• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제16권12호통권115호
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• pp.941-944
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• 1978

The author studied skin reactions and their incidences among 100 dental students and dental nurses to 2% Lidocaine HC1, 3% H₂O₂, Euginol, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite, Dycal and Adhesive plaster by means of Patch test. Following are the results of the study. 1. Eighty six cases out of 100 revealed slight response to 1 or 2 allergens. 2. 2% Lidocaine HC1 showed 1 case, 3% H₂O₂cases, Euginol 2 cases, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite 74 cases, Dycal 1 case Adhesive plaster 8 cases. 3. 5% Sodium Hypochlorite was the most influential to skin. 32 cases showed grade 1+, 20 cases showed grade 2++, 16 cases showed grade 3+++, 6 cases showed grade 4++++,

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2012

Crown reattachment is the most conservative treatment which can be used to restore fractured tooth, presumably with sufficient strength, while maintaining original contour, incisal translucency, and reducing chair time and cost. However, in case of crown fracture with pin-point pulp exposure, we should cautiously minimize the irritation to the pulp and consider pre-treatment pulpal status, choice of pulp capping materials, choice of bonding system and treatment sequence during crown reattachment procedures. This case reports the considerations while crown reattachment with direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide (Dycal, Dentsply Caulk).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1979

The antibacterial efficacy of a few filling materials were studied in vitro. Zinc oxide eugenol cement. dycal, cavitec, hipol, cervident, clearfill and microfill were tested against Staphylococcus albus and Lactobacillus acidophilus on thioglycolate agar in order to determine whether the materials are effective inhibitors of bacterial growth. 1. Of these materials tested, zinc oxide eugenol cement was the most effective inhibitor of bacterial growth and revealed about 5.5mm in width of inhibition zone against Staphylococus albus and about 5.0mm against Lactobcillus acidophilus. 2. Dycal was moderate inhibitor of the both bact$\={e}$ria showing 2.5mm of the zone in width. 3. Cavitec was the slightest effect against the both bacteria 4. Composite resins tested in this study showed no evidence of inhibiting bacterial growth against the both bacteria.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Recent data regarding the effects the cement type and abutment heights on the retentive force of a prosthetic crown are inconsistent and unable to suggest clinical guidelines. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the effects of different types of temporary cements and abutment heights on the retentive strength of cement-retained implant-supported prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prefabricated implant abutments, 4 mm in diameter, $8^{\circ}$taper per side, and light chamfer margins, were used. The abutment heights of the implants were 4 mm, 5.5 mm and 7 mm. Seven specimens of a single crown similar to a first premolar were fabricated. Six commercially available temporary cements, TempBond, TempBond NE, Cavitec, Procem, Dycal, and IRM, were used in this study. Twenty-four hours after cementation, the retentive strengths were measured using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The cementation procedures were repeated 3 times. The data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS: The tensile bond strength ranged from 1.76 kg to 19.98 kg. The lowest tensile strengths were similar in the TempBond and Cavitec agents. Dycal showed the highest tensile bond strength (P<0.01). More force was required to remove the crowns cemented to the long abutments (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TempBond and Cavitec agents showed the lowest mean tensile bond strength. The Dycal agent showed more than double the tensile bond strength of the TempBond agent.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1983

This study was undertaken to evaluate the pulpal responses to the intermediate restorative materials such as Zinc phosphate cement, Polycarboxylate cement, IRM (zinc oxide eugenol cement), Dycal, Life, Cresatin, and Fluoride in caivties which were cut with high speed instrument. 5 dogs were used as experimental animals and devided into 8 groups. The intervals of observaobservation ranged 3 days, 1, 3, 4, 8 weeks after experiment respectively. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and decalcified in 5% nitric acid. All slides were stained with hemtoxylin-eosin and examined histopathologically. The results were as follows: 1. In control group, severe vacuolar degeneration and atrophy of odontoblasts were seen in 3 days, hemorrhage and congestion continued until 8 weeks. Necrosis of odontoblastic layer was seen in zinc phosphate cement group and polycarboxylate cement group. 2. In dycal group, vacuolar degeneration and atrophy of odontoblast were not seen. but in Life group, these were seen in 3 days and partially continued until 3 weeks. In 4 weeks, regeneration of odontoblast was occured. 3. In Crcsatin group, there was no pathosis except odontoblastic displacement. In Fluoride group, vacuolar degeneration of odontoblast was seen and soon disappeared. As compared with control group, pathological change of the pulp tissue in experimental group were decreased after amalgam restoration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1983

Irradiation is frequently employed as the sole therapy for oral cancer. These irradiated patients presents peculiar and progressive dental problems. But there is only scanty informations concerning specific approaches to endodontic treatment for head and neck cancer patients who have been subjected to tumorcidal doses of radiation therapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of cobalt-60 radiation on the pulpal healing of dogs after the direct pulp capping. As the experimental animals, 10 dogs (above 7-8 months after birth) were divided into 3 groups (Control, Group I, Group II). The cobalt-60 was irradiated to the Group I and Group II each 1,009 and 1,562.5 rads as single dose. As the capping material Dycal$^{(R)}$(L.D. Caulk company) was selected. After the direct pulp capping the dogs were sacrified 1, 2, 3, 4, week interval and made the original slides cut with a thickness of 8 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. After examination and comparision of all specimen, the results of this study were drawn as follows; 1. The formation of reparative dentin was observed from the 1st week in the Control group, the 2nd week in the Group I & II. The few and irregular tuble structure was appeared in the 4th week in the Control group only, but failed in the Group I & II. 2. The continuity of dentin bridge was appeared in the 3rd week in all group and the degeneration of odontoblast in the 1st week of the Group II. 3. The congestion and hemorrhage in the pulp tissue were observed in all groups until 3rd week. The inflammation was appeared within the 2nd week in the Group I and especially marked in the Group II, but absent in the Control group. 4. In cases Dycal into the pulp tissue deeply, the local necrosis of pulp and decrease of dentin formation was observed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 1988

An investigation was carried out to compare the pulp responses against a few type of composite and streptococcus mutans contamination under the zinc oxide eugenol cement, and also confirmed pulpal responses of various composites with or without base. Seventy eight teeth from 6 dogs were employed and divided into 6 groups. Class V cavities were prepared on each tooth routinely with low speed dental engine. Paper disc about 0.3mm thick was immersed in the BHI broth in which streptococcus mutans had been enriched and the disc was inserted on the cavity floor prior to filling. Scotch bond puls Silux as Bis-GMA system composite resin and Helimolar as urethane system composite resin were adopted. Control group: Zinc-Oxide Eugenol cement filling Experimental groups: Group 1. Scotch bond + Silux filling with Dycal base Group 2. Heliomolar filling with Dycal base Group 3. Scotch bond + Silux filling without base Group 4. Heliomolar filling without base Group 5. Streptococcus mutans application. All cavities were sealed with thick ZOE cement to avoid marginal leakage. Postoperative intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks teeth were carefully extracted, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The results were as follows: 1. S. mutans application group and composites without any base showed more severe pupal response than control group and dyca based groups. 2. The experimental group of S. mutans application showed severe response in the early stage compared to the two groups of composite resin without base, but no significant difference was found following periods. 3. The difference of pulpal response is not significant between Bis-GMA system and urethane system. 4. Streptococcus mutans application group and composites without base groups showed the evidence of histologic recovery at the six week cases and the large amount of reparative dentin was the prominent feature. 5. Pulp responses against every material were inclined to normal according to the time elapsed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1977

The purpose of this study was to determine human pulp reactions to temporary cements such as zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Cavitec) and calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal). Deep class V cavities were prepared in the human teeth with ultrahigh-speed handpiece operating at a free running speed of 300,000 r.p.m., using # 701 bur and water spray coolant. The cavities were flushed with water, dried with cotton pellets and filled with zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement and calcium hydroxide cement respectively. The teeth were divided into two groups, which one group was extracted after One day and the other was extracted after seven days. The samples were examined with microscope and the findings were as follows; 1. The pulp reactions to temporary cements were generally mild. Among them the reactions were moderate in zinc oxide-eugenol cement and, slight in calcium hydroxide cement. 2. Calcium hydroxide cement may be used properly as temporary cement for the purpose of pulp protection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 인위적으로 노출시킨 비글견의 치수조직을 기존의 수산화칼슘제재와 MTA, 접착성 레진, 광중합형 수산화칼슘제재를 사용하여 직접치수복조한 후 각 재료에 따른 치수의 반응을 광학현미경 하에서 조직학적으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 2마리 비글견의 36개 치아를 이용하여, 실험적으로 치수를 노출시키고 노출된 치수에 치수복조재를 적용한 후 와동은 복합레진으로 충전하여 직접치수복조술을 시행하였다: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: $ProRoot^{(R)}$ MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photopolymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA). 희생전 90일, 30일, 7일 전에 각 복조재별로 3개씩의 와동을 충전하였고 비글견을 희생시키고 조직시편을 제작하였다. 시편을 H&E 염색 후 광학 현미경으로 치수염증반응과 경조직 형성 정도를 관찰하였다. MTA 군은 초기에는 경조직 형성이 관찰되지 않고 치수조직의 위축과 부분괴사가 관찰되었으나 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. Clearfil SE Bond군은 초기에 염증세포의 침윤과 치수세포의 괴사를 관찰할 수 있었고 시간이 지날수록 치수 세포의 괴사가 더욱 진행한 양상을 보였다. Ultra-blend 군과 Dycal 군은 MTA 군과 비슷하게 초기에는 경조직 형성을 보이지 않고 중등도의 염증반응이 관찰되었으며 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. MTA, 수산화칼슘제재와 광중합 수산화칼슘제재는 초기의 치수염증반응 이후 조상아세포층, 상아질교 형성을 보여 직접치수복조재로 적당하였으며, 접착성 레진은 심한 염증반응과 치수 조직의 괴사 양상을 보여 직접치수복조재로 부적당하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of laser irradiation on the exposed pulp and the possibility of direct pulp capping with the $CO_2$ laser. Results were obtained from the observation of the residual pulpal healing process. Class V cavities on 48 anterior teeth from 8 adult dogs were prepared and pulp chambers were intentionally opened with dental explorer. The control group consisted of 16 teeth. $Dycal^{(R)}$(Caulk Co., U.S.A.) was applied to exposed site once bleeding was stopped. Cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 1 (16 teeth), laser(LASERSAT $CO_2^{(R)}$, Satelec Co.) was irradiated on the exposed pulp. The laser procedure followed the manufacturers recommendations for the treatment of human pulp(1.5 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 2 (16 teeth), laser was irradiated on the exposed pulp in a more powerful dosage(5.0 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. Two dogs were sacrificed immediately after experiment and the others were sacrificed at intervals of one, three, and eight weeks respectively. All teeth were routinely processed and the pulpal tissues and odontoblastic layers were observed by the light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. In the control group, the initial mild inflammation had improved to normal by week eight. An active formation of reparative dentin was observed at week three, and at week eight, a firm dentin bridge was present beneath the $Dycal^{(R)}$ with no inflammatory responses in the remaining pulp. 2. In the experimental group 1, immediately following irradiation, the superficial shape of the exposed pulp was crater-like. And it was lined with the coagulated layer, $60{\sim}70{\mu}m$ in width. Moderate inflammatory pulpal conditions existing at week one were improved to mild at week eight. And from the week three specimens, a reparative dentin formation was observed in the adjacent odontoblastic layer of the exposed site. A dentin bridge at the exposed site, however, did not form during the experimental period. 3. In the experimental group 2, the width of the coagulation layer lining the crater was $70{\sim}130{\mu}m$. Beneath the coagulated layer, severe inflammatory pulpal responses were observed at week one, and conditions did not improve during the experimental period.