• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

Purpose - There have been numerous studies investigating the effects of corporate social responsibility initiatives on corporate associations or corporate images. In line of this research stream, current research examined the potential impact of customer participation in the process of corporate social responsibility initiatives on attitude toward the company. This research differentiates from previous studies that it is the first to connect corporate social responsibility and customer participation. Specifically, we suggest a structural model on corporate associations which was classified into corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations that the more the customers participate in initiating corporate social responsibility, corporate associations were formed more positively. And this leads to the increase of revisit intentions through customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our research model, we collected data of real consumers of a large discount store in Korea. At the large discount store, customers were given an opportunity to participate the discount store's CSR activity program. We performed field survey and collected data of 146 respondents. We analyzed the data using PASW statistics 21.0 and AMOS 16.0 in order to test our structural model. Results - The results showed that consumers who participated more in initiating corporate social responsibility revealed higher score for corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations. These corporate associations had a positive effect on customer satisfaction, which leads to higher attitude toward revisit intentions. Specifically, hypothesis 1.1 "As Customer participation in CSR process increases, the evaluation of CA associations will be positive,"was supported. Hypothesis 1.2 "As Customer participation in CSR process increases, the evaluation of CSR associations will be positive," was supported. Hypothesis 2.1 "As the evaluation of CA associations is positive, satisfaction with the firm will increase," was supported. Hypothesis 2.1 "As the evaluation of CSR associations is positive, satisfaction with the firm will increase," was supported. Hypothesis 3 "As satisfaction with the firm increases, revisit intentions with the firm will increase," was supported. Conclusions - This research is the first to study the relationship between customer participation in CSR process, CSR, and consumer reactions. This research also contributes to customer participation and corporate social responsibility literature by suggesting customer participation as an antecedent and empirically demonstrating the positive relationships between the constructs. The findings of this research may offer managerial implications for marketing practitioners. When performing corporate social initiatives, it is better to let the customer participate in the process which leads to higher corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations, also higher satisfaction and revisit intentions. Our results provide useful information to practioners that spontaneous participation of consumers makes CSR initiatives effective and successful. Limitations and ideas for further research remain in this research. For example, our focus on the logic was cognitive evaluations(e.g. corporate associations) but affective dimensions might be considered since recent researches are investigating the relationship between customer participation and affective reaction as a response. Despite the limitations, this research have unique and applicable implications for academics and practitioners.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1959

The bamboo, one of staples of South-East Asia, has 1, 250 species in 46 Genus throughout the world South-East Asia, it's main habitat, has 1, 180 species, while South America has about 70 species or so. Major places of it's production in Asia are Korea, southern China, Japan, Malay, Ceylon, Formosa, and Philipine, but of these, Korea, southern China, and Japan are the most famous places for their production of excellant bamboo. In Korea, Kyongsang-Namdo and Cholla-Namdo are known as it's home, occupying 80 per cent of the total area of bamboo production in this country. Kyongsang-Pukdo, Cholla-Pukdo, Chungehong-Namdo, and Kangwon-do are also known as it's minor production. The importance of the bamboo can not be ignored, considering it's role in the industrial development of this country; the bamboo-ware is indispensable for the culture of laver which annually secures a considerable amount of foreign money. But it has long been regreted that the home-made bamboo-ware is far from being able to meet the ever increasing demand in quantity and is forced to be imported annually. In the light of the above mentioned fact, much interested; I undertook the task of investigating the bamboo in this country, Primarily concerned in it's kind and distribution, and could draw the following conclusions as the first phase of my investigation: (1). The amount of the bamboo accumulation in this country, compared with that of pre-worldwar II, is reduced as much as 300, 000 fagots(on fagot amounts to 25 pieces), and now the acreage of the bamboo field is 32, 200$\textrm{km}^2$s. (2). At a mountian peak in Kunoe-myon Wando-kun Cholla-Namdo, I found out a new specis. (Shasamorpha chiisanensis NAKAI Forma wan-Ponia H. P. CHONG) (3). The kinds of the autogenous wild bamboo in this country are as follows; a). 8 kinds in Sinoarundinaria. (5 Spp; 2 For; 1 Var) b). 1 kinds in Pieioplastus. (1 Spp) c). 2 kinds in Pseudosasa. (1 Spp; 1Var.) d) 4 kinds in Sasamorpha. (2 Spp; 1 For.; 1 Var.) e). 4 kinds in Sasa. (4 Spp) In total there are nineteen(19) kinds of autogenous wild bamboo in this country. When adding to this thethirty five (35) species which the japanese has transplanted in Kyongsang-Namdo Forestry Expreimental stations, there are in all fifty four (54) spe ies in this country. (4). As for the distribution of the Northern limitation of the bamboo growing, I found that Sinoarundinaria nigra OHWI var, Henonis HONDA can be cultivated as for as Kosongkun, Kangwon-Do, andSinoarundinaria pubescens HONDA as for as Clung Chong Namdo, and Sinoarundinaria reticulata as far as chung Chong-Pukdo.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic relationships among Advertising Cost (AD), Newly Registered Users(NRU), and Buying Users(BU) of Social Network Game(SNG). SNG is getting pervasive mainly due to the rapid growth of mobile game and Social Network Service(SNS). It would be helpful for marketing researchers interested in SNG and related practitioners to understand the changes in AD, NRU, and BU with time as well as the effects on one another in mutual and dynamic way. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Necessary data were collected from Social Network Game(SNG) company. AD, NRU, and BU are endogenous variables, but new event such as launching (event) and holidays(holiday) are exogenous dummy variables. Vector Auto regression (VAR) model is generally used to examine and capture the dynamic relationships among endogenous variables. VAR model can easily capture dynamic and endogenous relationships among time-series variables. Vector Auto regression with Exogenous variables(VARX) is a model in which exogenous variables are added to VAR. To investigate this study, VARX is applied. Result - By estimating the VARX model, the author finds that the past periods' NRU affect negatively and significantly the present AD, and past periods' BU have a positive and significant impact on the increase of AD. In addition, the author shows that the past periods' AD and BU have a positive and significant effect on the increase of NRU, and the past periods' AD affect positively and significantly BU. While the impact of AD on NRU happens after 3 or 4 days (carryover effect), that of AD on BU comes about within just 1 or 2 days (immediate effect). The effect of BU on NRU can be considered as word of mouth (WOM effect). Therefore, SNG companies can obtain not only the growth of revenue but also the increase of NRU by increasing BU. Through those results, the author can also find that there are significant interactions between endogenous variables. Conclusion - This study intends to investigate endogenous and dynamic relationships between AD, NRU, and BU. They also give managerial implications to practitioners for SNS and SNG firms. Through this study, it is found that there exist significant interactions and dynamic relationships between those three endogenous variables. The results of this study can have meaningful implications for practitioners and researchers of SNG. This research is unique in that it deals with "actual" field data and intend to find "actual" relationships among variables unlike other related existing studies which intend to investigate psychological factors affecting the intention of game usage and the intention of purchasing game items. This study is also meaningful by showing that the increase of BU can be a good strategy for "killing birds with one stone" (i.e., revenue growth and NRU increase). Although there are some limitations related with future research topics, this research contributes to the current research on SNG marketing in the above mentioned ways.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2006

Shack-Hartmann 파면측정 센서는 적응광학 분야에서 파면측정용으로 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. Shack-Hartmann 센서에서 파면측정 알고리즘은 크게 점영상의 중심점 탐색 알고리즘과 파면복원 알고리즘으로 나눌 수 있다. 이 중 점영상의 중심점 탐색은 파면측정 결과에 크게 영향을 미치나 많은 연구결과에도 불구하고 최적의 중심점 측정 알고리즘 및 내부 변수 설정에 대한 일반적인 해결책은 아직 제시되지 못하고 있다. 현재, 중심점 탐색 알고리즘으로는 무게중심법(center of gravity)이 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중심점 탐색 알고리즘에 의한 측정 정확도 분석을 위해 무게중심법과 상관관계법(correlation)을 함께 고려하였다. 이를 위해 Shack-Hartmann 센서의 파면측정 과정을 전산모사하였고, 이로부터 중심점 탐색 알고리즘과 관련하여 무게중심법 및 상관관계법에서의 노이즈 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 또한, 무게중심법에서 문턱값(threshold value)의 설정에 따른 파면측정의 정확도에 대한 분석을 통하여 노이즈 제거를 위한 최적의 문턱값을 제안하였다. 이와 더불어 Shack-Hartmann 센서 시스템을 구성하여 디포커스(defocus)를 발생시키고 이를 측정하는 실험을 수행함으로써 파면측정 알고리즘 및 전산모사 결과를 검증하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2018

The pristine fluorine-doped $SnO_2$ (abbreviated as FTO) inverse opal (IO) was developed using a 410 nm polystyrene bead template. The nanolayered copper tungsten oxide ($CuWO_4$) was decorated on the FTO IO film using a facile electrochemical deposition, subsequently followed by annealing at $500^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. The morphologies, crystalline structure, optical properties and photoelectrochemical characteristics of the FTO and $CuWO_4$-decorated FTO (briefly denoted as $FTO/CuWO_4$) IO film were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing FTO IO in the hexagonally closed-pack arrangement with a pore diameter and wall thickness of about 300 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Above this film, the $CuWO_4$ was electrodeposited by controlling the cycling number in cyclic voltammetry, suggesting that the $CuWO_4$ formed during 4 cycles (abbreviated as $CuWO_4$(4 cycles)) on FTO IO film exhibited partial distribution of $CuWO_4$ nanoparticles. Additional distribution of $CuWO_4$ nanoparticles was observed in the case of $FTO/CuWO_4$(8 cycles) IO film. The $CuWO_4$ layer exhibits triclinic structure with an indirect band gap of approximately 2.5 eV and shows the enhanced visible light absorption. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior was evaluated in the 0.5 M $Na_2SO_4$ solution under solar illumination, suggesting that the $FTO/CuWO_4$(4 cycles) IO films exhibit a photocurrent density ($J_{sc}$) of $0.42mA/cm^2$ at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE, denoted as $V_{RHE}$), while the FTO IO and $FTO/CuWO_4$(8 cycles) IO films exhibited a $J_{sc}$ of 0.14 and $0.24mA/cm^2$ at $1.23V_{RHE}$, respectively. This difference can be explained by the increased visible light absorption by the $CuWO_4$ layer and the favorable charge separation/transfer event in the cascading band alignment between FTO and $CuWO_4$ layer, enhancing the overall PEC performance.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2022

우리나라에서 우박에 의한 피해는 매년 발생하고 있으며, 특히 농업 분야의 경우 노지 작물과 재배 시설에 치명적인 손실을 입히고 있다. 이러한 우박 피해를 최소화하기 위해 국내 주산지 분포와 작물 생육에 맞춤화 된 우박정보 서비스 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 그러나 우박의 관측은 다른 기상 변수에 비해 상대적으로 많은 어려움이 따르고 자료도 시공간적으로 불균일성이 크며 산발적이다. 이에 본 연구는 우박정보 서비스 시스템 개발의 일환으로 우박 발생에 대한 시·공간 분포를 파악하기 위해 자연과학적 자료인 기상청 목측자료와 사회과학적 자료인 신문기사 자료를 통합한 우박 관측 DB를 구축하고, 이를 기반으로 우박위험지도를 제작하였다. 이러한 다학제적 우박 자료 융합을 통해 우박 자료의 공백기간과 공백지역에 대해서 보완이 될 수 있었다. 지역별 우박 발생 시기와 빈도 및 크기에 대해 분석한 결과, 최근으로 올수록 크기가 큰 우박의 비중이 증가하였고, 발생 시간은 상승기류가 잘 형성되는 오후 시간대에 주로 분포하였다. 강원, 경북, 충북 등 남한의 북동쪽과 일부 내륙 지역이 더 자주 발생하였고, 겨울에는 북쪽 해안과 일부 내륙 지역에 주로 싸락 우박이 발생하였다. 통합 자료를 이용하여 제작한 우박 위험지도를 통해 1970~2018년 기간의 전국적인 발생 분포 특성과 극값들이 제시되었다. 이번 연구에서 제작된 우박위험지도는 작물 재배적지 선정과 생육 관리에 다학제적인 응용기후 자료로서 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.643-659
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• 2022

최근 지중저장기술(예, 온실가스 심지층 처분, 인공지열저류층 발전 등)이 활발히 수행됨에 따라, 유체 주입과 저장부지 안정성 사이의 역학적 관계에 관한 정량적 이해의 중요성이 인지되고 있다. 지중 유체 주입은 공극압 및 지중응력 교란과 지층의 역학적 불안정성을 야기할 수 있어, 유체 주입에 대한 다공탄성 수치 모형 구축이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 순차적인 COMSOL-PyLith-COMSOL 유체 주입-유발지진 다공탄성 수치 모사를 수행한다. 유한요소 상용 소프트웨어인 COMSOL을 이용해 단층에 가해지는 쿨롱 파괴 응력(CFS) 변화를 시간에 따라 추적하였고, CFS 변화량이 임계값(예, 0.1 MPa)을 초과할 경우, 모형의 정보(기하구조, 물성 등)를 유한요소 오픈소스 코드인 PyLith로 이동시키는 알고리즘을 구축했다. PyLith는 단층의 미끄러짐을 모사하고, 미끌림에 의한 변위장을 획득한다. 이후 변위장을 COMSOL로 이동시켜 지진에 의한 응력 및 표면 변위를 계산한다. 수치 모사 결과, 주입 기간 중엔 주입정 근거리에서 큰 변화(공극압, CFS 변화 등)를 보였고, 주입 종류 후에는 잔류 응력이 원거리 영역으로 확산하는 양상이 나타났다. 이는 주입 종료 후 지속적인 모니터링의 필요성을 제안한다. 또한, 단층과 주입층 물성(예, 투수계수, Biot-Willis 계수)에 따른 CFS 변화량 비교는 주입정 위치 선정 시 주입층 및 주변 지층에 대한 물성 파악이 중요함을 의미한다. 단층 미끄러짐 양에 따른 표면 변위 및 이암층에 가해지는 편차응력은 다양한 단층 미끌림 시나리오 설정의 필요성을 지시한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

2005-2006년 알락수염노린재(Dolycoris baccarum)의 알 기생천적 조사에서 Trissolcus nigripedius가 안동, 밀양, 남해, 수원의 4지역에서 분포하고, 알락수염노린재의 주요 알 기생천적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 2005년 밀양과 안동에서 채집한 가로줄노린재와 톱다리개미허리노린재의 알이 T. nigripedius에 의해 기생되어 있음을 발견하고, 알락수염노린재 외 4종의 콩 노린재류에 대한 기생여부를 확인하기 위해 기주수용행동을 관찰하였다. T. nigripedius는 알락수염노린재, 가로줄노린재, 썩덩나무노린재의 알에 대해서만 3가지 기주수용행동(촉각으로 더듬기 (drumming), 산란관으로 찌르기[oviposition], 표지[marking]) 모두를 보여주었다. 가로줄노린재의 경우 24시간 동안 알을 공급한 후 기주 알에서의 기생벌 우화율이 75%이고, 공급한 기주 알에 대해 3가지 기주수용행동을 보인 비율에서는 원래 기주인 알락수염 노린재와 차이가 없었다. 그러나 썩덩나무노린재의 알에서는 52%에서만 표지행동을 관찰할 수 있었고, 기생벌은 우화하지 못하였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재나 풀색노린재의 알에서는 더듬기와 산란관으로 찌르기를 했지만 표지를 하지 않은 것으로 보아 산란 그 자체를 하지 않았으며 기생벌이 우화하지도 않았다. 하지만 톱다리개미허리노린재의 경우에는 알을 24시간 동안 기생벌에 노출시켰을 때 약 20%가 기생되었고 30%가 치사하였다. 따라서 알락수염노린재와 가로줄노린재의 생물적 방제뿐만 아니라 톱다리개미허리노린재의 밀도억제에도 유효한 천적이 될 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

강관 내부 속채움한 현장타설말뚝에 대한 기존의 하중전이 측정에서는 강관의 변형률만 측정하고 콘크리트의 변형률은 강관과 동일하다고 가정하였으며, 시방서에 규정한 방법으로 구한 강관과 콘크리트의 탄성계수를 이용하여 말뚝 구성부재의 응력 및 축하중을 산정하였다. 그러나 강관의 변형률만 측정하여 강관과 콘크리트가 완전합성 거동하는 것으로 산정한 축하중은 실제 하중값과 상당한 차이를 보이고 있어 강관 내부 속채움한 현장타설말뚝의 거동을 정확히 분석할 수 없었다. 본 연구에서는 현장에서 제작한 콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도 시험을 통하여 탄성계수를 구하고 강재와 콘크리트의 변형률을 각각 측정할 수 있는 변형봉 센서를 이용하여 새로운 말뚝축하중 측정 방법을 제안하였다. 변형봉 센서를 사용하여 말뚝축하중을 산정할 경우 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 현장에서 제작한 콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도 시험에서 구하였으며, (0.2-0.6)$f_{ck}$의 응력 범위에 해당하는 평균접선기울기를 탄성계수로 사용하였다. 세 개의 현장타설말뚝에 대해 수행된 하중전이 측정 실험 결과를 이용하여 현장 적용성을 확인하였다. 변형봉 센서의 적용성은 대구경 현장타설말뚝에 대한 축하중 분포도를 통하여 확인하였는데, 말뚝머리에서 계산된 하중은 강관 내부속채움한 현장타설말뚝의 경우 실제작용하중에 비하여 -11∼-16% 오차를 나타내었으며, 현장타설 철근콘크리트말뚝의 경우 3.4% 오차를 나타내었다.