• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

본 연구는 냉동과 해동 방법에 따른 토종오리고기의 육질특성을 비교하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 시험에 사용된 공시재료는 8주령 토종오리(평균체중 2.8 kg)를 도압(屠鴨)하여 채취한 가슴육을 이용하였다. 본 시험의 처리구는 냉동 전 신선육을 대조구(CON)로 하고, 시험구는 냉동 2처리(급냉(FF), 완냉(SF)와 해동 2처리(급해동(FT), 완해동(ST))의 $2{\times}2$ 복합요인으로 4처리구로 하여 총 5처리구(CON, FFFT, FFST, SFFT, SFST), 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 3점씩 총 45점을 이용하였다. 급냉(시료를 $-50^{\circ}C$ deep freezer에서 보관)과 완냉(시료를 $-20^{\circ}C$ 냉동고에 보관)의 두 가지 방법으로 냉동된 시료를 1개월 저장 후, 급해동($12^{\circ}C$ 5시간의 유수해동)과 완해동($5^{\circ}C$ 24시간 냉장고 해동)의 두 가지 방법으로 해동하여 분석에 이용하였다. 육색 중 명도는 급냉시킨 경우와 급해동시킨 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05). 황색도는 완해동시킨 경우에는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 물리적 성상 중 가열감량과 보수력은 대조구가 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 낮게 나타난 반면에(P<0.01, P<0.05), 전단력은 냉동과 행동 처리구에 비해 대조구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 화학적 성상 중 수분의 함량은 완해동한 경우에 급해동에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 함량은 급해동한 경우 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Myristic acid(C14:0)와 linolenic acid(C18:3n3) 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Stearic acid(C18:0) 함량은 완냉동시킨 경우에 급냉동의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 해동의 경우에는 처리구간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Arachidonic acid(C20:4n6)은 완냉동과 완해동의 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 필수아미노산 중 대조구의 threonine, glycine, iso-leucine, leucine, tryptophan 함량은 냉동과 해동 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Methonine과 valine 함량은 해동에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 냉동 처리시 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 비필수아미노산 중 alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동처리구보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 결론적으로, 토종오리고기의 냉동 및 해동은 수분과 관련된 육색, 전단력, 가열감량, 보수력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.669-673
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate kiwifruit as a tenderizer by its effects in improving the quality of various beef parts. Basic data are provided for development of standard recipes for convenient cooking in foodservice. The optimum temperature of the crude proteolytic enzymes in the kiwifruit was determined to be $65^{\circ}C$. The substrate specificity of the enzymes was higher in beef than in pork, chicken, or duck. The enzymes had their greatest effects on chuck and rib parts, and had lower effects on loin, breast, and round parts, in that order. As the amount of kiwifruit extract increased, the moisture content of the cooked beef also increased. The addition of 10% kiwifruit improved the sensory quality of the cooked beef. In particular, the texture scores of cooked beef samples treated with 10% and 15% kiwifruit extract were significantly higher than the other samples (p<0.001), and juiciness and overall acceptability scores were also highest. In summary, 10% kiwifruit extract is deemed an appropriate addition to improve.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.733-739
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• 1966

A 371 agricultural households from 26 different communities in South Korea was subjected on a study of food taboos in January of 1966. To the pregnant women, those to whom a high protein diet is particurally important, as many as 14 different kinds of foods, mostly portein rich foods, were avoided to eat. It is believed that if duck is eaten while pregnant her baby may walk like a duck in later life. Some mother have a strong aversion to the rabbit meat that her unborn baby must be a harelip. It is feared to eat chicken, shark or carp by the pregnant mother for her baby may get a gooseflesh appearance, or fish scale-like skin in later life. It is thought that if mother eats soup made of meat borns, especially chicken bones, a disfigured baby may be born. Some area informed that if mother eats crab meat her future baby will always bubble. To the child-bearing mothers 13 different kinds of foods were avoided to eat. Some believe that if raddish kimchi, soybean curd, squash are eaten while dilivery that mother may get dental decay or to lose all her teeth. Other think that highly spiced raddish kimchi cause delivery difficult. To the lactating mothers 7 different items of foods were not recommended to eat. It is a common belief that eating green vegetables, especially fresh lettuce, are restricted that her baby may stool greenish. It is said that eating ginsen-chicken soup, or ginsen tea during lactating reduces breast milk secretion. To the weaning babies 7 different kinds of foods were prohibited to fee. Eggs are not eaten because mothers think her babies will start to talk very late. Eight different items of foods in cases of gastro-intestinal diseases, 5 items for liver disease, 7 items for high blood pressure as well as for paralysis were respectively restricted. It is said that meats including pork, beef, and chicken are neither desirable for the patients of high blood pressure nor those of paralysis. To the measles children 10 varieties of foods were restricted. Especially soybean products and meats were not encouraged to use for avoiding asecond attack of measles. For the common cold 8 different kinds of foods were aversed and men think that eating of soup of undria delays a recovery. For the tuberculosis 4 kinds of foods were prohibited to eat. It is said that wine, red pepper and ginsen will stimulate lung bleeding. Many mothers had a strong aversion to fermented shrimp and fish in case of style. and 5 different items of foods were restricted. In case of menstration not so many foods were restricted as other cases, but meat soup is not eaten in this condition in some areas. Majority of food taboos in Korean villages are neither based on tribal nor religious factors. But no one knows how, since what ages, from where, these food taboos have been transmitted and spread over the country. This survey found a great variety of food taboos, aversions, traditional beliefs and prohibitions latent unknown reseasons, or non-scientific conceptions, or completely different ideas from the modern medical aspect, or somewhat fallacious and superstitious beliefs. For the vascular disease contrasting approach were found between modern the oritical therapy and popular remedy among the rural populations who largely depend on the eastern medication. Further scientific study on either side should be done to lead the patient proper way. Many restricted foods such as rabbit, duck, chicken and fish are best resources of protein rich foods which are available in the village. Emphasis should be laid upon breaking down fallacious and supersititious food taboos through the extended nutrition education activities in order to improve food habit and good eating pattern for healthier and stronger generations of Korea.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 조리방법(원재료, 삶기, 굽기, 볶기, 튀기기, 찌기, 로스팅, 전자레인지)에 따른 닭, 토종닭, 오리의 부위별(가슴, 날개 및 다리) 콜레스테롤, 레티놀 및 알파-토코페롤의 함량을 조사하였다. 모든 지용성 영양 성분은 알칼리 검화법을 통해 검화물 제거 후 용매추출법을 이용하여 동시 추출하였다. 닭, 토종닭 및 오리의 부위별 지용성 영양 성분의 함량을 조사한 결과, 닭과 토종닭의 가슴살은 다리살이나 날개살에 비해 낮은 콜레스테롤, 레티놀 및 알파-토코페롤 함량을 보였다. 콜레스테롤의 경우에는 조리 후에 전반적으로 성분 함량이 증가하였으며, 특히 닭의 경우 튀기기 조리 후 날개살과 다리살의 콜레스테롤 함량은 107.32 mg/100 g과 94.25 mg/100 g으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 분석된 시료들 중에서 가장 높은 콜레스테롤 함량(233.77 mg/100 g)은 전자레인지 조리 후 오리의 날개살에서 검출되었다. 레티놀의 경우 닭, 토종닭 및 오리의 부위별 성분 함량이 전반적으로 감소하였으며, 닭의 가슴살과 다리살의 경우 볶기와 튀기기에서 다른 조리방법에 비해 비교적 높은 레티놀 함량을 나타냈다. 또한 토종닭의 경우 가슴살의 함량이 날개살과 다리살보다 매우 낮은 경향을 보였다. 알파-토코페롤 역시 모든 가금류에서 대체적으로 가슴살이 다른 부위에 비해 낮은 알파-토코페롤 함량을 나타냈으며, 닭과 토종닭의 경우에는 대체적으로 볶기와 튀기기 조리 후 알파-토코페롤의 함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 경향은 조리 중에 사용된 콩기름에 산화방지제로 함유된 토코페롤의 영향 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.825-834
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted with growing crossbred Super-Meat ducks at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to evaluate the effects of reducing the proportion of soybean meal (SBM) in a broken rice (BR)-SBM mixture and providing soya waste (SW) ad libitum (Expt. 1), and reducing the proportion of fish meal (FM) in a BR-FM mixture and supplying ensiled shrimp waste (ESW) ad libitum (Expt.2). Both experiments included five treatments, with three replicates and ten growing ducks per replicate. In Expt.1, the five diets were based on BR and five levels of SBM, with SW offered ad libitum. The control diet (SBM25) consisted of 75% BR and 25% SBM, and the other four treatments included SBM levels of 20% (SBM20), 14% (SBM14), 8% (SBM8) and 0% (SBM0) mixed with BR to 100%, and with SW ad libitum. In Expt. 2, the control diet consisted of 86% BR and 14% FM, and the other dietary treatments had FM levels of 11% (FM11), 8% (FM8), 4% (FM4) and 0% (FM0) mixed with BR, and with ESW ad libitum. In Expt. 1, total intakes of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher for birds given SW (p<0.001). Total CP intake was highest on the SBM20 diet, and lowest on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Lower daily gain (DG) was found for the SBM0 diet (p<0.01). Carcass weights were higher on the control treatment, with the lowest values on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Gizzard weights were higher on diets with high intakes of SW (p<0.05). In Expt. 2, birds with high intakes of ESW (FM4 and FM0) had lower (p<0.01) daily intakes of DM. The total CP intakes declined (p<0.001) with higher intakes of ESW. The highest DG were for the control and FM11 diets, while the lowest value was for diet FM0 (p<0.001). The poorest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was for the FM0 treatment (p<0.01). Lower weights of carcass and breast muscle were found on the FM0 diet (p<0.001). Feed costs per kg gain were only slightly different between diets. However, the lowest feed cost was for ducks on the SBM0 and FM11 diets in Expt.1 and Expt. 2, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

This work was conducted to investigate the performance and meat characteristics of commercial Korean native duck (KND). A total of 180 1-d-old ducklings of 2-way crossbreds from A and B lines (from National Institute of Animal Science) were used in this work and divided into 4 groups (3 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate). The four groups were 4 crossbreds as AA (A line [♀]${\times}$A line [♂]), AB (A line [♀]${\times}$B line [♂]), BB (Pure line B strains) and BA (B strains [♀]${\times}$A strain [♂]). Ducks were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal for 0 to 3 wk (22.4% crude protein [CP], 2,945 kcal/kg metabolizable energy [ME]) and 3 to 8 wk (18.4% CP, 3,047 kcal/kg ME). As a result of this study, average body weight of 4 crossbreds were 625, 1,617, 2,466, and 2,836 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, and significantly increased over the period of time (p<0.05). Body weight of BB group was greater than other crossbreds at the age of 6 weeks (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in weekly body weight gains (p<0.05), which were 573, 991, 850, and 371 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks old, respectively. Uniformity of 4 crossbreds was 84.9%, 80.5%, and 72.5% at 6, 7, and 8 weeks, respectively, and there was no difference among crossbreds. Body weight gain of BB crossbred was highest among crossbreds (p<0.05). Weekly feed intake significantly increased with weeks as 669, 1,839, 2,812, and 3,381 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively (p<0.05). Feed intakes of AA and BB crossbreds were higher at 2 to 4 weeks old than others and that of BB crossbred was highest at 4 to 6 weeks old (p<0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratios were 1.17, 1.86, 3.32, and 9.37 at 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 8 weeks old, respectively, and it increased with age (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio among crossbreds. Carcass yields of 4 crossbreds were 73.6%, 71.6%, 73.5%, and 71.7%, respectively, so there was no significant difference among crossbreds. There was no difference in wing, neck, breast and leg ratios among crossbreds. However, back ratios of 4 crossbreds were 17.6%, 18.0%, 15.8%, and 17.6%, respectively, and back ratio of BB was the highest among crossbreds. Finally, these results may provide the basic data on the production, carcass quality, fatty acid and amino acid composition of commercial KND with 2-way crossbreeding.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

본 실험은 대사 에너지와 조단백질 수준이 토종오리의 생산성 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 육성 전기는 토종오리 828수를 9개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였고, 육성 후기는 육성 전기를 거친 토종오리 중 720수를 9개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기의 실험 사료는 ME 3,000, 2,900 및 2,800 kcal/kg, CP 23, 22 및 21%이었으며, 육성 후기에는 ME 3,100, 3,000 및 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 19, 18 및 17%로 처리하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기 실험 결과는 CP 수준이 증가함에 따라 체중, 증체량 및 사료 요구율이 유의적으로 개선되었지만(Linear effect, P<0.01), ME 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction에 의한 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 균일도는 ME, CP 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 육성 후기 실험 결과는 체중, 섭취량, 증체량, 사료 요구율 및 균일도에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, 도체율에서는 ME 3,000 kcal/kg에서 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며(Quadratic effect, P<0.01), ME와 CP의 수준이 증가함에 따라 간의 상대적 중량이 유의적으로 각각 작아지는 결과(Linear effect, P<0.01)가 나타났다. 가슴육, 넓적다리 및 북채의 상대적 중량에서는 수준간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 토종오리 고기의 화학 및 물리적 특성인 육색, pH, 가열 감량 및 전단력가에서는 ME 및 CP 수준과 $ME{\times}CP$ interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다.