• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Objectives : There is a paucity of data on the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronological relationship between OC symptoms and their related symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal course of OC symptoms as well as anxiety and depression which are believed to be associated with OC symptoms. Methods : Data for 155 patients with OCD who completed general evaluation for OCD were used. Forty four were excluded to minimize the effect of the different age of onset on the clinical course. One hundred eleven patients finally participated in the analysis. Cross-sectional correlations between each symptom as well as between such symptoms and the duration of illness were analyzed. Further correlation analysis was done within two groups that were divided by 7 years of the duration of illness. Results : There were significant correlations not only between the severity of OC symptoms and anxiety but also between anxiety and depressive symptom, regardless of the duration of illness. These correlations between such symptoms were also found within patients with the duration of illness below 7 years, whereas these were not within the group with the duration of illness above 8 years. Conclusion : Patients with OCD in this study shows the moderate to severe level of OC symptoms irrespective of the duration of illness. Our finding also suggests that the OC symptoms, especially obsessions are closely related to anxiety and depressive symptoms and these relationships might be pronounced in relatively early phase of the OCD after onset.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate medication and related factors including: gender, age, duration of hospitalization, MMSE, and ADL in elderly who were hospitalized in long-term care facilities. Methods: A total of 282 elderly people who were hospitalized for more than a month were asked to fill in a structured questionnaire which was used to collect data regarding their gender, age, duration of hospitalization, MMSE, ADL, and medication. Results: The average number of drugs per patient was 7.50. Subjects taking 6-7 medications were the highest ranking (23.7%). According to multiple regression analysis, the most significant factor relating to the number of drugs prescribed for each subject were the ages of the subjects (p=.007). Conclusion: We found that the number of prescribed drugs taken by those who were hospitalized were related to age. A tailored strategy is needed to decrease the number of drugs according to age and to control the medicines prescribed to the elderly who are hospitalized in long-term care facilities.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2018

Purpose: This study tried to identify changes in family burden after the introduction of the long-term care insurance and to examine the factors influencing subjective and objective caring burden and depression of family caregivers of elders receiving home-based long-term care. Methods: Data were collected from 203 family caregivers of elders from August 1 to 31, 2015 using questionnaires. They were analyzed in descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of depression was 7.24, which suggested mild depression level. The subjective family burden was 2.71 and the objective burden 3.04. The factors affecting depression included subjective burden (t=5.08, p<.001), objective burden (t=2.80, p=.006), time of elderly care per day (t=-3.61, p< .001), caregiving duration (t=3.33, p=.001), age (t=3.13, p=.002), family relationship (t=2.48, p=.014), and economic status (t=1.99, p=.047). Conclusion: The family burden was most important influencing factor on caregiver's depression. Therefore, services and supports to alleviate caregivers' burden in the home-based care should be added to long-term care.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제37권4호통권359호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Long-term posttreatment stability is great concern to all orthodontist. So, this article was disussed that etiology of relapse, classificatioan of retention, duration of retention and treat after relapse. The most important thing about stability was considered that growth pattern, periodontal remodeling, neuromuscular factors and applied the appropriate mechanotherapy. Retenton was considered during the treatment planning and required considerable analytic thought.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2008

지속기간별 강우자료의 보유연한이 충분하지 않은 지역에도 실용적인 적용이 가능한 IDF 관계식을 유도하였다. 이 관계식은 두개의 모형변수와 재현기간으로 구성된 근사식으로서, 지속기간별 강우자료를 통합하고 정규화 하는 변환과정을 통하여 통계적으로 유도되었다. 강우자료의 변환을 위하여 Kruskal-Wallis 통계량과 Manly 변환을 적용하였는데 이 결과 해석적으로 간단한 형식의 IDF 관계식을 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 보유 자료의 수가 제한된 경우 주로 발생하는 짧은 지속기간의 강우강도가 긴 지속기간의 강우강도에 비하여 작아지는 이상 현상을 완화할 수 있는 특징을 보여주었다. 실무적으로 혼란을 주고 있는 산청과 영천의 강우자료에서 발생하는 이상 현상을 처리하기 위하여 제안된 방법론을 적용한 결과 만족스러운 결과를 보여주었다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.222-237
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• 1998

In an attempt to investigate the effect of long-term aquatic exercise program on lower limbs' muscle strength, knee Joint flexion, pain reduction and weight changes with aquatic exercise program. Forty three women with arthritis were pre and post tested for changes of muscle strength, range of motion, weight and pain. This data was collected from April 1, 1997 to February 24, 1998. The mean age was 52.5. Statistically significant in lower limbs' muscle strength with an aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in knee joint flexion with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in pain reduction with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in weight changes with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 6 weeks after experiment. As a conclusion, aquatic exercise programs for the patients with arthritis require at least 12 weeks and a variety of aquatic exercise programs for the effective control should be developed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1457-1464
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• 2011

In this study, the method of estimating hydrologic information (water depth, submerged period etc.) on the proper selection of construction point and scale as well as vegetation type suggested for the design of natural riparian rehabilitation structure. Long-term comprehensive watershed model SWAT-K(Korea) was applied to this purpose. Flow duration analysis was conducted to analyze the hydrologic characteristics of Pyungchang watershed at which the 'bangtul' construction method was tested. For this purpose 20 years (1989-2008) rainfall runoff analysis was carried out. Based on the simulated daily streamflow data, flow duration curve was made to analyze the flow characteristics, and the water depth hydrograph was made to analyze the water depth distribution at the cross section. Finally, the information for the selection of proper vegetation according to the submerged period is suggested.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2005

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the current breast feeding rates in Jeju Province and to identify factors which influence breast feeding duration after birth. Method: The subjects were 189 women with a child between 12 months and 24 months old. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from October 2003 to January 2004. Measures used in this study included general characteristics, delivery related characteristics, breast feeding related characteristics and the feeding type over a 12-month period after birth. Result: The study showed that the breast feeding rate in the first month was 63.1%, later dropping to 30.9% in the sixth month. In addition, only 14.2% of subjects were still breast feeding the baby at twelve months of age. The mean of breast feeding duration was 4.77 months. The factors which influenced breast feeding duration were wanted pregnancy, breast feeding education, planning of breast feeding and breast feeding experience. Conclusion: Considering the low rate of long-term breast feeding, the importance of breast feeding should be emphasized to promote and support the continuation of breast feeding in addition to at its initial stage. Based on the results, programs on breast feeding promotion and continuation need to be developed.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.951-961
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the amount and duration of smoking effects the bleeding and pain of gingival among adolescents in Korea while also taking into consideration the impact of drinking. Methods: Data were utilized from a web-based survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. The subjects of the study included 65,528 adolescents from middle and high schools. As dependent variables, bleeding and pain of gingival were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20.0 program. Results: After adjusting for the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the subjects, in the long-term, the ≥0.52 PY group (heavy smoker) experienced 1.28 times higher bleeding and pain of gingival than the <0.52 PY group (light smoker) among adolescents who smoke and drink at the same time. Adolescents who smoked without drinking did not show any difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to the amount of smoking in the short- and long-term. However, the findings reveal that there was a difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: In order to promote the periodontal health of adolescents, it is argued that programs and projects should be implemented to prevent, educate, and control simultaneous behaviors of smoking and drinking.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.487-498
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• 2015

A proper initial curing is a very simple and inexpensive alternative to improve concrete cover quality and accordingly extend the service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive species. A current study investigates the effect of wet curing duration on chloride penetration in plain and blended cement concretes which subjected to tidal exposure condition in south of Iran for 5 years. The results show that wet curing extension preserves concrete against high rate of chloride penetration at early ages and decreases the difference between initial and long-term diffusion coefficients due to improvement of concrete cover quality. But, as the length of exposure period to marine environment increased the effects of initial wet curing became less pronounced. Furthermore, a relationship is developed between wet curing time and diffusion coefficient at early ages and the effect of curing length on time-to-corrosion initiation of concrete is addressed.