• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.789-807
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fatty acid intake and dyslipidemia in Korean adults, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)I, II, III, and IV. After excluding subjects who had missing data for the dietary intakes, anthropometric measurments and laboratory tests, a total of 15,804 subjects aged 20~64 y (6,838 men and 8,966 women) from KNHANES 1998~2007 were included. All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). Associations between fatty acid intakes and dyslipidemia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, marital status, job, education level, alcohol intake, and smoking status. Fatty acid intakes were significantly higher in men than in women. The risk of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly and negatively associated with intakes of TFA, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in both men and women. The risk of hypercholesterolemia was not significantly associated with any fatty acid intakes in either sex. The risk of high LDL cholesterolaemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, MUFA, PUFA, LNA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in men however, there was no significant association with any fatty acids in women. The risk of low HDL cholesterolaemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, MUFA, PUFA, LNA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA in men, and was significantly and negatively associated with intakes of MUFA, PUFA, LNA, and n-3 PUFA in women. These results show that dyslipidemia is significantly associated with individual intake of fatty acids, suggesting that fatty acid type may be related to the risk of dyslipidemia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate the effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Radix, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus complex extract (ACA) on dyslipidemia-related factor expression and anti-oxidation in HepG2 cells. Method: After treatment with ACA in the HepG2 cells, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ROS production, and glutathione (GSH) production were measured. The free fatty acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA), ACAT1, and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression were measured in the HepG2 cells after treatment with ACA. Results: 1. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity increased in an ACA concentration-dependent manner. 2. ACA significantly decreased ROS production in comparison to the control group. 3. ACA significantly increased glutathione production. 4. ACA significantly decreased free fatty acid and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the HepG2 cells. 5. ACA decreased the mRNA expression of ACAT1 and HMG-CoA reductase. Conclusion: These results suggest that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Radix, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus complex extract (ACA) inhibits dyslipidemia-related factor expression and that it is effective in anti-oxidation. A future in vivo experiment with ACA is needed to investigate the effect on anti-dyslipidemia. It is expected that ACA is effective in anti-dyslipidemia and applied to cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.748-760
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• 2019

This study examined the difference of dietary intake behavior between groups of adults aged >20 years with or without dyslipidemia, and comparing the various types of dyslipidemia, based on the Seventh (2016) KNHANES. Men showed higher rate for triglyceridemia and LDL-cholesterolemia than women and subjects in the age group 50-59 years exhibited the highest incidence of triglyceridemia, total cholesterolemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. The ratio of obese people was higher in most types of dyslipidemias. The top five foods in each group of cereal & grain, meat, vegetable, and fruit were selected for analysis, based on the food frequency. The dyslipidemia group showed higher intake frequencies for mixed grains, cabbage kimchi and leafy vegetable than the no-dyslipidemia group, and the group with high blood total cholesterol for mixed grains, apple, and cutlassfish-croaker. Group with high blood triglyceride showed higher intake frequencies of rice and mackerel-mackerel pike than the other groups of high blood triglyceride. No food showed significant difference in the frequencies between groups of LDL-cholesterol. Group with high blood HDL-cholesterol showed higher intake frequency of bibim-fried rice, deep fried chicken, stir fried chicken, apple, tangerine, banana and butter-margarine. These results indicate that people with high levels of blood total cholesterol are more concerned with food having health benefits than those with abnormal levels of other blood lipid. More information on dietary benefits need to be provided to patients having high levels of triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 2019

Background: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of 21 different national dyslipidemia screening strategies according to total cholesterol (TC) cutoff and screening interval among 40 years or more for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease over a lifetime in Korea, from a societal perspective. Methods: A decision tree was used to estimate disease detection with the 21 different screening strategies, while a Markov model was used to model disease progression until death, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs from a Korea societal perspective. Results: The results showed that the strategy with TC 200 mg/dL and 4-year interval cost \4,625,446 for 16.65105 QALYs per person and strategy with TC 200 mg/dL and 3-year interval cost \4,691,771 for 16.65164 QALYs compared with \3,061,371 for 16.59877 QALYs for strategy with no screening. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of strategy with TC 200 mg/dL and 4-year interval versus strategy with no screening was \29,916,271/QALY. At a Korea willingness-to-pay threshold of \30,500,000/QALY, strategy with TC 200 mg/dL and 4-year interval is cost-effective compared with strategy with no screening. Sensitivity analyses showed that results were robust to reasonable variations in model parameters. Conclusion: In this study, revised national dyslipidemia screening strategy with TC 200 mg/dL and 4-year interval could be a cost-effective option. A better understanding of the Korean dyslipidemia population may be necessary to aid in future efforts to improve dyslipidemia diagnosis and management.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.619-630
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• 2019

Dyslipidemia is a representative chronic disease affecting Koreans that requires continuous management. It is also a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and diabetes. However, it is difficult to diagnose vascular disease without a medical examination. This study identifies risk factors for the recognition and prevention of dyslipidemia. By integrating them, we construct a statistical instrumental nomogram that can predict the incidence rate while visualizing. Data were from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 2013-2016. First, a chi-squared test identified twelve risk factors of dyslipidemia. We used a naïve Bayesian classifier model to construct a nomogram for the dyslipidemia. The constructed nomogram was verified using a receiver operating characteristics curve and calibration plot. Finally, we compared the logistic nomogram previously presented with the Bayesian nomogram proposed in this study.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2016

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular accidents (CVA) and heart disease, especially the ischemic type. Lowering of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is a primary measure for preventing atherosclerosis. Many medications are available for the treatment of dyslipidemia; however, these drugs have some side effects. Therefore, we treated dyslipidemia patients with Chunghyul-plus. Before treatment, patients' levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C were measured on an empty stomach. Thereafter, patients were administered 1000 mg (2 capsules) of Chunghyul-plus two or three times a day for 2 weeks. After treatment with Chunghyul-plus, patients' serum triglyceride, LDL-C, and total cholesterol levels decreased. The results of this study suggest that Chunghyul-plus might be useful in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.647-656
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia in Korean adults aged 19 years and older. The data for analysis were obtained from the sixth Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 and 2014. Result: This study showed that 74.4% of the specified adult population had vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 39.6% in the same population. Dyslipidemia differed significantly according to gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), smoking status (p<0.001), subjective health status (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), blood pressure (p<0.001), FBS (p<0.001), physical activity (p<0.001), and vitamin D level (p<0.001). When vitamin D deficiency was less than 20.0 ng/mL, there was a significant risk of dyslipidemia with an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% Cl, 1.11-1.51). The relationship between vitamin D level and a diagnosis index of dyslipidemia with controlled status of physical activity was statistically significant; in Korean adults, the odds ratio for total cholesterol was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.04-1.81) and for triglyceride was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66). Conclusion: Our results showed the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia was significant in Korean adults, and total cholesterol and triglycerides, which are indicators of dyslipidemia, was significant. Future studies, such as a more systematic cohort study investigating the relationship between vitamin D level and dyslipidemia may be helpful in confirming the causal relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate medical expenditure attributable to overweight and obesity in adults with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data and Korea National Health Corporation data. Methods: The medical expenditure of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia related to overweight and obesity were composed of inpatient care costs, outpatient care costs and medication costs. The population attributable risk (PAR) of overweight and obesity was calculated from national representative data of Korea such as the National Health Insurance Corporation cohort data and 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data. Results: The medical expenditure attributable to overweight and obesity of hypertension were 456 billion won (men : 215 billion won, women : 241 billion won). Those of diabetes were 282 billion won (men : 148 billion won, women : 135 billion won), and of dyslipidemia were 17 billion won (men : 9 billion won, women : 8 billion won). Consequently, these costs corresponded to 33.3% of total medical expenditure due to hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: We found a substantial medical expenditure due to overweight and obesity of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were very high. In order to reduce these costs, effective national strategies for prevention and management of overweight and obesity should be established and implemented.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.1 s.60
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, 1-test and $\chi^2$-test were performed. For the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakageprograme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and HDL cholesterol of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity $(BMI\geq25kg/m^2)$, abnormal glucose $(\geq\;120mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq\;240mg/dl)$, lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol $(\geq\;160mg/dl)$, and hyper hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq\;250mg/dl)$ in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confidence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87): among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94): and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influencing medication adherence in patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: Data were collected from fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012), we selected 1,992 adults aged over 30yr who participants in both health examination and health interview survey. Using the SAS 9.2 Program, data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Medication adherence was associated with age, obesity, educational level and Health screening within 2 years. The cases with older age, obesity, higher level of education and experience of Health screening within 2 years showed significantly high medication adherence, whereas high risk group of dyslipidemia such as cardiovascular disease patients showed low medication adherence. Conclusions: Further study and strategies are needed to improve high levels of medication adherence based on factors influencing such as age, obesity, level of education and health screening experience within 2 years.