• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dry rice flour

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쌀가루의 제분방법에 따른 증편의 노화도 특성

  • 김영인;금준석;이상효;이현유
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.221.2-222
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    • 2003
  • The relative retrogradation of Jeungpyun investigated with different millimg methods of rice flour. The relative retrogradation of Jeungpyun was reduced in order that of W-C, W-P, D-M, D-J in DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry) method while W-C, D-M, D-J, W-P in Diastase method. In wet milling method, the relative retrogradation of Jeungpyun by Pin mill(W-P) was lower than Jeungpyun by colloid mill(W-C). In dry milling method, the relative retrogration of Jeungpyun by jet mill(D-J) was lower than Jeungpyun by micro mill(D-M). The relative retrogradation of Jeungpyun by DSC method was similar to the Diastase method. The relative retrogradation of Jeungpyun was decreased with decreasing particle size and setback value for amylogram and increasing damaged starch.

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A Study on the Cooking in 'The Kosa-sibi Jip' (2) ("고사십이집(攷事十二集)"의 조리가공에 관한 분석적 연구(2))

  • 김성미
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 1994
  • In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

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Quality Characteristics of Tarakjuk (milk-rice porridge) with different Roasting Conditions during Refrigerated Storage (볶음조건을 달리한 타락죽의 저장 시 품질의 변화)

  • 이귀주;김정은;김소정
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.342-351
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    • 2004
  • Rice flour was roasted at different temperatures and times and tarakjuk was made from these roasted rice flours. Chemical composition, in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) and protein digestibility (IVPD) of the roasted rice flours and tarakjuk were determined. Changes in quality characteristics such as pH, viscosity, IVSD and IVPD of tarakjuk during refrigerated storage were also investigated. For roasted rice non, the protein content ranged from 6.52∼7.13% on a dry basis, while for tarakjuk, the range was 3.74 ∼4.0%. On the other hand, the Ca level of tarakjuk ranged from 1,278.36∼1,340.87 ppm. Rice flours showed decreasing IVSD and increasing IVPD on roasting at 145$^{\circ}C$ and 165$^{\circ}C$, whereas they showed increasing IVSD and decreasing IVPD at 185$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Roasting also influenced the pH, viscosity, IVSD md IVPD of tarakjuk made from these roasted rice flours. As the roasting temperature and time increased, tarakjuk showed lower pH and viscosity, however it showed higher IVSD and IVPD. The pH of tarakjuk, except that of control, decreased with storage, whereas viscosity increased significantly. IVSD decreased up to 4 days of storage, after which it increased again until 14 days of storage. On the other hand IVPD increased up to 7 days of storage, but there was no additional significant increase after 14 days of storage. These results suggest that depending on the nutritional purpose, appropriate conditions for roasting of rice flour and storage of tarakjuk may be recommended for the commercialization of tarakjuk.

Texture Profiles and Retarding Retrogradation Analysis of a Korean Rice Cake (Karedduk) with Addition of Oligosaccharides (올리고당 첨가 가래떡의 텍스처 변화와 노화 억제 분석)

  • Kim, Sang-Sook;Chung, Hae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.533-538
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    • 2012
  • The retrogradation properties of a Korean rice cake ($Karedduk$) added with oligosaccharides after 0~30 hr of storage at $5^{\circ}C$ were examined by texture profile analysis and the Avrami equation using textural characteristics. Oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharide (50%) and maltooligosaccharide, were added to dry rice flour at levels of 10%. In the amylogram, the breakdown (P-H) and consistency (C-H) of the Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with oligosaccharides were lower than those of the control. Texture profile analysis using a Texture Analyzer revealed that the hardness of the Korean rice cake ($Karedduk$) added with oligosaccharides was lower than the control. The Avrami exponent ($n$) for the control, galactooligosaccharide (50%) 10% and maltooligosaccharide 10% addition was 2.415, 2.771 and 2.683, respectively. The time constant (1/$k$) for galactooligosaccharide (50%) 10% or maltooligosaccharide 10% addition was higher than the control. Overall, adding galactooligosaccharide (50%) 10% or maltooligosaccharide 10% to a Korean rice cake ($Karedduk$) is effective in retarding retrogradation.

Effect of Cereals on Lipid Concentration of Liver and Serum the Rats (곡류 급원에 따른 흰쥐의 간과 혈중 지질농도에 관한 연구)

  • 정경아;장유경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 1995
  • The present study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fiber on lipid concentration of liver and serum in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180$\pm$4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W, and F. Each group fed a diet containing 0.7% cholesterol and a kind of cereal among rice(R), brown rice(BR), barley(B), whole wheat(W), and wheat flour(F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follow : 1) Food intake. weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups. 2) Fecal wet weight and dry weight were significantly higher in W group which fed the most amount of IDF(insoluble dietary fiber). 3) The weight of large intestine was significantly heavier in the W group compared to the others. But the weights of liver, stomach and small intestine were not significantly different among the groups. 4) Total lipid. triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) content in liver were significantly different among the groups. The values were the lowest in the B group whose intake of SDF(soluble dietary fiber) was the highest 5) TC content in serum was not significantly different among the groups. TG content in serum was significantly lower in the rest groups than in the R group. HDL-c and free-c content in serum were significantly higher in the B group than in the rest groups. HDL-c/LDL-c, free-c/ester-c ratio were the highest in the B group but not significant. Above results show that the dietary fiber contained in cereals has physiological effects and they are different depending on fractions, IDF and SDF.

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Current Status and Perspectives in Varietal Improvement of Rice Cultivars for High-Quality and Value-Added Products (쌀 품질 고급화 및 고부가가치화를 위한 육종현황과 전망)

  • 최해춘
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.47
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    • pp.15-32
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    • 2002
  • The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadily continued during 1980s-1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and quality evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice cultivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm, aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer, Recently, new special rices such as extremely low-amylose dull or opaque non-glutinous endosperm mutants were developed. Also, a high-lysine rice variety was developed for higher nutritional utility. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice and the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio (in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was average to 2.63(in v/v basis). The major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the palatability of cooked rice were examined using japonica rice materials showing narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and texture of cooked rice. The glossiness or gross palatability score of cooked rice were closely associated with the peak, hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscosities with year difference. The high-quality rice variety "IIpumbyeo" showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice through image of scanning electronic microscope. Gross sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high probability of determination. The $\alpha$-amylose-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were IIpumbyeo, Chucheongyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tonsil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, showed the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogradation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked rice. The softer gel consistency and lower amylose content in milled rice revealed the higher ratio of popped rice and larger bulk density of popping. The stronger hardness of rice grain showed relatively higher ratio of popping and the more chalky or less translucent rice exhibited the lower ratio of intact popped brown rice. The potassium and magnesium contents of milled rice were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour in half and the better rice for noodle making revealed relatively less amount of solid extraction during boiling. The more volume expansion of batters for making brown rice bread resulted the better loaf formation and more springiness in rice breed. The higher protein rices produced relatively the more moist white rice bread. The springiness of rice bread was also significantly correlated with high amylose content and hard gel consistency. The completely chalky and large grain rices showed better suitability far fermentation and brewing. The glutinous rice were classified into nine different varietal groups based on various physicochemical and structural characteristics of endosperm. There was some close associations among these grain properties and large varietal difference in suitability to various traditional food processing. Our breeding efforts on improvement of rice quality for high palatability and processing utility or value-adding products in the future should focus on not only continuous enhancement of marketing and eating qualities but also the diversification in morphological, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of rice grain suitable for processing various value-added rice foods.ice foods.

Quality Characteristics of a Korean Rice Cake (Karedduk) with Mixture of Trehalose and Modified Starch by Using Response Surface Methodology (반응표면분석을 이용한 트레할로스와 변성전분 혼합사용 떡의 품질 특성)

  • Kim, Sang-Sook;Chung, Hae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2009
  • Texture and descriptive sensory characteristics of a Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with mixture of trehalose and Sun-Tender were investigated after 2, 24, and 48 hrs of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. A central composite design was used for treatment arrangement. The trehalose were added in 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% levels and Sun-Tender added in 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% levels to dry rice flour. The mixture amounts of trehalose and Sun-Tender on texture and descriptive sensory characteristics of a Korean rice cake (Karedduk) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The two independent variables selected for the RSM were amounts of trehalose ($X_1$) and amounts of Sun-Tender ($X_2$). The predicted value at stationary point or a minimum for texture hardness by RSM was found as 591.5440 after 24 hrs of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. Also the adhesiveness, hardness, cohesiveness and sweetness by sensory characteristics were significantly different as compared to the control. The results suggested that a Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with mixture of trehalose and Sun-Tender can be made from the mixture amounts of trehalose 9.5826% and Sun-Tender 0.2216% in retarding retrogradation.

Texture Properties of a Korean Rice Cake (Karedduk) with Addition of Carbohydrate Materials (당류 물질 첨가 가래떡의 텍스처 특성)

  • Kim, Sang-Sook;Chung, Hae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.9
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    • pp.1205-1210
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    • 2007
  • Texture properties of a Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with carbohydrate materials after 0, 2, 6, 24 and 30 hrs of storage at $5^{\circ}C$ were investigated using textural characteristics and sensory descriptive analysis. Carbohydrate materials such as powdered sugar, trehalose, fructooligosaccharide (95%), isomalto, healtholigo, and galactooligosaccharide (50%) were added in 0, 1, 5 and 10% levels to dry rice flour. The texture profile analysis by Texture Analyzer revealed that adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with carbohydrate materials were similar to those of the control in trends, while hardness was low compared to the control except for fructooligosaccharide (95%) 5% and healtholigo 1% addition. The hardness and sweetness by sensory characteristics were significantly different compared to the control. Instrumental hardness was correlated with sensory hardness. Lastly, the Korean rice cake (Karedduk) added with carbohydrate materials except fructooligosaccharide (95%) 5% and healtholigo 1% addition was effective in delaying retrogradation.

Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Characteristics of Diets Including Brown Rice for Miniature Poodle (Miniature Poodle에 있어서 현미 함유사료의 영양소 소화율 및 배설 분 특성)

  • Hong, Kyung-Hee;Oh, Young Kyoon;Lee, Sang-Rak;So, Kyoung-Min;Moon, Sang Ho;Park, Chang-Seok;Lee, Kyung-Won;Kim, Kyoung Hoon
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.349-354
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    • 2012
  • In this experiment, two inclusion levels (15 and 30% of diets, as-fed basis) of brown rice (BR) were tested against a control diet with 0% BR (51% wheat flour of diet). Six female Miniature Poodles (8~9 months age, initial mean body weight of 3.5 kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, acid hydrolyzed fat and gross energy increased linearly (P<0.05), and observed digestible energy and metabolizable energy values also increased linearly (P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively) with increasing BR inclusion levels. Wet and dry fecal output decreased linearly (P=0.001) with increasing BR inclusion levels in the diets. Linear (P<0.05) effects was observed in fecal score for dogs fed BR and fecal ammonia concentration increased linearly (P<0.05) in response to increasing BR inclusion level. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease in short-chain fatty acid concentration (P<0.01). This study clearly demonstrates that BR improves nutrients digestibility and fecal characteristics of dog.

Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Characteristics of Diets Including Brown Rice for Miniature Schnauzer (Miniature Schnauzer에 있어서 현미 급여와 영양소 소화율 및 배설 분 특성)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Hoon;Chang, Ju-Song;Oh, Young-Kyoon
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.5
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    • pp.429-434
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    • 2011
  • The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of brown rice (BR) on food intake, digestion, energy value, and fecal characteristics. Three replacement levels which BR replaced 0, 15 and 30% of wheat flour were tested. Six female Miniature Schnauzer (8~9 month age, initial mean body weight 5.0 ${\pm}$ 0.3 kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, acid hydrolyzed fat and gross energy except CP increased linearly (P<0.01), and observed digestible energy and metabolizable energy values also increased linearly (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) with increasing BR replacement level. Wet and dry fecal output decreased linearly (P<0.001, P=0.004) with increasing BR inclusion to the diets and BR 30% treatment reduced wet fecal output up to 21% of that of control. Quadratic (P<0.01) effects was observed in fecal score for dog fed BR and fecal ammonia concentration tended to increase linearly (P=0.07) in response to increasing BR replacement level. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease in shortchain fatty acid concentration (P=0.001). This study clearly demonstrates that BR improves nutrients digestibility and fecal characteristics of dog.