• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to conduct the study of the combustion and thermal characteristics through transportation oil for the analysis of fire hazard. Transportation oil breaks down into fuels such as diesel for civilian demands, gasoline, DF1(diesel for military), high sulfur diesel(for marine), kerosene and JP1(for aviation), and lubricants like brake fluid, power steering oil, engine oil, and automatic and manual transmission oil. The experiments of flash point, ignition point, flame duration time, heat release rate were carried out using TAG closed cup flash point tester(AFP761), Cleveland open cup auto flash point analyzer(AFP762), KRS-RG-9000 and Dual cone calorimeter. As a result, the fuel's ignition points were lower than lubricants, especially that of gasoline was not conducted as it has below zero one. Gasoline has the highest ignition point of about $600^{\circ}C$, while the other fuels showed $400{\sim}465^{\circ}C$. For flame duration time, lubricants had over 300 seconds, but fuels had less than 300 seconds except high sulfur diesel(350 seconds). Total heat release rate ranged $287{\sim}462kW/m^2$ for lubricants and gasoline showed the highest total heat release rate, $652kW/m^2$.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 건축물 내장재 가운데 바닥재의 화재특성을 평가하기 위하여 목재, 모노륨, 장판지, 니스코팅 된 장판지 등 4종의 바닥재를 대상으로 콘칼로리미터, 발화온도시험기, 열중량분석기, 한계산소지수시험기 등을 이용하여 착화성, 발열특성, 난연성과 같은 연소특성을 분석하였다. 모노륨은 발화온도가 $325^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮았으며, 장판지와 니스코팅 된 장판지는 비교적 빠른 시간인 7초 이전에 착화가 시작되었다. 총열방출량은 목재가 $100MJ/m^2$로 가장 높게 나타났지만 최대열방출율은 니스코팅된 장판지가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 열중량분석 결과, 모든 바닥재들이 $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ 온도구간에서 급격한 중량감소를 보였으며, 한계산소지수는 장판지와 니스코팅 된 장판지가 20~21% 정도이고 목재는 34%로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면, 모노륨, 장판지, 니스코팅 된 장판지는 착화가 빠르고 연소가 용이한 반면, 발열량은 낮은 것을 알 수 있었으며, 목재는 비교적 착화위험성이 낮고 난연성은 좋지만 발열량이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.456-460
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• 2005

To enforce the maximum residue limit for residual hexane (0.005 g/kg) in commercially available Korean vegetable oil, convenient and accurate quantification methods were investigated. Using dual surrogate standards, pentane and heptane were dissolved in ethanol, and then added to hexane-tree sunflower oil for setting up the calibration curve. Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector with a porous layer open tubular column, indicated good chromatographic separation of hexane from other inhibiting matrix components. The lowest calibration level was $0.5\;{\mu}g/g$, not exceeding a relative standard deviation of 10% (RSD%), and 1.0\;{\mu}g/g$ not exceeding a deviation of 22% RSD% using heptane as an internal standard for the Static headspace analysis by using a headspace auto-sampler and manual injection, respectively. The residual hexane was detected in nine of the samples among 87 vegetable oil samples purchased on the local market.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2013

The effect of gaseous ammonia direct injection on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline-ammonia dual fueled spark-ignition engine was investigated in this study. Results show that based on the gasoline contribution engine power increases as the ammonia injection timing and duration is advanced and increased, respectively. However, as the initial amount of gasoline is increased the maximum power output contribution from ammonia is reduced. For gasoline-ammonia, the appropriate injection timing is found to range from 320 BTDC at low loads to 370 BTDC at high loads and the peak pressures are slightly lower than that for gasoline due to the slow flame speed of ammonia, resulting in the reduction of combustion efficiency. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for gasoline-ammonia has little difference compared to the BSEC for gasoline only. Ammonia direct injection causes slight reduction of $CO_2$ and CO for all presented loads but significantly increases HC due to the low combustion efficiency of ammonia. Also, ammonia direct injection results in both increased ammonia and NOx in the exhaust due to formation of fuel NOx and ammonia slip.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 1990

십자화과의 양배추와 브로콜리에서 함황 휘발성분 함량과 캐러웨이 종자의 sulfhydryl oxidase를 이용한 십자화과 채소의 함황 불쾌취 억압을 FID와 FPD가 동시에 연결된 개스 크로마토그래피로써 조사하였다. 양배추와 브로콜리에서 생성되는 휘발성 유황화합물은 캐러웨이 종자의 첨가량과 항온처리 시간에 따라 함량 및 생성률에 차이가 있었는데, 양배추와 브로콜리에 캐러웨이 종자를 첨가한 것이 대조구보다 methanethiol과 dimethyl disulfide 생성량이 훨씬 적었다. 또한 thiol oxidase 활성을 가진 캐러웨이 종자의 액상 슬러리를 이용하여 methanethiol과 dimethyl disulfide를 제거하는데 효과가 있었으며, 이들의 제거율은 캐러웨이 종자의 첨가량에 비례하였고, 특히 2.5% 캐러웨이 종자를 함유한 액상슬러리에서 효과적이었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.860-865
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• 2012

바이오매스 합성가스는 저열량 가스이지만 유류를 대체하기 위한 목적으로 공업로, 보일러 등에서 혼소방법으로 이용되고 있다. 혼소버너의 기본구조는 오일버너를 중심부로 하고 저열량 가스 연료를 그 주위로 공급하는 형태로 설계되었다. 본 연구에서는 가스의 균일분산 방법과 가스노즐 각도를 변화시키는 방법을 적용하여 세 종류의 버너를 설계하였다. 연소공기량 증가에 따라 CO 발생량이 감소하였으며, 혼소조건에서 화염으로부터 잔염 발생 원인은 오일버너로부터 미립화 불량인 것으로 나타났다. 혼소조건에서는 가스와 오일연료에 대한 과잉공기 요구량이 서로 다르기 때문에 적절하게 연소공기량을 맞추기가 어려웠지만, 과잉산소 4.7~8.2% 범위에서 안정적인 연소조건 유지가 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 합성가스와 유류의 혼소 이용은 합성가스 성분이 오일보다 연소속도가 빠르게 이루어져 오일버너 미립화를 촉진시켜주고, 오일 단독연소조건보다 CO 배출 농도를 낮게 유지할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the lean combustion limit and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2016

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the combustion stability and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.