• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in dorsiflexion and balance following proximal and distal tibiofibular joint manipulation in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Methods: Fifteen participants with a history of unilateral LAS, exhibiting a restriction in ankle dorsiflexion were included in this study. LAS ankle received a manipulation to the proximal and distal tibiofibular joint, while the opposite control ankle received no manipulation intervention. The outcome measures included ankle dorsiflexion and balance. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured using weight-bearing lunge test. Static and dynamic balances were measured using the overall, anterioposterior, and mediolateral balance index via the biodex balance system. Measurements were obtained prior to and following manipulation. Results: This study showed that ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance were improved following the manipulation compared to those prior to the manipulation (p<0.05). There was no significant change in static balance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The joint manipulation technique applied to the ankle of those with a history of LAS appears to improve ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. This suggest that a manipulation to the proximal and distal tibiofibular joint could be provided as preliminary data regarding the prophylactic effects of recurrent LAS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identity effects of virtual reality(VR) program related to standing postural control on balance, gait and brain activation patterns in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Subjects were assigned randomly to either VR group (n=12) or the control group (n=12) when the study began. Both groups received conventional physical therapy for 2 to 3 times per week. In addition to conventional physical therapies, VR group trained 3 types of virtual reality programs using IREX for standing postural control during 4 weeks (4 times/week, 30 minutes/time). Subjects were assessed for static and dynamic balance parameters using BPM, functional balance using Berg Balance Scale related to movement of paretic lower limb before and after 4 weeks of virtual reality training. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Following VR training, VR group demonstrated the marked improvement on dynamic mean balance, anteroposterior limits of stability (AP angle) and mediolateral limits of stability (ML angle). 2. Following VR training, both groups scored higher on Berg Balance Scale. However, a comparison of mean change revealed differences between groups. In conclusion, these data suggest that the postural control training using VR programs improve dynamic and functional balance performance in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1644-1653
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kinesio taping application on static and dynamic balance during ankle stabilization exercise. Method: H University in Gunsan is recruiting subjects with unstable ankles (N=12). The 12 subjects were randomly divided into groups (n=6) that performed ankle stabilization exercises by applying kinesio taping and groups that performed ankle stabilization exercises only (N=6). Exercise was done twice a week for 4 weeks. All groups conducted the same exercise program, including stretching, for 40 minutes. The exercise program was conducted in the following order. It was conducted in the order of 5 minutes of stretching, 30 minutes of exercise program, and 5 minutes of finishing stretching. To measure the change in static and dynamic balance, the experimenter and control group measured the change by conducting the Cumberland ankle instability tool, the Y-balance test, and the Stork balance standing test (SBST). Results: There was a statistically significant difference in static and dynamic balance between the group with kinesio taping (experimental group) and the group without kinesio taping (control group) in patients with chronic ankle instability. However, there was no statistically significant difference in static and dynamic balance before and after intervention between groups. Conclusion: These results were expected to help improve dynamic and static balance in ankle instability when applying kinesio taping and balance exercises, but there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group because the experiment period was short.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise in the progressive sitting position on the dynamic balance ability of a patient with a cerebellar injury. Methods: The subject had ataxia due to cerebellar injury. The subject participated in a PNF bilateral scapular pattern exercise with stabilizing reversal technique during a progressive sitting position session as well as baseline for 20 minutes a day for 4 weeks. In the first session, PNF exercises were performed at a height of 40 cm for 10 minutes, and in the second session they were performed at 50 cm for 10 minutes from a lower center of gravity (COG) to a higher COG sitting position. We used the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) to measure the subject's dynamic balance ability every two days through the entire session. Results: After participating in the program, the subject's dynamic balance ability improved compared to the first baseline, as measured by BBS (2 points increased), FTSST (5.3 sec decreased), and TUGT (2 sec decreased). The increase was also maintained in the second baseline session. Conclusion: PNF exercise using bilateral scapula patterns with a stabilizing reversal technique helps to enhance the dynamic balance ability of a cerebellar injury patient.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

본 연구는 불안정 판을 이용한 훈련이 높은 굽 신발을 신은 여자대학생의 발목관절의 변위와 동적균형에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 여자 대학생 18명을 무작위로 실험군과 대조군으로 나누고, 굽 높이가 9cm인 신발을 착용 한 후 3D 동작분석기를 이용하여 5m 보행 시의 발뒤꿈치와 발목의 변위를 검사하고, 동적 균형능력 평가를 실시하였다. 중재 프로그램은 실험군에게 4주 동안 주 3회, 불안정 판을 이용한 균형 훈련을 실시하고, 대조군에게는 중재를 실시하지 않았다. 연구 결과, 중재 후 실험군의 발목관절의 변위는 전반적으로 감소하였고, 동적균형능력은 유의하게 상승하였다. 대조군은 발목관절의 변위, 동적균형능력의 변화가 거의 없었다. 불안정 판을 이용한 훈련이 대상자들의 발목관절을 안정화 시켜주고 동적균형능력을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the low dye taping technique on the static and dynamic balancing ability and navicular bone drop when the low dye taping technique was divided into elastic and non-elastic taping. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 31 volunteers without musculoskeletal disorders. The length (L) and anterior (A), posteromedial, and posterolateral values of the arch in the NO (normal eyes open), NC (normal eyes closed), PO (pillow with eyes open), and PC (pillow with close eyes closed) states were evaluated when barefoot and when Kinesio tape and non-elastic tape were applied. The measurements were analyzed using repeated ANOVA and an independent t-test. Post hoc tests were performed using a Fisher's LSD. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the arch L and A values using a foot scanner (p < .05). In addition, there was a significant difference in dynamic balance in the three directions (p < .05), and no difference was found in the case of static balance. As a result, non-elastic tape application helps improve the dynamic balance ability and arch of the foot. CONCLUSION: The non-elastic tape technique is helpful for the foot arch function, and there is no difference in the static balance ability between Kinesio tape and non-elastic tape. Nevertheless, non-elastic tape is more helpful for the dynamic balance ability than Kinesio taping.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to evaluate and compare the balance ability at different conditions in normal 20 to 29 years old on unstable platform, KAT 2000(Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Static and dynamic BI(balance index) were measured 3psi and 5psi surface conditions. Static tests were done on right and left leg separately, then both legs together with the feet apart 20cm with the eyes opened and closed. Dynamic tests were done on both legs together with apart 20cm with the eyes opened. A dynamic test was performed in which the subject moved platform in a circular manner to chase a moving object on a computer screen. Seventy healthy students(average 21.6 years, male, female) were tested. In this study applied the paired t-test and correlation to determine the statistical significance of result. The results were as follow: 1) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $119.9{\pm}75.72$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $224.3{\pm}121.16$. 2) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $93.1{\pm}24.16$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $180.5{\pm}61.76$. 3) The mean static and dynamic balance index of both legs were $76.4{\pm}31.86$, $2187.6{\pm}696.99$ on 3psi with the eyes opened, and $68.3{\pm}14.82$, $1938.7{\pm}525.41$ on 5psi respectively. 4) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $517.8{\pm}220.87$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $588.6{\pm}204.81$. 5) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $271.9{\pm}192.151$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $363.4{\pm}98.97$. 6) The mean static balance index of both legs was $332.6{\pm}137.31$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the 5psi was $288.5{\pm}133.07$. 7) The balance index on 3psi surface condition was significantly higher than that of 5psi (p<0.05, p<0.01). 8) The balance index with the eyes closed was significantly higher than that of the eyes opened (p<0.05). 9) The balance index on the left leg was significantly higher than that of the right leg (p<0.05, p<0.01). 10) There was no correlation between static balance index and dynamic balance index. 11) Therewas no correlation between weight or height and balance index.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

기존의 3차원 동적 운동기기를 통한 연구는 체간 안정화 운동에 주목하였으나, 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구들이 자세균형에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 훈련에 참여한 피험자는 요부와 하지 근육에 이상이 없는 20대 남녀 24명을 대상으로 하였으며, 체간 안정화 및 자세균형 훈련은 주 3회 15분씩 4주간에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 자세균형능력평가는 Balance System SD을 이용하였으며, 20초 동안 신체의 중심이 흔들리지 않고 한 점에 유지하는 능력인 자세 안정성 검사와 8가지 방향으로의 이동능력 평가인 자세 한계성 검사로 이루어졌다. 연구 결과 3차원 동적 운동기기를 이용한 4주간의 훈련이 자세균형 향상에 도움을 주었으며, 이는 3차원 동적 운동기기를 낙상 위험이 높은 고령자나 자세균형 훈련이 필요한 운동선수들에게 적용하기 위한 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이나 예상된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

The use of a gym ball is becoming more popular for dynamic balance exercises. However, little is known about the effects of the dynamic ball exercises in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare balance and functional mobility after dynamic balance exercises using a gym ball to reduce the risk factorfor falls. All of the 15 subjects were women between the ages of 68 and 91 (mean age=79.9 yrs, SD=5.87) at anursing home in Wonju. Seven of fifteen subjects were placed in the experimental group and the others in the control group. Three clinical tests were used to determine the degree of balance and functional mobility before beginning the exercise program, after 4 weeks of gym ball exercise, and after 8 weeks of gym ball exercise. These three tests included Timed Up & Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Dynamic ball exercises training for 8 weeks (5 days per week) included side stretching, prone walking, bridging, marching and opposite arm and leg lifting. There were significant differences found before the gym ball exercise program began and after 4 weeks and then 8 weeks in the experimental group (p<.05). Significant differences between the groups were shown for TUG and BBS (p<.05). No significant difference was noted between the groups for FIM. Therefore, gym ball exercises can improve dynamic balance and may be recommended to include in a therapeutic program to help the elderly reduce their risk of a fall.