• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-130
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• 2023

The increasing cost, and demand for, household energy has increased attention to the phenomena of energy burdens. Despite this increased attention, a lack of consensus remains in pinpointing the strongest predictors, and geographic differences, that exist within the energy ecosystem. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a series of dummy variable regressions across cities, suburbs, and rural areas within Erie County, New York-a county noted to have particularly high energy burdens. Specifically, three types of predictor sets were incorporated into the methodology: a set of socioeconomic variables, physical variables, and a combination of both variable sets. The results of this study suggest that cities tend to have the highest electricity burdens. Despite the aging infrastructure in Erie County, high energy burdens were driven primarily by socioeconomic factors such as housing cost burden and poverty status. Lastly, this study explores various planning and policy implications Erie County can utilize to reduce energy burdens. In turn, this study highlights the importance of focusing policy efforts on existing social service programs to provide support to the region's neediest households.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1986

The main purpose of this study was to find out variables relevant to self-care activities of physically disabled person. The subjects of this analysis were 1277 person which is between 15~64 years, the data came from the 1985 National Interview Survey on Disabled Person in Korea. For this analysis, Breakdown, Oneway and Discriminant Analysis were used. The finding of the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, the mean of self care activities was 2.57 (SD: 0.69, range: 1-3). The relevance for the self-care activities by several variables is as follows. 1. The relevance for the self-care activities by socioeconomic status is significant at age, education level, occupation of household members variables. Especially, in the case of high age, low education level, the self-care activities are shown low score. 2. The relevance by impairment characteristics is shown high significance at all input variables. When disabled person have double impairment. paralysis, late occurance age, and is due to diseases the self-care activities score is lowered. 3. The relevance by health care services variables. is not shown significant at all input variables. Second, the relevance for social activities by sev-eral variables was conducted by discriminant analysis. The relative importance of social activities discriminant function is 0.344 of eigenvalue. The-canonical correlation between the social activities discriminant function and 9 dummy variables is 0.51, total variance of dummy variables for social activities is shown 26 persent. The self-care activities variable represents the highest contribution of its associated variable to the function (canonical coefficient: -.56). The occurance age, the occupation of household members, the education level variables are shown comparatively high contribution to the function. To sum up, this analysis suggests that the self-care activities variable is the highest contributed to the social activities. In relation to self-care concept, this finding will be useful in rehabilitation nursing care.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

Demographic variables have a great deal of impact on the utilization of health services. In this paper, the use of segmented polinomials is shown to be superior to the simple use of dummy variables and simple polinomials in explaining differences in health care utilization with respect to sex and age differences.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.5-13
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• 2013

Purpose - The study explores social well-being of the community of five selected countries of the South Asia: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh. The study compares effectiveness of macroeconomic policies across the countries through interactive effects of the macroeconomic policy variables with the regional dummy variables. Research design, data, and methodology - Using the data set for the period of 1990-2008, this study employs panel data models, quantile regression methods, and the fixed effects method, which the constant is treated as group or country-specific. The model can also be known as the least-squares dummy variables estimator. Results - The results reveal significant chances of improvement in the well-being of the people while living in India and Pakistan as compared to the other countries of the region where India relatively stands with better chances of providing opportunities to improve the well-being of the people. Conclusions - This study recommends an increasing allocation of budget on education and health in order to enhance social well-being in the South Asian region. Inflation is the main cause of deteriorating well-being of the South Asian community by escalating the cost of living. Comprehensive study is recommended by employing the micro data models in the region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present a time series model of onion and garlic prices. After considering the various time series models, we calculated the appropriate time series models for each item and then selected the model with the minimized error rate by reflecting the monthly dummy variables and import data. Also, we examined whether the predictive power improves when we combine the predictions of the Korea Rural Economic Institute with the predictions of time series models. As a result, onion prices were identified as ARMGARCH and garlic prices as ARXM. Monthly dummy variables were statistically significant for onion in May and garlic in June. Garlic imports were statistically significant as a result of adding imports as exogenous variables. This study is expected to help improve the forecasting model by suggesting a method to minimize the price forecasting error rate in the case of the unstable supply and demand of onion and garlic.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

In planning phase of Public Multi-Housing Projects, it is required to develop the methodology and criteria for fair cost prediction with influencing power from planning phase to occupancy phase. Many studies still have focused on the prediction of cost by multiple regression. However, there is no logical explanation about the influence of nonmetric variables for the prediction of cost in planning phase. Accordingly, this research pursues a cost prediction model including nonmetric variables for use in planning phase. There are 3 steps of this research : 1) Finding the factors influencing construction cost and assigning variables for a multiple regression. 2) Conducting a dummy regression analysis with nonmetric variables and model validation by comparing actual cost data. 3) Developing the ratio of RC structure cost to wall structure cost by using cost predection model. The results could establish cost prediction process including the influence of nonmetric variables and the ratio of RC structure cost to wall structure cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park. To this end, 1 dependent variable and 11 independent variables were set, and multiple regression analysis was applied to find correlation between variables and the model. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Among 11 independent variables abstracted to study suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park, as a result of analysis on correlation between suitable illuminance of a dependent variable and activity space by using dummy variables, activity type and illuminance by spaces the suitable illuminance required for an urban neighborhood park was much influenced by activity type, and the fact that the activity was not limited to a specific space. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park were activity space, illuminance by spaces, seated activity, standing activity, and sporting activity. And, for relative contribution of independent variables to suitable illuminance, activity with sporting showed an importance 22 times higher than seated activity. When the central square(Sp_1) of activity spaces was set to reference category using dummy variables, it showed a contribution 52 times higher than sorting space(Sp_7) and the central square as the most important variable. 3) It was analyzed that suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood part was most influenced by sporting activity but the relative contribution of a sporting space where activity with sporting occurs was least in view of the function of the space. Very high illuminance is required to accept high activity, and if illuminance at a certain space becomes too high, it may influence the illuminance of other spaces, and may consequently have a negative effect on the suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood park. The results of this study were mainly for teenagers and young adults in their twenties, so further concrete studies which consider gender and a wider age range are needed in the future. Based on subsequent study, suitable illuminance by spaces shall be suggested.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.579-586
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• 2009

We have used multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR) method to study interaction effect of statistical model in general. But MDR method cannot be applied in all cases. It can be applied to the only case-control data. So, two methods are suggested E-MDR and D-MDR method using regression tree algorithm and dummy variables. We applied the methods on the identify interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) responsible for longissimus mulcle dorsi area(LMA), carcass cold weight(CWT) and average daily gain(ADG) in a Hanwoo beef cattle population. Finally, we compare the results using permutation test.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.727-738
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• 2008

If a cointegrating relation is affected by important economic and political events occurred in the sample period, the assumption of the time-invariant cointegrating vector is violated, which leads to the misrep-resentation of the actual relations between the variables. From such a viewpoint, this study utilizes the recursive estimation process in testing for the stability of the long-run equilibrium of the domestic stock market system and then attempts to develop the framework for stabilizing time-variant cointegraing relations by introducing the dummy variables where the structural changes are found to exist.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

E-commerce market has been increasing rapidly, which reflects the convenience and economic benefits associated with its usage. Unlike the traditional markets, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) becomes more important because e-commerce consumers can't experience the real product in the purchase decision-making process. In this regard, identifying the influencing factors to WOM of internet e-commerce site is very important. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of perceived and individual variables on WOM in the context of internet e-commerce site. In order to analyze the antecedents, we selected perceived and individual factors such as regret tendency scale, prior knowledge and merchandise attractiveness. In addition, we examined the role of gender as dummy and moderating variable. For empirical analysis, we surveyed real users of internet e-commerce site. As a result, all antecedents showed significant influence on WOM except regret tendency scale. Among the variables, the merchandise attractiveness has top standardized coefficient. Gender plays a role as moderating variable when only interacting with regret tendency scale. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for internet e-commerce providers.