• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 1992

Background: Despite dyspnea is a predominant complaint of patients with respiratory disease, the mechanisms contributing to the sensation of breathlessness are poorly understood. Traditionally, physicians have measured objective pulmonary function to assess severity of dyspnea. But it will be also useful to measure subjective dyspnea index because dyspnea probably depends on a complex interplay of mechanical, experimental, emotional and other factors. Method: We measured breathlessness at rest, after Methacholine challenge and then bronchodilator inhalation using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Borg Scale Dyspnea Index (BSDI) in stable asthmatic patients. Spirometry was performed concomittently. Results: There was no correlation between dyspnea index and FEV1. There was also no correlation between the change in dyspnea index and change in FEV1. The change in dyspnea index after methacholine and bronchodilator was greater in clinically mild asthmatic patients than clinically severe symptomatic group. Conclusion: In asthmatic patients, there was a wide variation in sensory response for any given FEV1, and the change in perception of dyspnea was greater in those with clinically mild symptoms. The measurement of dyspnea index may yield information complementary to that obtained by spirometry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with congestive heart failure. Methods: We treated 1 patient who has dyspnea due to congestive heart failure with acupotomy. To check the effect and satisfaction of acupotomy we used New York Heart Association class(NYHA class), Modified Borg Scalw Dyspnea Index(Borg Index), Baseline Dyspnea Index(BDI), Five-point Likert scale. Results : After 1 month of treatment, the patient felt much better in breathing, and had better score in NYHA class, Borg Index, BDI. Conclusions : This report demonstrates that acupotomy therapy has useful effect on congestive heart failure, but the more cases and researches are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test an explanatory model of dyspnea in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: Participants were 181 patients with CLD, recruited from the outpatient pulmonary clinic of one university hospital in Korea. Data were collected using questionnaires, as well as measurement of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$), FEV1% predicted, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: The results indicated a good fit between the proposed dyspnea model and the collected data [$x^2$=91.27, p= .13, $x^2$/d.f.=1.17, Normal Fit Index= .934]. Oxygenation ($SpO_2$, = -.530), self-efficacy (= -.429), anxiety (= .253), depression (= .224), exercise endurance (6MWD, = -.211), and pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted, = -.178) had a direct effect on dyspnea (all p< .05) and these variables explained 74% of variance in dyspnea. BMI, smoking history, and social support had an indirect effect on dyspnea. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that comprehensive nursing interventions should focus on recovery of respiratory health and improvement of emotions, exercise ability, and nutritional status. From this perspective, pulmonary rehabilitation would be an effective strategy for managing dyspnea in patients with CLD.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the effect of music therapy on the physiologic index, anxiety and dyspnea of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators, and to compare the effects between western and Korean traditional music. Methods: The research format is repeated measures design. The subject group consisted of 21 patients being weaned from mechanical ventilators in a tertiary general hospital in Seoul. Each patient randomly received western music, rest, and Korean traditional music. Western and Korean traditional music were played on an MP3 head phone for 30 minutes. Patients get 30 minutes of rest between the 2 music styles and the rest period. Physiological indices, anxiety and dyspnea were measured before and after patients listened to both styles of music and the rest period. Anxiety and dyspnea were measured with a visual analogue scale. Results: Respiratory rates (RR), rapid shallow breath indexes (RSBI), anxiety and dyspnea decreased, and tidal volume (TV) increased after listening to Western and Korean tradition music in patients weaning from mechanical ventilators. Compared to western music, Korean traditional music yielded significant decreases in RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea, and an increase of TV. Conclusion: Western and Korean traditional music would decrease RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea and increase TV of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators. The effects are more pronounced in patients listening to Korean traditional music compared to western music.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious chronic condition with a global impact. Symptoms of COPD include progressive dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, and sputum production, which have a considerable impact on the lives of patients. In addition to the human cost of living with COPD and the resulting death, COPD entails a huge economic burden on the Chinese population, with patients spending up to one-third of the average family income on COPD management in some regions is clinically beneficial to adopt preventable measures via prudent COPD care utilization, monetary costs, and hospitalizations. Methods: Toward this end, this study compared the relative effectiveness of six indices in predicting patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome. The six assessment systems evaluated included the three multidimensional Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity index, Dyspnea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index, and COPD Assessment Test index, or the unidimensional measures that best predict the future of patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome among Chinese COPD patients. Results: Multiple linear regression models were created for each healthcare utilization, cost, and outcome including a single COPD index and the same group of demographic variables for each of the outcomes. Conclusion: We conclude that the DOSE index facilitates the prediction of patient healthcare utilization, disease expenditure, and negative clinical outcomes. Our study indicates that the DOSE index has a potential role beyond clinical predictions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.1 s.37
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• pp.34-43
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• 1992

To investigate the effect of hyperoxia on EKG findings and to evaluate the applicability of EKG as noninvasive monitoring index of oxygen toxicity, 38 rabbits were continuously exposed to 6 different conditions-3 hyperbaric oxygenations (HBO-2.5, 3.5 and 5ATA, 100% $O_2$), normobaric oxygenation (NBO,100% $O_2$), hyperbaric aeration (HBA-5ATA, 21% $O_2$) and normobaric aeration (NBA, 21% $O_2$)-for 120 minutes and their EKG and time to dyspnea and convulsion were recorded. Dyspnea and death were observed in exposure conditions of HBO-3.5 and HBO-5 (Positive rate of dyspnea 10%, 100%, death : 10%, 25%, respectively) only, and convulsion in 4 oxygenation groups (NBO;20%, HBO-2.5;20%, HBO-3.5;20%, HBO-5;88%). Abnormal EKG findings included arrhythmia and ST-T changes and the incidences was increasing with doses(partial pressure of oxygen). In addition to EKG change, findings observed during exposure were dyspnea and convulsion in the order of appearance and when non specific ST-T change was accepted as positive(abnormal) finding, the frequency of abnormal EKG was statistically significant(p<0.01), but when it was excluded from positive results, the frequency of EKG change was not significant(p>0.05). These results suggest that the effect of hyperoxia on heart is myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia, that oxygenation more than 3.5ATA causes myocardial damage in 120 minutes exposure, and that EKG is valuable as monitoring index of oxygen toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.266-278
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of reinforced walking exercise on dyspnea-fatigue symptoms, daily activities, walking ability and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in heart failure patients. Methods: This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The participants (experimental group=16, control group=25) were recruited from a university hospital in Kyeong-nam area. Data were collected from March to September, 2015. The reinforced walking exercise included goal setting and feedback (telephone and text message) provided for 12 weeks. Dyspnea-Fatigue Index, Korean Activity Scale/Index (KASI), six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and HRQoL were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher's exact test, $x^2$ test, and Kolmogrove-Smirnov test. Results: Prior to the intervention there were no differences in the research variables between two groups. The exercise compliance in the experimental group was 100% (walking for 50 minutes per day, 5 times per week). The experimental group had improved dyspnea-fatigue symptoms (t=8.63, p<.001), daily activities (t=-4.92, p<.001), longer 6MWD (t=-5.66, p<.001), and increased HRQoL (t=-9.05, p<.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The reinforced walking exercise could be a cost-effective intervention in heart failure patient, which could enhance patients' outcomes, such as improving dyspnea-fatigue symptoms, daily activities, walking ability, and quality of life.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2020

This study reports the effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine in treating tetraplegia and respiratory symptoms (including dyspnea) after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury surgery. The patient was treated with complex Korean medical treatment including electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine. The manual muscle test (expanded Medical Research Council system) was used to measure the patient's muscle strength. The Korean version of the modified Barthel index and the functional independent measure were used to evaluate the patient's independence in performing daily activities. Following 2 hospitalizations and treatments, the patient's muscle strength improved > 4+ score for all joints, and the Korean version of the modified Barthel index and functional independent measure scores increased from 26 to 79 and 56 to 95, respectively. Symptoms of dyspnea, coughing, and sputum gradually improved and finally disappeared during hospitalization. This study suggests complex Korean medicine treatment may be effective in the rehabilitation of post-surgical cervical spinal cord injury patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.688-698
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the overall effects and the clinical effect of Korean medicine treatment on chronic atypical chest pain. Case Report: A 56-year-old male patient suffering from chronic atypical chest pain was treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture. We used the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) to assess the patient's symptoms. The administration of the new herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation improved the chest pain and dyspnea symptoms. No side effects were observed during the treatment. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that Korean medicine treatments, such as herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation, may be effective as treatments for atypical chest pain and secondary symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.643-653
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence the functional status of chronic lung disease patients. Method: A descriptive, correlational study design was used. The study was conducted at the outpatient respiratory clinic of the large university hospital in Korea. A convenience sample of 128 chronic lung patients (age = 64.2 yrs; 106 COPD, 17 bronchiectasis, 5 DILD) with mean FEV1 64.4 % predicted. Functional status was measured with SIP. Physical variables (FEV1% predicted, dyspnea, fatigue, pulmonary symptom distress), psychological variables (mood, stress), and situational variable (sleep quality) were examined. Dyspnea was measured by the BDI, fatigue was measured with the MFI. Mood was measured with the modified Korean version of POMS. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Potential independent variables for the regression were age, gender, years since diagnosis, FEV1% predicted, dyspnea, fatigue, pulmonary symptom distress, stress, and sleep quality. Result: In general, functional status was relatively good. In regression analysis, functional status were significantly influenced by dyspnea, mood, age and fatigue. These variables explained 70 % of the variances in functional status. Conclusion: The results suggest that psychophysiologic symptom management should be a focus to enhance the functional status in this group.