• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to select a model showing high-levels of interpretability which is high in R-squared value in terms of predicting the yield in the mixed pasture using the factors of fertilization, seeding rate and years after pasture establishment in steps, as well as the climate as a basic factor. The processes of constructing the yield prediction model for the mixed pasture were performed in the sequence of data collection (forage and climatic data), preparation, analysis, and model construction. Through this process, six models were constructed after considering climatic variables, fertilization management, seeding rates, and periods after pasture establishment years in steps, thereafter the optimum model was selected through considering the coincidence of the models to the forage production theories. As a result, Model VI (R squared = 53.8%) including climatic variables, fertilization amount, seeding rates, and periods after pasture establishment was considered as the optimum yield prediction model for mixed pastures in South Korea. The interpretability of independent variables in the model were decreased in the sequence of climatic variables(24.5%), fertilization amount(17.8%), seeding rates(10.7%), and periods after pasture establishment(0.8%). However, it is necessary to investigate the reasons of positive correlation between dry matter yield and days of summer depression (DSD) by considering cultivated locations and using other cumulative temperature related variables instead of DSD. Meanwhile the another research about the optimum levels of fertilization amounts and seeding rates is required using the quadratic term due to the certain value-centered distribution of these two variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1444-1448
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• 2006

This study was investigated for quality characteristics of Baechukimchi with ginseng during fermentation. For Baechukimchi preparation, original ingredients of Baechukimchi and high contents of ginseng were used. In the initial pH and titratable acidity of each samples, ginseng -added Kimchi showed a little higher value than pH 5.48 and 0.25% acidity of the control Kimchi. Ginseng-added Kimchi showed higher values of total microbes $(1.90\times10^6\sim2.93\times10^6)$ and lactic acid bacteria $(2.21\times10^6\sim2.62\times10^6)$ than the control Kimchi. The control Kimchi was total microbes of $1.59\times10^5$ and lactic acid bacteria of $7.60\times10^4$. According to fermentation periods, ginseng-added Kimchi showed decrease of pH and increase of titratable acidity than the control Kimchi, but it. was not different for the microbes between Kimchi samples. In the taste intensity of sensory evaluation, ginseng-added Kimchi was evaluated higher value than the control Kimchi and kept up texture, properties of initial preparation between samples during fermentation periods. In the crude saponin content, raw ginseng was 5.89% by dry basis and it was decreased to 3.74% after fermentation. And the individual ginsenosides content of Re, $Rg_1$, Rf, $Rg_2,\;Rh_1,\;Rb_1,$, Rc, $Rb_2$, Rd, $Rg_3$, but $Rg_3$ were decreased and $Rh_1$ were increased from 16.6 mg%, and 22.2 mg/% to 59.2 mg%, and 39.4 mg%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1174-1181
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• 2007

To study the immunity of the buffalo mammary gland during involution and around parturition and compare it with the mastitic mammary gland, milk samples were collected from 9 Murrah buffaloes during the above critical periods. SCC of buffalo milk increased significantly (p<0.01) by day 21 of involution and one week prepartum. SCC was significantly higher around parturition but became normal at 14 days postpartum. Phagocytic activity (PA) and phagocytic index (PI) of the buffalo milk neutrophils decreased as the duration of the dry period increased. Elevated levels of immunoglobulins at calving improved the PA and PI, but the lowest PA of 18.8% and PI of 1.75 were recorded at 7 days postpartum. Buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis had PA of 12.3% and PI of 1.46 that increased significantly (p<0.01) on the third day of treatment. Distance of teat from ground level was found to be minimum at one week before parturition. The investigation showed that in vitro phagocytic activity of buffalo neutrophils was weakest at one week postpartum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.752-757
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• 1999

Studies were made of digestion of timothy (Pheleum pretense) hay, tall fescue (Festuca elatior) hay, and rice (Oryza sativa) straw in pure cultures of rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontails MCH3. The fungus was inoculated on ground forages (1%, w/v) in an anaerobic medium and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$. Incubation was continued for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The losses of dry matter, xylose and glucose of forage during incubation were determined at the end of these incubation periods. Xylose and glucose were considered to be released from xylan and cellulose, respectively. The digested xylan to digested cellulose (X/C) ratios of the substrate were calculated. Xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase) of culture supernatant and residual substrate was measured at the same time. The X/C ratios in the cultures on timothy hay and rice straw were greater than 0.5 in the first 24-h incubation period. The values were smaller than 0.3 in tall fesque. The ratio of xylanase activity to that of CMCase in the first 24-h incubation period correlated well with the traits in X/C ratio. However xylanase activity was still superior to CMCase in the following incubation period (48 to 96 h), although the glucose (designated as cellulose) was more intensively digested than xylose (designated as xylan). The production of these polysaccharidases appeared to correlate with substrate cell-wall sugar composition, xylose to glucose ratios, at the beginning of fast growing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.695-698
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• 1992

Three Japanese Corriedale wethers were used in a $3{\times}3$ latin square design to determine the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on the eating and rumination behavior in sheep fed rice straw as a basal diet. Soybean meal was supplemented at three levels of 0 (control), 75 g and 150 g/day. Soybean meal supplementation had no significant effect on the daily time spent eating and rumination, whereas the rate of eating of rice straw was significantly faster (p<0.05) in sheep fed SBM-supplemented diets than in sheep fed control diet. However, when expressed per 100 g of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake, daily rumination time of sheep fed 75 and 150 g of SBM-supplemented diets was greatly reduced (p<0.01). The length of each rumination period, daily number of rumination periods and number of boli regurgitated were about constant for all SBM levels. Cyclic rate (rumination time per daily number of boli regurgitated) and rumination index (rumination time per 100 g of dry matter eaten) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by SBM supplementation. The number of chews per bolus was not affected, whereas the bolus time reduced (p<0.05) and the rate of chewing during rumination was increased (p<0.05) by SBM supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-221
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• 1995

Data on productive and reporductive performance of native cows maintained at Savar Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS), Savar, Dhaka, were collected from the periods of 1980-1988. The mean calving to first breeding during the second parity was longer (p < 0.01) than the fourth and fifth parities (152 vs 105 and 96 days respectively). There was no difference on the parameters like first breeding to conception, service period, gestation length, number of services per conception and total milk yield over the parities. The mean calving interval during the second parity was longer (p < 0.05) than the fourth and fifth parities. The mean lactation length during the first parity was longer (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (317 vs 237, 266, 250 and 247 days respectively). The mean per day milk yield during the first lactation was lower (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (1.88 vs 2.55, 2.75, 2.54 and 2.57 kg respectively). The mean dry period was longer in first lactation (p < 0.05) compared to third and fifth lactations (209 vs 141 and 129 days respectively).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2013

The effects of dietary Coptis chinensis herb extract (CHE) on growth performance, blood characteristics, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in an 18-wk feeding trial. A total of 36 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire-Duroc pigs with an initial body weight of $20{\pm}1.0$ kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and other treatment diets were supplemented with 0.5, or 1 g CHE/kg, respectively. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from those pigs that had reached the market BW. During the experimental periods, growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen were unaffected (p>0.05) by the dietary supplementation of CHE. Plasma erythrocytes counts were increased (Linearly, p<0.05) in response to application of CHE at the end of the experiment. Moreover, pigs fed the CHE diets had better (p<0.05) meat color, pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CHE could increase blood erythrocytes counts and improve meat quality in growing-finishing pigs but not improve growth performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1976

This Study was carried out to investigate the course of air-drying and drying defects of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and Italian poplar (Populus eurameriana I-476) boards 1,2 and 3cm thick in the flat pile. The results are as follows. 1. Air-drying curves for red pine and Italian poplar boards were same as figure 1 and 2. These moisture contents were lower in July and August during seasoning periods. 2. Air drying time of red pine board required to dry 15 percent moisture content in one week for 1 cm board, five weeks for 2 cm board and six weeks for 3cm board respectively. In case of Italian poplar boards, in one week for 1 cm board, four weeks for 2 cm and five weeks for 3 cm board. The thickness of board influenced the time for air drying. 3. Drying defects such as checking, warping and staining happened badly in pine than in Italian poplar boards. Especially, checking was severe in thicker board and warping in thinner board.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.164-167
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• 2017

Biological efficiency (BE), the ratio of fresh mushrooms harvested per dry substrate weight, expressed as the percentage of Lentinula edodes, also known as shiitake, was determined using the 'Sanjo 701' strain stored in the Department of Mushroom at the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries. The mycelia were grown in glass columns with varying levels of moisture content and varying mixing periods of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours. The substrate was sterilized using a steam pressure autoclave sterilizer at normal and high pressure to avoid contamination. The results showed that mycelial growth (126 mm/15 days) was optimized at 55% moisture content. The best mycelial growth of 117 mm/15 days was obtained with 2 hours of mixing time. Normal pressure sterilization yielded better results with mycelial growth of 96 mm/15 days at $100^{\circ}C$ compared to 88 mm /15 days with sterilization at $121^{\circ}C$. Mycelial density was higher, i.e. 3(+++), with normal pressure sterilization compared to 2(++) with high pressure sterilization. Furthermore, sawdust mixed with 5% woodchips increased the substrate porosity and yielded higher mycelial growth. Thus, we demonstrated that the optimum harvest or potential increased yield of shiitake can be obtained by modulating moisture content, mixing time, and substrate porosity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.690-694
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• 2006

There is limited information on the relationship between defoliation and root and rhizome development of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.). To determine the effects of defoliation severity on root and rhizome growth of young kura clover plant (seedling about 8 wk old), this research was conducted in 2002 (Experiment 1) and 2003 (Experiment 2) in a glasshouse at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Four kura clover entries were used in this experiment: two were started from seed materials (ARS-2678 and 'Rhizo') and two were clones from mature, field-grown Rhizo kura clover plant. Three defoliation frequencies (2-, 4- and 6-wk intervals) and two defoliation intensities (complete and partial defoliation) were imposed on each of the four kura clover entries. Root, rhizome, and leaf dry matter (DM) generally increased with less frequent defoliation, however, the increase in rhizome DM was not significant between 4- or 6-wk defoliation periods. The root and leaf DM under complete defoliation (CD) were significantly lower than under partial defoliation (PD). In Exp. 1, rhizome DM was not significantly different between CD and PD; it was significantly lower under CD in Exp. 2. ARS-2678 showed excellent root development characteristics, however, its rhizome DM was significantly lower than Rhizo clones. The rhizome development from Rhizo clones was greater than that from seed materials. If maximum root and rhizome growth are expected from young kura clover plant, the intensity and frequency of defoliation should be minimized or defoliation should be avoided.