• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 1997

In this study, the optimum cutting 6equency and level of mineral nitrogen fertilization were investigated for the production of Reed canarygrass in uncultivated rice paddy. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Higher relative dry matter yields were recorded in 2nd cut of plots with 3 and 5 cutting frequencies, and 3rd cut of plot with 4 cutting kquency, respectively. 2. With no nitrogen fertilization, mean dry matter yields per year were 6.2~7.6 tonsha and the highest yield appeared in plot with 4 cutting 6equency. 3. The increased fertilization of mineral nitrogen resulted in the increased dry matter yield. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no nitrogen fertilization were recorded in fertilization of 90 kg nitrogen per year in 3 cutting fequency, 240 kg in 4 cutting frequency and 150 kg in 5 cutting 6equency respectively. 4. Efficiency of dry matter production with nitrogen fertilization(kg DMkg N) was higher in 30kg Nhalcut in 3 and 5 cutting eequency, 60kg Nhalcut in 4 cutting 6equency respectively. In each cutting kequency, the higher efficiency of dry matter production appeared in 1st cut in 3 cutting kequency, and 2nd cut in 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively. 5. Economic N level(kg/ha) was 179.5~242.3kg/ha in 3 cutting 6equency, and 189.6-241.6kg/ha and 167.0 ~253.2kg/ha in 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively, and marginal dry matter yields were 11.4~ 12.3 tons/ ha, 11.2 ~ 11.8 tons/ha and 8.3 ~9.1 tons/ha in 3, 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively. 6. The limiting N fertilization level to the highest dry matter were estimated to be 569.9kg/ha, 492.4kg/ha and 654.lkg/ha in 3, 4 and 5 cutting kequency respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) in 3 and 4 cuttings per annum on the dry matter yields and nutritive value of orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.). Annual nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ton $㏊^{respectively}$ . Relative yields of each cut to annual dry matter yield were 29.9%, 46.% and 23.2% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in 3 cutting system, 23.7%, 29.3%, 34.0% and 13.0% for 1st cut, 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 4th cut in 4 cutting system, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were 8.11 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 40 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 cutting systems, ranges of 7.50~10.71 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 10~80 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 4 cutting systems than those of non application level of NSC, respectively(p〈0.05). The mean efficiency of dry matter production to application of NSC(kg DM/ton NSC) were 46 and 102 kg in 3 and 4 cutting systems, respectively. Although th contents of crude protein(CP, %) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application levels of 10~80 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ -1/ by NSC than those of the application levels at the 0 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 and 4 cutting systems(p〈0.05), the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF, %) and acid detergent fiber(ADF, %) were lower in NSC plots than those at the non-application plots of NSC. The contents of total digestible nutrient(TDN, %) and relative feed value(RFV) of orchardgrass were significantly increased with increase the applicaton levels of NSC(p〈0.05).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2003

This study was intended to investigate the temporal and spatial variabilities of dry matter, nitrogen content, chlorophyll of paddy rice and yield caused by different rates of nitrogen application. An experimental field was divided into 45 plots of 3.48 ${\times}$ 12 m in size and application rate of nitrogen varied from 0 to 235% with an increment of 25% based on the standard rate of N-P$_2$O$_{5}$-K$_2$O=12-8-8 kg/10a. The measurements were made 8 times every 9-10 days after the transplanting. About 60 days after the transplanting, there exhibited little variabilities in the dry matter caused by different rates of nitrogen application. After that. however, there showed large variabilities and the dry matter increased with the application rate. The nitrogen content of paddy also increased with the application rate but it was inconsistent. After the tillering period, the nitrogen content remained constant. In the early stage of the tillering period the nitrogen content decreased in spite of increase in the dry matter. However. after a certain period of time it increased with the dry matter. There were little variabilities of chlorophyll after the transplanting. However, the SPAD increased with application rate of nitrogen as the paddy grew. After the tillering period SPAD was not affected by the different rates. More yield was obtained at the plots where larger nitrogen content was measured.d.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The effects of different fertilizer management on herbage production and botanical composition were determined. Field experiments were conducted during 1991 - 1993 on sandy loam soil at Allgiu south western Germany under variabling fertilizer management; cattle slurry, NPK, PK chemical fertilizer management and zero fertilization. The dry matter yield of forage was the highest in the plot of mineral fertilizer and lowest in the plot of without fertilization. The dry matter yield of P-K application was higher by 1.2 ton than that of without fertilization. The content of crude protein, crude fibre, digestible dry matter yield, net energy and nitrogen content of plants was not significantly different among different fertilizer management. N uptake of plants was in the order NPK chemical fertilizer (347kg N/ha) > cattle slurry (337kg N/ha) > P-K chemical fertilizer (325kg N/ha) > without fertilization (3 15kg N/ha).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of legume reseeding on legume establishment, dry matter yield, quality and botanical composition of grasses in timothy(Ph1eum prarense L.) dominated pasture at alpine area. Establishment number and percentage of legume in timothy dominated pasture were increased with spring, red clover(Tr$olium pratense L.) and gramoxone $treatment Dry matter yield of pasture was increased with fall and grazing after overseeding, but, there waq no difference in legume species. Crude protein content(%) of grasses at the first cutting was increased with red clover and paraquat (gramoxone) treatment. Based on the results, it is suggested that spring in seeding time, red clover in legume species and oveneeding after gramoxone treatment are good for effective renovation of timothy dominated pasture at alpine area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1997

The objective of this experiment was to suggest the optimum nitrogen fertilization level for orchardgrass(0G)- red clover(RC) mixtures. The field trials were conducted from 1993 to 1994 in order to evaluate the dry matter yield, botanical composition, chemical composition, dry matter digestibility(DMD), crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter(DDM) yields on the nitrogen levels( 0, 50, 100, 150 and 300kgha). The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. With increasing nitrogen levels, the DM yield of OG-RC mixttures significantly increased(P<0.05). The maximum total DM yield (7,964kgha) was obtained at N 300kgha level, However, there was no significant difference between N 150 and 300kgha. 2. With increasing the nitrogen levels, the botanical composition of OG in OG-RC mixttures was significantly increased(P< 0.05), whereas that of RC was remarkably decreased(P< 0.05). 3. The CP content was decreased by increasing nitrogen level(P

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.272-275
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• 2000

Winter green manure crops including legume increase grain yield of subsequent crop and substitute N fertilizer requirement with organic-No Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can provide N-rich green manure for corn with its soil incorporation after wintering. But, grain yield of corn as succeeding crop would be reduced if its planting time is delayed until late spring. This experiment was carried out to find the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch green manure and planting time of subsequent corn in cropping system with winter hairy vetch(green manure)-summer corn. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil at a ten-day interval between April 10 and May 10 and corn was planted at 5 days after each hairy vetch incorporation. Soil nitrate concentration on April 10 and 20 in hairy vetch plot was slightly lower than that at winter fallow. Above-ground dry matter and organic-N of hairy vetch increased linearly with delayed hairy vetch incorporation time from April 10 to May 10. Average dry matter and organic-N produced by hairy vetch were 5.7 ton/ha and 248 kgN/ha, respectively. Corn growth and yield decreased as delayed corn planting time after May in spite of increasing dry matter and N-yield of hairy vetch. Nitrogen concentration of corn grain, stalk and whole plant at harvest were the highest in May 5 planting, but total N-uptake of May 5 planting were not different from that of April 25 planting because of lower grain yield. It was concluded that the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch and corn planting time were April 20 and April 25, respectively, because grain yield was the highest and corn could use hairy vetch-N effectively to produce dry matter.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of grazing and cutting system in the seven different seed mixture plots on the dry matter yield and botanical composition from October 1983 to November 1986 at 200m above the sea level in Cheju. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yield was increased more cutting system than that of grazing system during the first and second harvest year (P<0.01), but at the third harvest year grazed plot was increased (P<0.05). 2. Three-year average dry matter yield tended to be relatively higher with tall fescue mixture plots (T4 and T7) than without tall fescue mixture plots. 3. In botanical composition of the seed mixtures, orchardgrass was observed to be more dominate in cutting system, while perennial ryegrass was increased in grazed plots. 4. Tall fescue was dominated about 70-80% at the third harvest year, in the plot of both grazing and cutting system. 5. The percentage of ladino clover was slightly increased in grazed plot compared with cutting plots. However those of alfalfa and red clover were not influenced by grazing and cutting system.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass grown in different cutting frequency, was was cernpared for the efficiency of N utilization. Annual rates of mineral N and cattle slurry N of 0 (control), 90kg, 180kg, 270kg and 360kg/ha in 3 cuttings, 0, 120kg, 240kg, 360kg and 480kg/ha in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150kg, 300kg, 450kg and 600kg/ha were applied as urea and cattle slurry in 5 cuttings, respectively. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The annual dry matter yields were increased with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry. The annual dry matter yields of mineral N obtained were 14.4 ton/ha(ranged from 10.46 ton to 16.91 ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 13.88 ton/ha(ranged from 9.91 ton to 16.53 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 15.98 ton/ha(ranged from 12.0 ton to 18.25 ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. The annual dry matter yields of cattle slurry obtained were 12.14ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 ton to 11.79ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 10.81ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 to 11.79 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 12.98ton/ha(ranged from 10.68 ton to 14.85ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. 2. Relative dry matter yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 84.3%, 77.9% and 81.2% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) tended to decrease with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry, and higher cutting frequencies. Average increase in dry matter production obtained were higher values at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in both of mineral N and cattle slurry. Average increase in dry matter production to mineral N were 23.9kg, 18.8kg and 15.2kgin 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to mineral N obtained were 0.46kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 3 cuttings, and 0.45kg and 0.40kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 4 and 5 cuttings. 5. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) to cattle slurry obtained were 13.7kg and 19.5kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 3 and 4 cuttings, and 9.7kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 5 cuttings. 6. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to cattle slurry was not concern to the rates of application. Average increase in total nitrogen yield to cattle slurry obtained were 0.11kg, 0.20kg and 0.21kg in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 7. Relative average increase in dry matter production of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 33.1%, 52.1% and 50.0% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. Relative average increase in total nitrogen yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 28.9%, 51.3% and 55.3% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tall type mixtures and turf type mixtures on dry matter yield, botanical composition and quality. The experimental design includes two mixture types : Tall type mixtures; orchardgrass (Potomac) 50+tall fescue (Fawn) 20+ Kentucky bluegrass (Kenblue) 10+red clover (Kenland) 20%) and turf type mixtures; Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 60%+tall fescue (reboil Jr.) 20+perennial ryegrass (palmer II) 20%. The DM yield was higher obtained in tall type mixture than that of turf type mixture (p<0.05). In the chemical composition, Turf type mixture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin than those of tall type mixture (p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in tall type mixture than turf type mixture (p<0.05). In this experiment, nutritive value of turf type mixture was higher than that of tall type mixture, but CPDM and DDM yield of turf type mixture were lower than that of turf type mixture due to low dry matter yield. On the other hand, turf type mixture was obtained high feed value, and maintaining the various botanical composition on the 13 th cutting frequency condition. therefore, turf type mixture had a utilization possibility under grazing livestock as sheep and milk goats.