• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

The responses of soybean seeds were evaluated to accelerated aging and gamma irradiation with regard to germination, seed leakage, seed leachate component and dry weight of hypocotyl and primary root of the germinating seed. Accelerated aging significantly reduced the final germination rate while gamma irradiation increased the final germination rate. Furthermore, the interactive effects occurred that the final germination rate of 5-day aged seeds increased considerably in response to 4 Gy of gamma irradiation. The extent to which the electrolyte was leaked from the seeds (conductivity) was significantly affected by accelerated aging and showed a close negative correlation with the germination rate. Gamma irradiation, however, did not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of seed leachate. The accelerated aging significantly increased the concentrations of the particular electrolytes leaked from the seeds while the gamma irradiation did not affect those concentrations. Of the electrolytes leaked from the seeds, Ca and Mg showed relatively lower concentrations while K showed greater concentrations than others. Moreover, N and P showed similar responses to aging treatment. Aging treatment significantly affected dry weight (DW) of hypocotyls and primary root. Also, gamma irradiation decreased DW of hypocotyls and primary root, particularly for 8 Gy associated with 5 days aging treatment. The data were discussed in terms of the relationships of seed vigor with aging treatment and gamma irradiation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.440-446
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• 1986

The physiological reaction of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars tolerant and susceptible to rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) was studied at the AVRDC in Taiwan, ROC. The rust epidemic on the susceptible cultivar began earlier and progressed more rapidly than on the tolerant cultivar. The defoliation by rust infection increased rapidly after the latter half of pod filling. The reduction of LA! by rust in the susceptible cultivar occurred earlier than in the tolerant cultivar. The differences in the chlorophyll content between the rust-free and rust-infected plants was 2.04% in the tolerant, and 16.43% in the susceptible cultivar. The shoot dry weight increased at each growth stage in the fungicide protected plots, but decreased in the non-fungicide protected plots after the R6 growth stage onward and the tendency to decrease was more severe in the susceptible than in the tolerant cultivar. The pod and seed dry weight of the suscep-tible cultivar in the fungicide-protected plot increased dramatically from the R6 growth stage, but in the non-fungicide plot, there was almost no increase in pod and seed dry weight from R6 growth stage, due to rust. The number of empty pods and imperfect grains were increased by rust infection, but the protein content was not afftected. There were reductions of oil content, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, pod thickness, number of pods and seeds, 100 seed weight, and yield due to rust infection. The yield losses by rust infection were 22.3%in the tolerant and 68.7% in the susceptible cultivar.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.957-965
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• 2021

This research was carried out to investigate seed germination and growth of the perennial plant Apocynum lancifolium under different NaCl concentrations, with a view for future cultivation on reclaimed land. Initial characterization revealed that the average length and weight of A. lancifolium seed pods was 133.6 mm and 0.23 g, respectively, and the thousand-grain weight was 0.59 g. Upon examining the effects of light on seed germination, we found germination to be 1.7% higher under light conditions (90%) than under dark conditions (88.3%). In terms of the response to salt stress, we found that 90% of seeds germinated in the 0.00%, 0.25%, and 0.50% salt treatment groups. Although salt treatment up to a concentration of 0.5% was found to have little effect on seed germination, the rate of germination decreased at higher concentrations and was completely inhibited in the 2% treatment. We also established that germination rates were higher in seeds sown in horticultural topsoil than in the coarse sandy soil found in the plant's natural habitats. Although the growth of A. lancifolium tends to decrease with an increase in salt concentration, we found that the stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of A. lancifolium seedlings subjected to 0.25%-1.0% salt were comparable to those of the control seedling that were not exposed to salt. Furthermore, in contrast to those plants subjected to 2.0% salt, these plants continued to grow and remained viable.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.755-762
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to develop seed treatment for the production of healthy and clean peanut sprout. Dry heat treatment of peanut seeds reduced the incidence of the rot. The seed treatment condition at $52^{\circ}C$ for 10 h. was the most efficient without inhibiting seed viability significantly. Seeds were dark cultured at $27^{\circ}C$ for up to 9 days. The treatment of Indole-B and gibberellic acid influenced germination, T50, fresh, dry weight, hypocotyl length, hypocotyl length diameter, root length, number of lateral root and epicotyl of peanut sprout. There were no differences in the germinability of peanut seeds between gibberellic acid treatment methods but higher fresh weight was observed in the GA3 solution spray after 2 hour water soaking. The general growth and lateral root development of peanut sprouts were suppressed by Indole-B which is used for inhibiting root formation and promoting hypocotyls. The treatment of gibberellic acid promoted hypocotyl elongation, but it did not influence on the growth of hypocotyls and root system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Germination of sweet and super sweet corn is lower than normal corn due to the higher sugar and lower starch contents of kernels. Sweet corn seeds are easily deteriorated in the field under the unfavorable condition, therefore it is important to identify the optimal harvesting time for seed production. This trial was conducted to investigate the responses of germination percentage of shrunken-2(sh2), brittle(bt), sugary(su), and sugary enhancer(se) hybrids in relation to harvesting dates. Eight hybrids of four different gene sweet corns were harvested at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 days after silking(DAS). Germination test was performed using paper towel method. Mean germination percentages across eight hybrids showed the highest value at 45 DAS. There were significant differences among genes and within gene for germination. Shrunken-2 hybrid Mecca was higher than su hybrids for germination, indicating that sh2 would not be poorer than su Late harvesting beyond the optimal harvesting date might not be desirable because of more lodging and ear rots. Theoretical optimal harvesting date estimated from the regression equation was 40.9 DAS, however, practical date for harvesting would be a few days later than the estimated date if seedling vigor might be considered. Kernel dry weight per ear showed similar response to germination. Regression equation showed the highest kernel dry weight at 40.7 DAS. Significant correlations between kernel dry weight and germination were observed, impling that kernel dry matter accumulation would be an important factor for germination.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.431-434
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• 2000

To examine the allelopathic potentials of Chrysanthemum boreale, aqueous extracts and essential oil of the plant were used in these experiments. Seed germination of the receptor species was inhibited by the aqueous extracts and the inhibitory effect was increased in proportion to the concentration of extracts. In contrast, seedling elongation showed varied results. Achyranthes japonica, Bidens bipinnata, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis, Plantago asiatica, Pimpinella brachycarpa and Lactuca sativa were inhibited by increasing concentration of the aqueous extract, while Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis and Echinochloa crus-galli were stimulated by the extract. Dry weight was also inhibited proportionally by increasing concentration of the aqueous extract, while some species were stimulated by a lower concentration of the extract. The volatile substances of C. boreale did not affect the seed germination of receptor plants, but seedling elongation and dry weight of some species were inhibited dose-dependently. Root hair development of selected plants was inhibited along with the concentration of essential oil. The above mentioned results, therefore, confirmed that the natural substances from C. boreale had allelopathic potentials to other plants.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.183-200
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• 1989

An experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the International Rice Research Institute in 1987 to find out the character of dry matter production, the potential seed production ability and the ecological and physiological strategies to adaptation. For these, two rice cultivars, IR64(lowland rice) and UPLRi-5(upland rice), and seven weed species were used ; Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f., E. cress-galls ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda, E. colons (L.) Link, Monochoria vaginalis (Burin. f.), Ludwigia octovalvis Jacq.) Raven, Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl and Cyperus difformis L. Adaptation strategies of weed species varied by species. However, they had efficient seed production strategy through different ways. In general, sedge weed species (F. miliacea and C. difformis) produced great amount of seeds at the expense of seed size through greater ratooning ability and low relative dry weight for flowering. For broadleaved weed species, greater number of descendants were obtained through high plasticity and low relative dry weight for flowering (M. vaginalis) or greater growth ability through effective photosynthetic efficiency (L. octovalvis). Grass weed species, on the other hand, produced their seeds through effective growth (net assimilation rate and relative growth rate), high ratooning ability (except E. crus-galls ssp. hispidula) or low relative dry weight to maximum dry weight for flowering (E. glabrescens). The harvest indices of the weed species were considerably lower than those of rice. Fimbristylis miliacea had the greatest ratooning ability followed by C. difformis, E. colons and E. glabrescens. The greatest seed productivity was recorded by C. difformis (279, 000) and L. octovalvis (268,000) while rice produced the least number of seeds (1300-6100). Log seed weight had a negative linear relationship with log seed number (y=6.30-1.48X, $R=-0.965^{**}$). For all species plant plasticity response was not directly correlated with mortality response.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.