• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 2005

Efficiency study of chamomile and Thyme essential oil about the basal layer & sebaceous gland in dry-skin induced by surfactant is as following : 1. Formal observation of outer skin layer and basal layer There was refreshing effects about Surfactant induction skin inflammation in Chamomile, Thyme essential oil processing group but effect in surface layer appeared by higher thing in Chamomile essential oil and it could know that thing which do not use Thyme essential oil in case Thyme essential oil is ultraviolet rays allergy at skin care because Melanocyte appear on the surface is bigger than Chamomile essential oil that it was usefully reaction in basal layer. 2. Formal observation result of sebaceous glands. There are few damages in all group but there is recuperative through excessive water damage by excessive a sebaceous gland made of mulberry bark secretion because Thyme essential oil application group cause chapped skin phenomenon after surface-active agent processing but is seen that difference does not exist greatly and Thyme essential oil that general skin is strong in permeation is effective, but Surfactant induction skin inflammation estimates that Chamomile essential oil is effective. Therefore, it was considered that use of Chamomile essential oil is effectiveness than Thyme essential oil by essential oil used for recovery after damage of inflammation etc..

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the efficacy and safety of "Functional cosmetics containing peptide Scolopendrasin-I isolated from the Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans" on dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 24 patients who visited Semyung Oriental Medical Center from November 1st, 2018 to December 20th, 2018 were included in the study. In this study, the patients were treated with Functional cosmetics containing peptide Scolopendrasin-I isolated from the Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. For 4 weeks of gross examination, instrumental assessment were made before and after the study to evaluate how well the products for treatment group in recovering the dry skin barriers by mild atopic dermatitis. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase in treatment group in baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. 2. In the primary endpoint, Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL) showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group between Baseline and 4 weeks. 3. In the secondary endpoint, Skin pH showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group between baseline and 4 weeks. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, SCORAD Index Assessment were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group in baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. Conclusions : According to the above experiments, it is suggested that "Functional cosmetics containing peptide Scolopendrasin-I isolated from the Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans" should be effective for dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at $70^{\circ}C$ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Epidermis is one of the most dynamic organs in the human body. Multiple layers of keratinocytes in the epidermis continuously undergo proliferation, differentiation, and desquamation cycles, which is the bases of maintaining the epidermal homeostasis. Epidermal homeostasis eventually leads to establish and maintain permeability barrier homeostasis, the most important function of the epidermis. The permeability barrier is located in the stratum corneum. Tightly coordinated regulations are required for the sustained normal barrier function. Extensive studies have established that several nuclear hormone liposensors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a PPARa, PPARb/d, PPARg and LXRs are expressed in keratinocyte. Activation of PPARs and LXRs could provide a mechanism to coordinate the formation of the corneocytes and extracellular lipid membranes that constitute the stratum corneum. Topical application of PPAR/LXR ligands to murine skin results in the increased expression of keratinocyte differentiation-related proteins, such as involucrin, loricrin, profilaggrin, and trans-glutaminase 1, which would stimulate cornified envelope formation. In conclusion, topical application of ligands or activators of PPAR/LXR as an epidermotherapy would be a promising option to deal dry skin conditions such as atopy.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.749-754
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• 2022

High adhesion and water resistance of the skin surface are required for wearable and skin-attachable electronic patches in various medical applications. In this study, we report a stretchable electronic patch that mimics the drainable structure pattern of the hexagonal channels of frog's pads and the sucker of an octopus based on carbon-based conductive polymer composite materials. The hexagonal channel structure that mimics the pads of frogs drains water and improves adhesion through crack arresting effect, and the suction structure that mimics an octopus sucker shows high adhesion on wet surfaces. In addition, the high-adhesive electronic patch has excellent adhesion to various surfaces such as silicone wafer (max. 4.06 N/cm²) and skin replica surface (max. 1.84 N/cm²) in dry and wet conditions. The high skin-adhesive electronic patch made of a polymer composite material based on a polymer matrix and carbon particles can reliably detect electrocardiogram (ECG) in dry and humid environments. The proposed electronic patch presents potential applications for wearable and skin-attachable electronic devices for detecting various biosignals.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Extraction and bleaching of citric acid- and pepsin-soluble collagens (ASC and PSC, respectively) from shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) skin and muscle were investigated. The optimal sodium hydroxide concentration for extraction was 0.3 M and the optimal treatment time for removal of foreign material was 9 h. The optimal sodium hypochlorite level for bleaching of shark skin was 0.48% (w/v), and sodium hypochlorite was a better bleaching agent than acetone, hydrogen peroxide (10%, v/v), sodium sulfite (0.48%, w/v), sodium thiosulfate (0.48%, w/v), or sodium metabisulfite (0.48%, w/v). Optimal citric acid concentration and extraction time for ASC were 0.3 M and 72 h, respectively, whereas optimal conditions for extraction of PSC were treatment with 0.1 M citric acid containing 0.1% (w/v) pepsin for 24 h. Protein contents in ASSC (acid-soluble shark skin collagen), ASMC (acid-soluble shark meat collagen), PSSC (pepsin-soluble shark skin collagen), and PSMC (pepsin-soluble shark meat collagen) were 88.66%, 83.09%, 90.33%, and 84.81% (on a dry weight basis), respectively, similar to that of commercial marine collagen (88.86%). Net collagen contents of ASSC, ASMC, PSSC, and PSMC, calculated from hydroxyproline levels, were 70.31%, 25.70%, 83.09%, and 32.94%, respectively. The yields of freeze-dried ASSC, ASMC, PSSC,and PSMC were 57.22%, 53.85%, 23.28%, and 20.61%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.5 s.104
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin type of $20{\sim}30’s$ women that use skin type test paper of cosmetic companies and usual using condition for the cosmetics. The result is as follows; The research target is $20{\sim}30’s$ woman in Seoul area, around capital city area and Geonra province, we surveyed the difference among the group, after dividing the groups with job, monthly income. As the result of research on the usual using cosmetics and cleansing products, $20{\sim}30’s$ woman mostly have toilet water, lotion and foam type cleansing product and use them. As the result of consciousness of skin type combination skin type is 46.1%, dry skin type is 23%, oily skin type is 15%, sensitive skin type is 9%, normal skin type is 7%. To compare results of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies with consciousness of skin type, result of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies was different consciousness of skin type. The result of skin type test paper of B company is same as consciousness of skin type is 31.2% and this result among cosmetics companies was appeared high ratio. Among the results from 3 companies, the rate that all result for 1 person's skin type are accord, is just 8%. 2 companies among them have matching rate of 42%. Most of all, each results of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies was appeared difference. This result show the problem of objectivity about skin type test paper of cosmetics companies that they using it.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.132-132
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• 1999

In the cosmetics field, facial skins have been classified into four types according to self estimation as well as physiological parameters. The aim of this study is to understand skin condition in the levels and composition of stratum corneum (SC) lipids, and to propose new classification for skin types. We assessed the relationship between the SC lipid composition and the self-estimated skin types or physiological parameters of the skin. Sensitive skin has been of great concern over the last decades, and it should be recognized as a skin type. Therefore, we also investigated the influence of the SC lipid composition on variations of sensitivity evaluated by the Stinging Test. Fifty-five healthy Japanese women aged 22-44 participated in this study. Skin biopsies were taken from facial skin using polyethylene sheet with cyanoacrylate. SC lipids were extracted and separated into individual lipid classes. The combined ceramides and cholesterol were quantified by HPTLC. Free fatty acid was quantified according to the ACS-ACOD method. Instrumental measurements were made at the site around the biopsy. In addition, the Stinging Test and a sensory evaluation questionnaire were administered to all subjects. The generally recognized O-D skin type classification is dependent on the consumer`s subjective assessment with respect to their skin troubles. The product of hydration state and skin surface lipid level showed a significant correlation with self-estimated skin types. The oily-dry skin type classified according to physiological parameters as well as SC lipid levels should be characterized as delicate skin with its barrier function deteriorating in the winter. Two groups of sensitive skin were established. One is the barrier function of the skin is deteriorated, and another is the sebaceous gland activity is in decline.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.52
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• pp.8.1-8.7
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• 2022

The Korean trident goby, Tridentiger brevispinis, lives in adverse habitats that can easily become hypoxic due to low precipitation, regional dry periods, and high amounts of solar radiation. Histological and morphometric studies revealed the goby's specialized skin (35.4-150.0㎛ in thickness), consisting of an epidermis and dermis. The thicker epidermis comprises an outermost surface layer (having taste buds, stratified fattened cells, mucous cells, pigment cells, and stratified polygonal cells), middle layer (having stratified polygonal cells), and stratum germinativum (stratified columnar cells). In particular, the dermis has scales, well-developed vascularization, and a few blood capillaries just above the basement membrane, and a reduced diffusion distance was present in the lateral body. Consequently, adaptations such as thicker epidermis, well-developed vascularization, few blood capillaries, and a reduced diffusion distance may provide cutaneous respiration for survival in poorly oxygenated water during the periodic dry season.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From December 2010 to April 2012, a total of 1,172 cancer patients who received radiotherapy (RT) of more than 50 Gy were prospectively enrolled and treated with EGF-based cream. An acute skin reaction classified according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 6-point rating scale was the primary end point and we also assessed the occurrence of edema, dry skin, or pruritus. Results: The percentage of radiation dermatitis with maximum grade 0 and grade 1 was 19% and 58% at the time of 50 Gy, and it became 29% and 47% after completion of planned RT. This increment was observed only in breast cancer patients (from 18%/62% to 32%/49%). Adverse events related to the EGF-based cream developed in 49 patients (4%) with mild erythema the most common. Skin toxicity grade >2 was observed in 5% of the patients. Edema, dry skin, and pruritus grade ${\geq}3$ developed in 9%, 9%, and 1% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of an EGF-based cream is effective in preventing radiation dermatitis with tolerable toxicity. Further studies comparing EGF cream with other topical agents may be necessary.