EDI에 대한 위험에 효율적으로 대처할수 있게 될 것이다. 그리고 이러한 보안 및 감사기법과 통제모형을 지식베이스로 구축해서 실제의 위험노출상황에서 가능한 보안을 위한 통제방안이 여러가지가 있는 경우에 비용/편익 분석, 효율성, 회사방침 및 법률적인 문제등을 고려해서 최적의 보안통제 및 감사기법을 선택하는 것을 지원할 수 있을 것이다.고리듬을 개발 함으로써 내부점 선형계획법의 수행속도의 개선에 도움이 될 것이다.성요소들을 제시하였다.용자 만족도가 보다 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 할 수 있는 효율적인 distributed system를 개발하는 것을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 데이타베이스론의 입장에서 아직 정립되어 있지 않은 분산 환경하에서의 관계형 데이타베이스의 데이타관리의 분류체계를 나름대로 정립하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 또한 이것의 응용은 현재 분산데이타베이스 구축에 있어 나타나는 기술적인 문제점들을 어느정도 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 그 중요성이 있다.ence of a small(IxEpc),hot(Tex> SOK) core which contains two tempegatlue peaks at -15" east and north of MDS. The column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2002

Libraries, not only research libraries but also public libraries, have been fundamentally affected by the immense spread of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Many public libraries have their Web pages, through which they are providing their new and conventional services. There are also web sites which provide library-like services. This paper shows an experimental project named Internet Public Library Asia, which provides information in multiple languages of information resources published in Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages. This paper firstly overviews how traditional public libraries have been affected by the Internet. Then, it describes a few aspects from the viewpoint of crucial library function on the Internet and also from the viewpoint of Asian resources and users. This paper secondly proposes a model to serve information about valuable resources published in multiple Asian languages, and then shows the metadata schema and a few software tools developed for IPL-Asia The name of IPL is borrowed from Internet Public Library based at University of Michigan, since it is, in part, a collaborative activity with the IPL in Michigan. The metadata schema is defined based both on Dublin Core and IEEE LOM and adapted for parallel description in the four languages, i. e. , Chinese, Japanese, Korean and English. The software tools provide functions to support collaboration among people engaged in development of metadata database and metadata editing. These tools have been developed based on the XML technologies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1644-1655
• /
• 2019

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) have been employed to improve the intestinal development of weaned animals. The goal of this study was to determine whether either exogenous S. cerevisiae or GLP-2 elicits major effects on fecal microbiotas and cytokine responses in weaned piglets. Ninety-six piglets weaned at 26 days were assigned to one of four groups: 1) Basal diet (Control), 2) empty vector-harboring S. cerevisiae (EV-SC), 3) GLP-2-expressing S. cerevisiae (GLP2-SC), and 4) recombinant human GLP-2 (rh-GLP2). At the start of the post-weaning period (day 0), and at day 28, fecal samples were collected to assess the bacterial communities via sequencing the V1-V2 region of the 16S-rRNA gene, and piglets' blood was also sampled to measure cytokine responses (i.e., IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$). This study revealed that, on the one hand, although S. cerevisiae supplementation did not significantly alter the growth of weaned piglets, it induced increases in the relative abundances of two core genera (Ruminococcaceae_norank and Erysipelotrichaceae_norank) and decreases in the relative abundances of two other core genera (Lachnospiraceae_norank and Clostridiale_norank) and cytokine levels (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) (p < 0.05, Control vs EV-SC; p < 0.05, rh-GLP2 vs GLP2-SC). On the other hand, GLP-2 supplementation had no significant influence on fecal bacterial communities and cytokine levels, but it produced better body weight and average daily gain (p < 0.05, Control vs EV-SC; p < 0.05, rh-GLP2 vs GLP2-SC). Therefore, altered fecal microbiotas and cytokine response effects in weaned piglets were due to S. cerevisiae rather than GLP-2.

• 재활복지
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.187-207
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of defining concrete and abstract nouns for the elderly. A total of 382 elderly participated in this study and they were classified into four age groups (i.e., over 55 to under 64, over 65 to under 74, over 75 to under 84, and over 85 year-old group). They performed the word definition task, composed of five concrete and five abstract nouns. The total scores and numbers and ratio of core/supplementary meanings were compared among four elderly groups. The frequency and ratio of error types were also examined. The results showed that all four groups had statistically significant differences in total scores, numbers and ratio of core and supplementary meaning of concrete noun definition task. In addition, abstract noun definition performances revealed group differences except the two groups (over 75 to under 84 and over 85-year-old group). The oldest group showed a sharp increase in error production. The highest ratio of error types were personal experience in over 55 to under 64-year-old group, and over 65 to under 74 year-old groups; and for the target word repetition in over 75 to under 84 year-old group; and no response in over 85 year-old group. In conclusion, both concrete and abstract word defining abilities had age-related deterioration. This decline results from impairment in spreading semantic knowledge within semantic network, which is vulnerable to aging. Characteristics of word definition for elderly can provide basic information to understand various neurolinguistic disorders associated with age.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 2013

In the present study, we apply the multiple cue probability learning (MCPL) paradigm to examine consumer learning from feedback in repeated trials. This paradigm is useful in investigating consumer learning, especially learning the relationships between the overall quality and attributes. With this paradigm, we can analyze what people learn from repeated trials by using the lens model, i.e., whether it is knowledge or consistency. In addition to introducing this paradigm, we aim to demonstrate that knowledge people gain from repeated trials with feedback is robust enough to weaken one of the most often examined contextual effects, the asymmetric dominance effect. The experiment consists of learning session and a choice task and stimuli are sport rafting boats with motor engines. During the learning session, the participants are shown an option with three attributes and are asked to evaluate its overall quality and type in a number between 0 and 100. Then an expert's evaluation, a number between 0 and 100, is provided as feedback. This trial is repeated fifteen times with different sets of attributes, which comprises one learning session. Depending on the conditions, the participants do one (low) or three (high) learning sessions or do not go through any learning session (no learning). After learning session, the participants then are provided with either a core or an extended choice set to make a choice to examine if learning from feedback would weaken the asymmetric dominance effect. The experiment uses a between-subjects experimental design (2 × 3; core set vs. extended set; no vs. low vs. high learning). The results show that the participants evaluate the overall qualities more accurately with learning. They learn the true trade-off rule between attributes (increase in knowledge) and become more consistent in their evaluations. Regarding the choice task, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of choosing the target option in the extended sets with learning, which clearly demonstrates that learning decreases the magnitude of the asymmetric dominance effect. However, these results are significant only when no learning condition is compared either to low or high learning condition. There is no significant result between low and high learning conditions, which may be due to fatigue or reflect the characteristics of learning curve. The present study introduces the MCPL paradigm in examining consumer learning and demonstrates that learning from feedback increases both knowledge and consistency and weakens the asymmetric dominance effect. The latter result may suggest that the previous demonstrations of the asymmetric dominance effect are somewhat exaggerated. In a single choice setting, people do not have enough information or experience about the stimuli, which may lead them to depend mostly on the contextual structure among options. In the future, more realistic stimuli and real experts' judgments can be used to increase the external validity of study results. In addition, consumers often learn through repeated choices in real consumer settings. Therefore, what consumers learn from feedback in repeated choices would be an interesting topic to investigate.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2014

The Earth is not perfectly spherical and its rotational axis is not fixed in space, and these geophysical and kinematic irregularities work as dominant perturbations in satellite orbit propagation. The International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) provides the Conventions as guidelines for using the Earth's model and the reference time and coordinate systems defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). These guidelines are directly applied to model orbital dynamics of Earth satellites. In the present work, the effects of the latest conventions released in 2010 on orbit propagation are investigated by comparison with cases of applying the previous guidelines, IERS Conventions (2003). All seven major updates are tested, i.e., for the models of the precession/nutation, the geopotential, the ocean tides, the ocean pole tides, the free core nutation, the polar motion, and the solar system ephemeris. The resultant position differences for one week of orbit propagation range from tens of meters for the geopotential model change from EGM96 to EGM2008 to a few mm for the precession/nutation model change from IAU2000 to IAU2006. The along-track differences vary secularly while the cross-track components show periodic variation. However, the radial-track position differences are very small compared with the other components in all cases. These phenomena reflect the variation of the ascending node and the argument of latitude. The reason is that the changed models tested in the current study can be regarded as small fluctuations of the geopotential model from the point of view of orbital dynamics. The ascending node and the argument of latitude are more sensitive to the geopotential than the other elements. This study contributes to understanding of the relation between the Earth's geophysical properties and orbital motion of satellites as well as satellite-based observations.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2018

Type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been discovered in a variety of gram-negative bacteria as a versatile weapon to stimulate the killing of eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic competitors. Type VI secretion effectors (T6SEs) are well known as key virulence factors for important pathogenic bacteria. In many Burkholderia species, T6SS has evolved as the most complicated secretion pathway with distinguished types to translocate diverse T6SEs, suggesting their essential roles in this genus. Here we attempted to detect and characterize T6SSs and potential T6SEs in target genomes of plant-associated and environmental Burkholderia species based on computational analyses. In total, 66 potential functional T6SS clusters were found in 30 target Burkholderia bacterial genomes, of which 33% possess three or four clusters. The core proteins in each cluster were specified and phylogenetic trees of three components (i.e., TssC, TssD, TssL) were constructed to elucidate the relationship among the identified T6SS clusters. Next, we identified 322 potential T6SEs in the target genomes based on homology searches and explored the important domains conserved in effector candidates. In addition, using the screening approach based on the profile hidden Markov model (pHMM) of T6SEs that possess markers for type VI effectors (MIX motif) (MIX T6SEs), 57 revealed proteins that were not included in training datasets were recognized as novel MIX T6SE candidates from the Burkholderia species. This approach could be useful to identify potential T6SEs from other bacterial genomes.