• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mechanical and chemical drying agents at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants. The mower conditioner /chemical drying agent ($K_2CO_3$ 2% conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in 1996. After field dry, four square bales were made by hay baler, and the visual estimation and nutritive value of hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rate of pasture plants was higher with delayed stage of harvest, and mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but chemical alone was very low. In mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 0.5 to 1 day compared with $K_2CO_3$ and 1.5 to 2 days compared with control. The dry matter loss of hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical, and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storage was high in mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. Nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. The quality of hay was very low when harvested at bloom stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants, however the drying efficiency of chemical drying agent was very low. Harvesting at early heading to heading stage was recommened for manufacture of high quality hay.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 1987

마이크로 컴퓨터 계측 및 제어 시스템을 설계 제작하여 프로그램에 의해 온도 및 무게를 자동(自動) 측정(測定)하고 on-off작동(作動)에 의한 온도 제어와 D/A변환기(變換機)를 부착(附着)한 접속장치(接續裝置)로 풍량을 필요에 따라 자동 제어할 수 있었다. 건조 실험에 관여하는 변수들의 기록과 분석을 컴퓨터화 함으로써 수분감량(水分減量)을 일일이 칭칭량법(稱量法)으로 측정하 는번거로움과 시간을 절약할 수 있었다. 더욱이 계측(計側) 과정에서 건조계(乾燥系)를 전혀 흐트려뜨리지 않게 함으로써 건조가 완료될 때까지 건조환경을 그대로 유지할 수 있었고 자료의 채취시간도 프로그램을 통하여 임의(任意)로 설정하여 조절(調節)할 수 있어 건조실험을 완전 자동화할 수 있었다. 또한 건조 진행중에 software적으로 풍속을 변화시켜 건조를 행한 결과 건조 초기에는 풍속이 건조속도에 크게 영향을 미치나 건조 말기에는 영향이 적었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microwave drying characteristics of mixtures of chemical wastewater sludge (70~90%) and anthracite coal (10~30%) with respect to physical and economic factors such as mass, volume reduction, moisture content, drying rate and heating value when the wastes were dried at different weight mixing ratio and for different microwave irradiation time. The drying process were carried out in a microwave oven, the combined drying process with a 2,450 MHz frequency and 1 kW of power. Maximum dry rates per unit area on the microwave drying of mixtures with chemical wastewater sludge and anthracite coal were $35.5kg\;H_2O/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for Cs90-Ac10; $40.1kg\;H_2O/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for Cs80-Ac20 and $35.0kg\;H_2O/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for Cs70-Ac30. The result clearly indicated that moisture can be effectively and inexpensively removed from the wastes through use of the microwave drying process.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1981

A simulation model of natural air drying to predict the changes of the grain moisture content and dry matter loss of rough rice was developed by the application of mass diffusion theory. A series of simulated drying tests was conducted using the 10 year weather data (1970-1979) obtained from Cheongju, Chuncheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Jeonju, Jinju and Suweon in Korea. System performance factors treated in this study were initial moisture content, airflow rate, bin diameter and grain depth. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1) The simulation model used in this study was validated with actual experimental results and was applicable to the natural air drying of rough rice. 2) Minimum airflow rates for safe drying were determined for different initial moisture contents and regional weather conditions as shown in Table 6. 3) Equations for estimating drying time and dry matter loss in terms of airflow rate and initial moisture content were derived in the form of an exponential function. 4) These results show that the natural air drying system of rough rice is feasible in Korea even for the poorest drying condition.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

A natural air in-bin grain dryer with a grain circulator was developed for on farm use. Natural air drying test for rough rice was carried out to evaluate drying rate, uniformity of moisture content distribution in grain bed and energy consumption. It took 10 days to dry 8 ton of paddy rice from 21.9%(w.b) of moisture contents to 16.7%(w.b), by prototype dryer and the average drying rate was 0.52%/day. The uniformity of moisture content after drying was superior to a conventional natural air dryer in which grains were not mixed during drying periods. The dryer performance evaluation index was 738.3kJ/(kg.water), which was more effective than that of grain circulation type hot air dryer(3,500∼5,000 kJ/kg.water)

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1995

The plywoods commonly used as decorative interior materials for the construction are inflammable and so it is a causative factor for making fire accidents, resulting in the destruction of human life and personal properties. Indeed, it is, therefore, required to produce fire-retardant plywoods. In this study, a special grade of defect-free, Kapur plywood was used. Specimens were cut into 3- by 20cm dimensions from 120- by 240- by 0.33-cm panels(thin panel) or 120- by 240- by 0.5-cm panels(thick panel). Some specimens were treated with diammonium phosphate(DAP), but some were not treated with diammonium phosphate to use as control panels. Chemical absorption, drying curves, drying rates and dynamic Young's modulus were investigated. The results were summaries as follows; 1. The specimens were soaked into 19% diammonium phosphate solution by a full cell pressure process and the diammonium phosphate retained in the thin and thick plywoods was 1.409kg/$(30cm)^3$, 1.487kg/$(30cm)^3$, respectively. 2. Diammonium phosphate-treated plywoods were redried with press-drying process at one of either condition dried on the platen($115^{\circ}C$) for a period of time or dried on the platen($50^{\circ}C$) for 3 hrs plus in a dry-oven($30^{\circ}C$) for 24 hrs. or dried on the platen($60^{\circ}C$) for 2 hrs plus in a dry-oven($30^{\circ}C$) for 24 hrs. The drying rate of treated thin specimens dried at $60^{\circ}C$ plus $30^{\circ}C$ and $115^{\circ}C$ only was found to be 0.04 %/min. and 8.53 %/min. Similarly, the drying rate of treated thick specimens were 0.03 %/min. and 6.77 %/min. respectively. 3. It was evident that highly-significantly different drying rate of treated plywoods was observed between plywood thicknesses and platen temperatures and the rate was increased by elevating the platen temperature up to $115^{\circ}C$. Based on the two-way variance analysis, highly significant drying rate was observed from the interaction between plywood thicknesses and platen temperatures. 4. After redrying, the specimens were weighed and reconditioned to a constant weight in a facility maintained temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(65%) prior to test dynamic Young's modulus. The test revealed that the thin specimens dried at the platen temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $115^{\circ}C$ and untreated specimens showed 1.070E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, 1.156E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, 1.243E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, and 1.052E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, respectively. Likewise, the thick specimens revealed 5.647E+09 dyne/$cm^2$ 5.670E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, 6.395E+09 dyne/$cm^2$ and 5.415E+09 dyne/$cm^2$, respectively. 5. It was evident that significantly different dynamic Young's modulus was observed between the plywood thickness and the platen temperature, but not in the two-way interaction between the plywood thickness${\times}$the platen temperature.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 1982

송풍식건조과정(送風式乾燥過程) 중의 말쥐치육의 건조기구(乾操機構)와 수분활성(水分活性)과의 관계를 검토하기 위하여 $47.5^{\circ}C$에서 풍속과 공기의 상대습도를 달리하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 건조과정은 정속건조기(定速乾燥期)와 감속건조기(減速乾燥期)로 구분되었다. 정속건조기(定速乾燥期)는 건조표면(乾燥表面)이 수분활성(水分活性) 1.0을 유지하는한 계속되었으며, 온도와 상대습도가 일정할 때 정속건조속도(定速乾燥速度)는 공기의 속도(速度)의 제곱근에 비례하였다. 감속건조기(減速乾燥期)는 건조기구(乾操機構)가 서로 다른 제(第)1 및 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)로 구분되었다. 제(第)1감속건조기(減速乾燥期)는 모세관 응축수의 건조표면(乾燥表面)으로의 이동이 불충분한 불포화표면건조기(不飽和表面乾燥期)였으며, 이 때의 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 공기의 온도가 일정할 때 상대습도에 크게 좌우되었다. 제(第)1감속건조기(減速乾燥期)와 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)의 변환점에서 표면경화현상(表面硬化現象)이 시작되었다. 상대습도의 변화에 따라 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)가 시작될 때의 수분활성(水分活性)과 수분함량(水分含量)은 각각 다른 값을 나타내었다. 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)는 다시 건조기구(乾操機構)를 달리하는 두 개의 건조기(乾燥期)로 구분되었다. 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)의 1단계는 말쥐치육 내부의 모세관 응축수가 건조표면(乾燥表面)으로 확산, 증발하여 건조가 진행되었으며, 이때의 수분의 확산계수는 $47.5^{\circ}C$에서 $2.89{\cdot}10^{-10}m^2/sec$였다. 표면경화현상(表面硬化現象)은 말쥐치육의 수분활성(水分活性)이 0.7에 이를때까지 계속되었다. 제(第)2감속건조기(減速乾燥期)의 2단계는 수분활성(水分活性) 0.45에서 시작되었다. 이 때의 건조는 말쥐치육 내부에 다분자층(多分子層)으로 흡착(吸着)한 결합수의 건조표면(乾燥表面)으로의 확산, 증발에 의하여 진행되었다. 흡착수분(吸着水分)의 분자층(分子層)의 수는 4였으며, $47.5^{\circ}C$에서의 확산계수는 $4.38{\cdot}10^{-11}m^2/sec$였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2001

Low temperature vacuum drying technique shows very excellent energy efficiency and prominent drying performances compared with the conventional hot air drying technique. This study was focused on the thermal characteristics of the low temperature vacuum drying technique. From the results of this study, it was confirmed that the time consumption for drying with the new drying technique could be shortened to about 1/3 of the time consumption with the conventional hot air drying technique under the same drying conditions for wet products. Also, the maximum drying rate with the new drying technique reached to about $0.35kg/m^2h$ at about 400% of moisture content.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1974

고추 건조방법(乾燥方法)의 개선(改善) 및 건조특성(乾燥特性)을 알기 위하여 원형(原形) 및 절단(切斷)고추에 대(對)하여 온도(溫度)및 풍속(風速)의 영향을 조사(調査)하고 고추 건조기작(乾燥機作)을 고찰(考察)하였다. 1) 원형(原形)고추 건조곡선(乾燥曲線)의 특징(特徵)은 건조초기(乾燥初期)에는 어느정도(程度)의 settling down period를 가졌고 그이 후 제일(第一), 이기(二期) 감율건조기(減率乾燥期)를 보였으나 저온건조(低溫乾燥)일수록 항속건조양상(恒速乾燥樣相)을 띠어 임계수분함량(臨界水分含量)에 이르는, 시간(時間)이 최저온도(最低溫度)인 $55^{\circ}C$에서 15시간(時間)이나 되었다. 2) 절단(切斷)고추의 건조곡선(乾燥曲線)에서는 건조속도(乾燥速度)의 변화(蠻化)가 급격(急激)하였다. 3) 절단(切斷)고추의 건조방법(乾燥方法)은 원형건조(原形乾燥)에 비해 보다 효과적(效果的)이어서 각(各) 건조온도(乾燥溫度)에서 모두 약(約) 2배(倍) 이상(以上)의 건조시간(乾燥時間)을 단축(短縮)할 수 있었다. 4) 원형(原形) 및 절단건조(努斷乾燥) 모두 건조속도상수(乾燥速度常數)(k)값은 일정(一定)하지않고 시간(時間)에따라 변화(變化)하였으나 양건조방법(兩乾燥方法)에서 k값의 시간(時間)에 대(對)한 변화양상(變化樣相)이 구별(區別)되었다. 5) 건조속도상수(乾燥速度常數) k 값을 일정(一定)한 평균치(平均値)로 택(擇)할 경우, 원형건조(原形乾燥)에 대(對)하여는 $M-M_e/M_o-M_e=e^{-0.118t}$식(式는)이 절단건조(切斷乾燥)에 대(對)하여는 $M-M_e/M_o-M_e=e(-0.342t^{0.128})$식(式)이 적용되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

수본 연구에서는 Bio-drying 공법 활용한 공기 송풍량 및 예열에 따른 음식물류 폐기물의 수분 및 유기물의 처리 효율에 대해 분석하였으며, 음식물류 폐기물 처리 시 온도, CO2의 평가를 통해 공기 송풍량 및 공기 예열이 Bio-drying 공법의 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 공기 송풍량의 증가는 수분 제거율 및 제거 속도가 증가하는 결과를 미쳤지만, Bio-drying 내부 온도를 저하 시켜 미생물 활성도의 감소를 야기시켰다. 미생물의 활성도 유지를 위해서는 음식물류 폐기물의 성상에 따른 적정 공기 송풍량을 주입하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단되었으며, 본 연구에서는 15L/min으로 주입하였을 때가 최적이었다. 공기 예열 유무에 따른 유기물 및 수분 제거율을 평가한 결과 공기 예열을 하였을 때가 하지 않았을 때에 비해 유기물 제거율 및 수분 제거율이 3~5% 가량 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 Bio-drying 내부에 응축수 발생에 의한 내부 뭉침 현상도 발견되지 않았다. 따라서, 음식물류 폐기물의 효과적인 Bio-drying을 위해서는 미생물 활성도 유지를 위한 적정 송풍량을 유지 해야 하며, 공기 예열을 통한 주입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.