• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.101-130
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• 2023

The increasing cost, and demand for, household energy has increased attention to the phenomena of energy burdens. Despite this increased attention, a lack of consensus remains in pinpointing the strongest predictors, and geographic differences, that exist within the energy ecosystem. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a series of dummy variable regressions across cities, suburbs, and rural areas within Erie County, New York-a county noted to have particularly high energy burdens. Specifically, three types of predictor sets were incorporated into the methodology: a set of socioeconomic variables, physical variables, and a combination of both variable sets. The results of this study suggest that cities tend to have the highest electricity burdens. Despite the aging infrastructure in Erie County, high energy burdens were driven primarily by socioeconomic factors such as housing cost burden and poverty status. Lastly, this study explores various planning and policy implications Erie County can utilize to reduce energy burdens. In turn, this study highlights the importance of focusing policy efforts on existing social service programs to provide support to the region's neediest households.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1986

The main purpose of this study was to find out variables relevant to self-care activities of physically disabled person. The subjects of this analysis were 1277 person which is between 15~64 years, the data came from the 1985 National Interview Survey on Disabled Person in Korea. For this analysis, Breakdown, Oneway and Discriminant Analysis were used. The finding of the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, the mean of self care activities was 2.57 (SD: 0.69, range: 1-3). The relevance for the self-care activities by several variables is as follows. 1. The relevance for the self-care activities by socioeconomic status is significant at age, education level, occupation of household members variables. Especially, in the case of high age, low education level, the self-care activities are shown low score. 2. The relevance by impairment characteristics is shown high significance at all input variables. When disabled person have double impairment. paralysis, late occurance age, and is due to diseases the self-care activities score is lowered. 3. The relevance by health care services variables. is not shown significant at all input variables. Second, the relevance for social activities by sev-eral variables was conducted by discriminant analysis. The relative importance of social activities discriminant function is 0.344 of eigenvalue. The-canonical correlation between the social activities discriminant function and 9 dummy variables is 0.51, total variance of dummy variables for social activities is shown 26 persent. The self-care activities variable represents the highest contribution of its associated variable to the function (canonical coefficient: -.56). The occurance age, the occupation of household members, the education level variables are shown comparatively high contribution to the function. To sum up, this analysis suggests that the self-care activities variable is the highest contributed to the social activities. In relation to self-care concept, this finding will be useful in rehabilitation nursing care.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

Demographic variables have a great deal of impact on the utilization of health services. In this paper, the use of segmented polinomials is shown to be superior to the simple use of dummy variables and simple polinomials in explaining differences in health care utilization with respect to sex and age differences.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2013

Purpose - The study explores social well-being of the community of five selected countries of the South Asia: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh. The study compares effectiveness of macroeconomic policies across the countries through interactive effects of the macroeconomic policy variables with the regional dummy variables. Research design, data, and methodology - Using the data set for the period of 1990-2008, this study employs panel data models, quantile regression methods, and the fixed effects method, which the constant is treated as group or country-specific. The model can also be known as the least-squares dummy variables estimator. Results - The results reveal significant chances of improvement in the well-being of the people while living in India and Pakistan as compared to the other countries of the region where India relatively stands with better chances of providing opportunities to improve the well-being of the people. Conclusions - This study recommends an increasing allocation of budget on education and health in order to enhance social well-being in the South Asian region. Inflation is the main cause of deteriorating well-being of the South Asian community by escalating the cost of living. Comprehensive study is recommended by employing the micro data models in the region.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present a time series model of onion and garlic prices. After considering the various time series models, we calculated the appropriate time series models for each item and then selected the model with the minimized error rate by reflecting the monthly dummy variables and import data. Also, we examined whether the predictive power improves when we combine the predictions of the Korea Rural Economic Institute with the predictions of time series models. As a result, onion prices were identified as ARMGARCH and garlic prices as ARXM. Monthly dummy variables were statistically significant for onion in May and garlic in June. Garlic imports were statistically significant as a result of adding imports as exogenous variables. This study is expected to help improve the forecasting model by suggesting a method to minimize the price forecasting error rate in the case of the unstable supply and demand of onion and garlic.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

공공아파트 프로젝트의 기획단계에서 수행되는 적정 공사비 예측은 기획부터 유지관리까지 전(全) 단계에 걸쳐서 영향을 미치게 되므로 명확한 예측기준 및 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 그러나 현재까지 다양한 다중회귀모델을 활용한 공사비 예측 방법이 개발되어 왔으나, 정성변수를 포함하여 공사비를 예측하는 방법에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기획단계 활용을 위한 정성변수를 포함하는 공사비 예측모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 공사비 영향요인을 분석 및 추출하고, 회귀분석을 위한 독립변수를 선정하였다. 그리고 정성변수를 포함하는 공사비 예측모델을 개발하며 사례적용을 통한 검증을 실시하였다. 개발된 공사비 예측모델과 "RESAMPLING 기법"을 사용하여 구조형식별 공사비 가산비율을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 더미회귀모델과 가산비율을 활용하면, 일반적인 공사비 예측과 함께 동일한 평형, 세대수, 연면적에서 평면형식과 구조형식을 변경시켰을 때의 공사비 예측이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park. To this end, 1 dependent variable and 11 independent variables were set, and multiple regression analysis was applied to find correlation between variables and the model. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Among 11 independent variables abstracted to study suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park, as a result of analysis on correlation between suitable illuminance of a dependent variable and activity space by using dummy variables, activity type and illuminance by spaces the suitable illuminance required for an urban neighborhood park was much influenced by activity type, and the fact that the activity was not limited to a specific space. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park were activity space, illuminance by spaces, seated activity, standing activity, and sporting activity. And, for relative contribution of independent variables to suitable illuminance, activity with sporting showed an importance 22 times higher than seated activity. When the central square(Sp_1) of activity spaces was set to reference category using dummy variables, it showed a contribution 52 times higher than sorting space(Sp_7) and the central square as the most important variable. 3) It was analyzed that suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood part was most influenced by sporting activity but the relative contribution of a sporting space where activity with sporting occurs was least in view of the function of the space. Very high illuminance is required to accept high activity, and if illuminance at a certain space becomes too high, it may influence the illuminance of other spaces, and may consequently have a negative effect on the suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood park. The results of this study were mainly for teenagers and young adults in their twenties, so further concrete studies which consider gender and a wider age range are needed in the future. Based on subsequent study, suitable illuminance by spaces shall be suggested.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2009

통계모형의 상호작용 효과를 분석하기위해 비모수적인 방법인 다중인자 차원 축소(MDR)방법을 사용해 왔다. MDR 방법은 사례-대조 데이터에만 적용 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Regression tree 알고리즘과 더미 변수를 활용한 회귀분석 알고리즘을 사용하여 다중 범주를 High 범주와 Low범주로 분류함으로써, MDR방법에서 연속형 데이터에 적용 할 수 없는 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 제시된 Expanded MDR방법과 Dummy MDR방법을 한우의 주요 경제형질(longissimus muscle dorsi area: LMA, carcass cold weight: CWT, average daily gain: ADG)데이터에 적용하여 한우의 경제형질에 영향을 주는 주요 SNPs 마커를 규명하고, Permutation test를 통해 그 결과를 비교한다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.727-738
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• 2008

변수들 사이 공적분관계의 존재는 불안정한 시계열의 선형결합이 안정적임을 뜻하지만 이 결합이 표본기간 내 발생한 사건에 영향을 받는다면 공적분검정의 기본 가정에 위배되어 검정력은 약해지고 결과는 현실과 차이가 난다. 이러한 관점에 입각하여 본 연구에서는 전체 표본의 일부를 단계적으로 증가시켜 가며 국내 주식시장 장기균형체계를 추정하여 시간가변성 및 안정성을 검정하였으며, 구조적 변화의 발생이 확인된 구간에 대해서는 가변수를 추가하는 방식으로 전 구간에 걸쳐 공적분 벡터를 안정화시키는 방안을 모색하여 보았다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

E-commerce market has been increasing rapidly, which reflects the convenience and economic benefits associated with its usage. Unlike the traditional markets, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) becomes more important because e-commerce consumers can't experience the real product in the purchase decision-making process. In this regard, identifying the influencing factors to WOM of internet e-commerce site is very important. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of perceived and individual variables on WOM in the context of internet e-commerce site. In order to analyze the antecedents, we selected perceived and individual factors such as regret tendency scale, prior knowledge and merchandise attractiveness. In addition, we examined the role of gender as dummy and moderating variable. For empirical analysis, we surveyed real users of internet e-commerce site. As a result, all antecedents showed significant influence on WOM except regret tendency scale. Among the variables, the merchandise attractiveness has top standardized coefficient. Gender plays a role as moderating variable when only interacting with regret tendency scale. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for internet e-commerce providers.