• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of $SP_6$ moxibustion on the primary dysmenorrhea. Methods : The data was collected from subjects who was suffering for dysmenorrhea. The subjects were employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain(MMP) and Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL) questionnaire. We treated the subjects with $SP_6$ moxibustion and measured Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) before and after treatment. The method of analysing data was paired t-test. Results : 1. $SP_6$ moxibustion produced a significant decrease in symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Results : 2. The SRV of 2, 3 area was significanltly changed after $SP_6$ moxibustion. Conclusions : $SP_6$ moxibustion was effective in decreasing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. The SRV results suggest that women with primary dysmenorrhea may have organic energy deficiency and functional abnormality of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian axis.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, skin temperature at th e CV2 acupoint. This study was a pretest-post test study design wit h a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 female student s from two universities participated in the study. Among them, 30 female students were assigned as the experimental group an d the other 28 students to the control group. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the degree of dysmenorrhea, and skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint. Then, the SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), skin thermometer by Simson Eectric CO., Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Chun and Kim(1990). The data were analyzed with the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA and Bonferroni method were used to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. There was a statistically significant difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhea after the intervention with the experimental group having a lower intensity than the control group. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint 30min (F=4.87, p=0.03) after the intervention with the experimental group having a higher temperature. In conclusion, the SP-6 acupressure has proved to be an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it is recommended women suffering from dysmenorrhea use the SP-6 acupressure.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Objectives: The most common symptom of adenomyosis is dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. Therefore, final treatment of this disease is hysterectomy. If dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia can be controlled, It doesn't need the surgical treatment. so, this case study was designed to evaluate the effect of Gamiseokhong-jeon on dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia due to adenomyosis. Methods: A 45-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with adenomyosis has been troubled by dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. She was taken Korean herbal medicine(Gamiseokhong-jeon gamibang) about 3 months. Results: During this treatment period, dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were relieved. Also after all treatment, the effect has been continuing. Conclusions: Gamiseokhong-jeon gamibang relieve dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia due to adenomyosis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2012

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is mostly depending on the causative factor, which usually falls under the categories of Cold and Heat pattern in traditional Oriental medical theories and diagnosis. Thus, we investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea and verified the validity of Cold and Heat pattern identification. Methods: We investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea in total 14 gynecology-medical books including ${\ll}$Exemplar Of Korean Medicine (Dongui Bogam)${\gg}$ and whole body symptom and sign identifying Cold and Heat pattern at the same time. A survey based on this investigation was carried out targeting women of childbearing age. Results: According to 14 gynecology-medical books, polymenorrhea is relevant to Heat pattern, oligomenorrhea to Cold pattern and darkness of menstrual blood is relevant to Heat pattern. Among the total of 343 womens, 196 subjects suffered from dysmenorrhea. The number of dysmenorrhea with polymenorrhea(Heat pattern) was 6 person, with oligomenorrhea(Cold pattern) was 27 person. And the number of dysmenorrhea with darkness of menstrual blood(Heat pattern) was 39 person. As the result of checking correlations of menstrual symptom scores and whole body symptom scores, there was no significance of Cold and Heat pattern between menstrual symptoms and whole body symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that the period of menstrual cycle and the color of menstrual blood provides some informations of Cold and Heat pattern identification. But considering with other whole body symptom and sign is needed for more precise result.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

Purpose: We intended to observe the usefulness of far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear for dysmenorrhea. Methods: We introduced far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear to women in childbearing-age by internet portal site. Then, we preliminarily examined dysmenorrhea severity by VAS(visual analogue scale) questionnaire to women interested in far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear. We selected women scored 5 and above of 10 measurement VAS score. Finally, 121 women were the subject of study and used far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear for one menstrual cycle. Before and after use of far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear, we conducted a questionnaire survey of dysmenorrhea severity by VAS. After that, we compared VAS score before and after use. Also, we studied correlation between frequency of far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear use and ${\Delta}VAS$(VAS score before use minus VAS score after use). For statistics, we used Paired samples test and Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 13.0 for windows. Results: Before and after use of far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear, VAS score means were different. Frequency of far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear use was correlated to ${\Delta}VAS$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05>. Conclusion: The results showed that dysmenorrhea severity by VAS decreased after far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear use. As frequency of use increased, ${\Delta}VAS$ increased. So we can consider far-infrared radiation functional under inner-wear effects dysmenorrhea severity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory on clinical scales and personality scales of dysmenorrhea patients. Methods : 29 dysmenorrhea patients were tested by MMPI and QSCC II. It is analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Crosstabulation, t-test, and by Duncan method in case of significant difference. Results and Conclusion : 1. The MMPI scores of dysmenorrhea patients were normal range that was elevated in Hs, Hy clinical scales, 1-3 profile type which is profile of conversional neurosis. 2. All of the profiles can be classified three types of profile. Group 1(44.8%) showed a normal profile. Group 2(20.7%) showed a normal profile but elevated in Mf, Ma scales, suggesting mainly extroverted and psychopathic personality. Group 3(34.5%) showed 1-3 profile type which is profile of conversional neurosis. 3. MDQ score and age of dysmenorrhea patients are related to personality in MMPI profile of dysmenorrhea patients.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing dysmenorrhea in middle school girls and to analyze the differences in dysmenorrhea according to personal factors of the subjects. Methods: This study was conducted from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The subjects of the study were 572 girls who attended three middle schools in Seoul and experienced dysmenorrheal. All were surveyed using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program and included descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1) The mean age of the subjects was 13.53 years, and the mean age of first menstruation (menarche) was 11.94 years. The number of days between the onset of menstrual cycles was 30.01 days. Most of the respondents had irregular menstrual cycles and menstrual periods lasting 3 to 7 days long. 2) Chief menstrual pains were lower abdominal and back pain. Subjects reported experiencing severe lower abdominal and/or back pain, most commonly on the second day of menstruation. The average score of menstrual discomfort was over 60 points (63%). The average score per 6 points of dysmenorrhea was as follows: fatigue (3.48), sensitivity (3.27), disability of movement (3.27), napping or lying down (2.98), mood swings (2.95), interference with studies (2.87). 3) Individual subject characteristics influencing the onset of dysmenorrhea were as follows: high stress levels, being in poor health, having an irregular diet, being younger and having longer menstrual periods than most other subjects. Conclusion: During puberty, girls with earlier menarche complained of physical and emotional discomfort, and irregular menstrual periods. Therefore, we need to explain overall menstrual characteristics and individual differences in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea, in health education programs.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2018

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of the Korean medicine in treating dysmenorrhea as a part of school health program (SHP) and satisfaction rate of the participated students in this program. With this study, we tried to contribute to the development of health promotion program of Korean medicine. Methods As part of the 'Korean Medicine Health Promotion Project', we conducted a dysmenorrhea program at one of many high schools in Eumseong-gun. From April to June 2018, we conducted the promotion program a total of 7 times and analyzed the questionnaire regarding satisfaction and the monthly experience of menstruation. Results The study participants' grade distribution was $2^{nd}$ grade 32, $3^{rd}$ grade 23 with a total 55 students. Mean dysmenorrhea VAS was $6.07{\pm}2.10$, and the mean number of visits to the dysmenorrhea program was $3.61{\pm}1.47$. There were no significant differences in the average number of visits between grades. Overall satisfaction was $4.06{\pm}0.97$, teacher satisfaction was $4.29{\pm}1.10$, and lecture satisfaction was $4.18{\pm}0.95$. Dysmenorrhea decreased but was not statistically significant. Conclusions Korean medicine is appropriate for the health promotion program. With cooperation and support from local schools, it will be very possible to carry out a successful business. It is also necessary to organize the program according to the viewpoint of youth and to interact with the students.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends in the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and doppler indicies of uterine artery. Methods: The search for related papers used 'Pubmed', a reserch engine in the America National Library of Medicine and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). Used searching terms were 'primary dysmenorrhea', 'menstrual pain' in all cases. And among these studies, we searched by using key word 'uterine artery', 'doppler indices', 'doppler parameters', 'pulsatile index', 'resistance index'. Results: Overall 49 studies, 8 studies were finally selected to this study. There were 6 controlled studies and 2 randomised-controlled studies. In all 8 studies, transvaginal ultrasound was used to measure the resistance of uterine blood vessels. All of these studies reported that in patients with primary dysmenorrhea, hemodynamic values of uterine arteries measured by Doppler ultrasound were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the pain level of primary dysmenorrhea and the pulsation index and resistance index of the uterine artery. Based on these results, it can be seen that the doppler indicies of uterine artery have the potential to be used as an evaluation scale for Korean traditional medicine for primary dysmenorrhea.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2021

본 연구는 청소년의 학업스트레스와 월경 태도, 월경곤란증 실태를 살펴보고 월경곤란증에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구 대상자는 고등학생 여학생으로 연구 참여에 동의한 131명의 설문지가 분석되었다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 월경에 대해 부정적인 태도를 가질수록, 신체 증상이 심할수록, 적극적인 대처를 할수록, 정서적 변화가 클수록 월경곤란증을 심하게 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 청소년의 월경곤란증에 영향을 미치는 요인은 월경 태도 중 신체 증상과 월경에 대한 수용이었으며, 변수에 대한 설명력은 68.8%였다. 결론적으로 청소년의 월경곤란증에 영향을 미치는 요인인 정적 수용 및 신체 증상을 고려하여 학교 보건 차원에서 청소년의 월경곤란증을 관리하기 위한 통합적인 지식을 제공할 수 있는 교육 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 더 나아가 부정적으로 경험하게 되는 감정조절을 위한 정서적 지지 프로그램과 같은 개별적이고 다차원적인 접근 방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.