• 제목/요약/키워드: Dry Matter Ratio

검색결과 744건 처리시간 0.031초

Effect of dietary phytase supplementation with different calcium/phosphorus ratio and net energy reduction on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs

  • Yanjiao Li;Qianqian Zhang;In Ho Kim
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.639-646
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    • 2022
  • The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Buttiauxella-derived phytase in finishing pigs fed corn/soybean meal diets with an increase in the calcium (Ca)/total phosphorus (P) (Ca/tP) ratio and a reduction in net energy on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility on the finishing pigs. A total of 90 crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) finishing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 56.94 ± 2.43 kg were used for an 11-week feeding trial. The pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replication/treatment and five pigs/pen) in a randomized complete block design according to their BW and gender. Dietary treatments consisted of supplementation of phytase (0.05, 0.07, and 0.1% in the control, Trt1 and Trt 2 diets, respectively) maintaining the Ca/tP ratio (1.67 : 1, 1.84 : 1, and 2.19 : 1 in control, Trt1 and Trt 2 diets, respectively) and reducing the net energy by 1% in Trt1 and Trt2 diets compared with the control diet. The results showed that dietary supplementation with phytase in the energy-reduced diet had a similar (p > 0.05) effect on the BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain/feed ratio of the finishing pigs. Also, there were no effects (p > 0.05) of treatment matrixes on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy. In conclusion, the increase of phytase and Ca/tP ratio and the reduction of net energy in the corn/soybean meal diet resulted in comparable growth performance and nutrient digestibility of finishing pigs relative to pigs fed the control diet.

새만금간척지에서 거대억새 투입 후 분해 특성 및 감자 재배를 위한 적정 질소시비수준 평가 (Using Eeclaimed Land for Potato Cultivation in Saemangeum, South Korea: Determining the Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization Rate with the Giant Miscanthus used as a Source of Soil Organic Matter)

  • 오양열;정강호;이수환;이광승;서보성;김길용
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.911-922
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    • 2022
  • To restore reclaimed land, it needs to be supplemented with organic matter; this is especially true for Korea, where organic matter constitutes only one-tenth of conventional agricultural soils. The giant Miscanthus, a perennial grass known for its extensive biomass, shows signs of being an excellent source of organic matter for restoring reclaimed land. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the feasibility of using the giant miscanthus as an organic resource within the context of re-using reclaimed land for agricultural purposes (i.e., potato cultivation), and (ii) determine the optimum fertilization rate for the potatoes while the giant miscanthus is being used as an organic resource. Our results show that after 180 days, giant miscanthus lost 23-47% of its original dry weight, with the extent of the loss dependent on soil salinity. Nutrient concentrations (Mg2+, Na+) continued to increase until the end of the study period. In contrast, potassium (K+) and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decreased until the end of the study period. Specifically, after 180 days, low salinity topsoil treatments had the lowest C/N ratio. In the first year, 150 % of standard N rates were required for the potatoes to achieve maximum productivity; however in the 2nd year, standard rates were sufficient to achieve maximum productivity. Overall, this implies that even though the application of giant miscanthus did eventually improve soil quality, increasing crop yields, N fertilization is still necessary for the best outcomes.

The Effect of Soil Textures on the Flowering characteristics and Green Manure Yield of Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) in Upland Soil

  • Cho, Hyeon-Suk;Seo, Myung-Chul;Park, Tea-Sun;Kim, Jun-Hwan;Sang, Wan-gyu;Shin, Pyeong;Lee, Geon Hwi
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.705-711
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    • 2016
  • Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

콩의 엽-협 비율 조절에 따른 탄소와 질소의 전류 (Carbon-Nitrogen Transport in Response to Control of Leaf-Pod Ratio in Soybean)

  • 성락춘;강병화;박세준
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.594-601
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    • 1994
  • 콩의 생식생장기인 착협시(R3)에 상부 50%와 하부 50%로 구분하여 엽제거 및 엽-협제거처리 하여 줄기, 엽 및 종실건물중과 가용성 당, 전분 및 단백질함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1990년과 1991년에 고려대학교 자연자원대학 덕소 농장에 팔달콩, 백운콩 및 단엽콩을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 팔달콩, 백운콩 및 단엽콩 모두 건물축적과 가용성 당, 전분 및 단백질함량에 처리간 같은 경향을 보였다. 2. 평균 줄기건물중은 상엽-하협제거와 하엽-상협제거로 높았고 상엽제거와 하엽제거는 낮았다. 3. 엽건물중은 처리중에서 상부엽이 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 4. 종실수와 종실건물중은 엽 및 엽-협제거로 감소되었으나 하엽제거와 하엽-상협제거의 하부에서 높았다. 5. 가용성 당과 전분함량도 처리중에서 하부종실에서 높은 경향이었다. 6. 단백질함량은 상엽제거의 상부와 하엽제거의 하부에 감소되었으나 하엽제거의 상부종실에서 가장 높았다.

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흑조위축병이 심한 지역에서 옥수수와 수수 품종의 사료생산성 (Forage Protivity of Corn and Sorghum Hybrids in Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Prevalent Area)

  • 이석순;최상집
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 1990
  • 옥수수 흑조위축변이 심한 변화 경산에서 나병정도가 다른 7개 옥수수 품종(수원 19호, 진주옥, 수원 99호, Pioneer(P) 3160, P 3233, P3282, P3352)과 3개 수수 품종(P 931, P 947, P956)을 흑조위축병 발생이 심하지않은 4월 23일과 흑조위축병 발생이 심한 5월 20일에 파종하여 이들의 사일리지수량과 사료가치를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.옥수수는 수수보다 입채율이 높았고, 간장은 수수가 옥수수보다 컸으며 같은 직물내에서 품종간에 간장이 달랐다. 옥수수는 4월 23일 파종에서 간장이 5월 20일 파종보다 더 컸으나 수수는 파종기간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 옥수수의 흑조위축병 나병율은 4월 23일 파종에서보다 5월 20일 파종이 높았다. 품종간에는 수원 19호가 나병율이 가장 높았고, 수원 99호가 가장 낮았으며, 수수는 흑조위축병에 나병되지 않았다. 3. 옥수수의 이삭착 생주율과 옥수수와 수수의 전직물체중 이삭이 차지하는 비율은 4월 23일 파종이 5월 20일 파종에서 보다 높았다. 품종간에는 흑조위축병 나병이 심한 수원 19호의 이삭발율이 가장 나빴으며 수수 품종 중 P931은 임실율이 극히 낮았다. 4. 사일리지 건물수량은 4월 23일 파종이 5월 20일 파종에서 보다 많았으며 수수가 옥수수보다 수량이 많았다. 옥수수 품종간에는 흑조위축병 나병율이 높았던 수원 19호와 진주옥이 수량이 적었으며 나머지 품종간에는 차이가없었다. 수수 품종간에는 두 파종기 모두 P931이 가장 많았고, P 947과 P 956은 차이가 없었다. 5. 조사자질 함량은 파종기, 작물, 품종간에 큰 차이가 없었으나 수수 P931이 다른 품종보다 낮았다. 조지방은 옥수수는 4월 23일 파종이 5월 20일 파종에서 보다 낮았으나 옥수수가수수보다 높았고 각 작물의 품종간에도 차이가 있었다. 조직유는 파종기간에 차이가 없었으나 옥수수보다는 수수가 더 많았고, 옥수수 품종간에는 차이가 없었으나 수수품종간에는 차이가 있었다. 가용무실소물은 파종기간에는 차이가 없었으나 옥수수가 수수보다 많았으며 품종간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 6. In vitro 건물소화율은 5월 20일 파종이 4월 23일 파종에서 보다 높았으며 옥수수가 수수보다 높았다. 옥수수 품종간에는 P3282가 양 파종기 모두 가장 낮았으며 다른 품종들은 큰 차이가 없었다. 7. 가소화 건물수량은 4월 23일 파종이 5월 20일 파종에서 보다 많았으며, 작물간에는 수수가 옥수수보다 사일리지 수량은 높았으나 소화율이 낮아 가소화 건물수량은 차이가 없었다. 4월 23일 파종에서는 모든 옥수수와 수수 품종간에 가소화 건물수량의 차이가 없었으나 5월 20일 파종에서는 흑조위축병이 심했던 수원 19호와 진주옥이 다른 옥수수와 수수 품종보다 낮았다.

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중부지역 부실 산지초지에서 국내육성 신품종 목초 이용 혼파조합이 식생구성 및 건물생산성에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Grass Seed Mixtures using Domestic Cultivars on Botanical Composition and Dry Matter Productivity in Low Productive Hilly Pasture, Central Region of Korea)

  • 정종성;김종근;김현섭;박형수;최기춘;이상훈;지희정;최기준;김원호
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 부실 산지초지에서 국내육성 품종을 이용한 혼파조합이 초지의 연차별 식생 및 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고 중부지역 산지초지 갱신에 적합한 혼파조합을 선발하고자 2013년 8월부터 2016년 11월까지 서산시 농협중앙회 한우개량사업소의 경사초지에서 수행되었다. 대상지는 pH가 산성이었고 유기물의 함량은 높았으며, 애기수영 및 고사리 등이 일부 우점되어 있는 중급정도의 초지였다. 초기생육은 전체적으로 고르게 출현되었고 월동 후 초장은 5~6cm, 분얼은 3~5개 정도로 양호하였지만 목초 식생비율이 66~75%로 악성잡초로 인하여 목초 정착이 불량한 부분이 발견되었다. 초지식생변화를 살펴보면 대조구는 목초 및 잡초의 식생비율변화 폭이 크지 않았으며 여름철 잡초의 비율이 상대적으로 높아지는 경향을 보였다. Tall fescue 위주 혼파조합을 부실초지에 보파한 결과 목초 비율이 80%정도까지 증가하여 대조구 대비 우수한 식생을 보였다. 조성 초기에는 orchardgrass비율이 높았지만 3년차(2016) 부터는 tall fescue비율이 증가하였고 상대적으로 orchardgrass의 비율이 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. Orchardgrass 'Kordione'과 Orchardgrass 'Onnuri'위주 혼파조합은 유사한 식생비율 변화를 보였으며 부실초지에 보파한 결과 목초 비율이 80%정도까지 증가하여 우수한 식생을 보였고 봄철에 비율이 가장 높게 나타났고 연차가 지속될수록 하번초인 Kentucky bluegrass의 비율이 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수량성에서 tall fescue(Greenmaster)위주 혼파조합은 3년차에서 tall fescue가 안정적으로 정착하면서 대조구 및 orchardgrass(Kordione, Onnuri)위주 혼파조합 보다 잡초침입 없이 상대적으로 높은 수량을 보였다. 연차별로 보면 2년차에서 대조구를 제외한 모든 시험구에서 수량이 가장 높았으며 3년차 때 대조구와 tall fescue위주 혼파조합은 변화가 크지 않았지만 orchardgrass위주 혼파조합의 수량은 크게 감소하였다. 본 연구를 종합해보면 중부지역에서 부실초지를 갱신하기 위한 가장 좋은 혼파조합은 tall fescue(Greenmaster)위주 혼파조합이었지만 orchardgrass(Kordione, Onnuri)위주 혼파조합의 경우 조성 후 2년차가 넘어가면서 수량감소가 나타나기 때문에 2년차 때 목초를 보파해준다면 우수한 식생을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Effects of Linseed Oil or Whole Linseed Supplementation on Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Lactating Dairy Cows

  • Suksombat, Wisitiporn;Thanh, Lam Phuoc;Meeprom, Chayapol;Mirattanaphrai, Rattakorn
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권7호
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    • pp.951-959
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effects of linseed oil or whole linseed supplementation on performance and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. Thirty six Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating dairy cows were blocked by milking days first and then stratified random balanced for milk yields and body weight into three groups of 12 cows each. The treatments consisted of basal ration (53:47; forage:concentrate ratio, on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively) supplemented with 300 g/d of palm oil as a positive control diet (PO), or supplemented with 300 g/d of linseed oil (LSO), or supplemented with 688 g/d of top-dressed whole linseed (WLS). All cows were received ad libitum grass silage and individually fed according to the treatments. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks including the first 2 weeks as the adjustment period, followed by 8 weeks of measurement period. The results showed that LSO and WLS supplementation had no effects on total dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and live weight change; however, the animals fed WLS had higher crude protein (CP) intake than those fed PO and LSO (p<0.05). To compare with the control diet, dairy cow's diets supplemented with LSO and WLS significantly increased milk concentrations of cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (p<0.05) and n-3 fatty acids (FA) (p<0.01), particularly, cis-9,12,15-C18:3, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Supplementing LSO and WLS induced a reduction of medium chain FA, especially, C12:0-C16:0 FA (p<0.05) while increasing the concentration of milk unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (p<0.05). Milk FA proportions of n-3 FA remarkably increased whereas the ratio of n-6 to n-3 decreased in the cows supplemented with WLS as compared with those fed the control diet and LSO (p<0.01). In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows' diet based on grass silage with WLS had no effect on milk yield and milk composition; however, trans-9-C18:1, cis-9,trans-11-CLA, n-3 FA and UFA were increased while saturated FA were decreased by WLS supplementation. Therefore, it is recommended that the addition 300 g/d of oil from whole linseed should be used to lactating dairy cows' diets.

콩군낙(群落)의 열수지특성(熱收支特性)과 건물(乾物)로의 물이용효율(利用效率) (Heat Balance Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Community)

  • 이양수;임정남
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.94-99
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    • 1990
  • 콩군낙(群落)(팔달(八達)콩 ; 재식밀도(栽植密度) $45{\times}10cm$)에서의 열수지성분(熱收支成分) 변화(變化)를 계절별(季節別)로 관측(觀測)하고 열수지법(熱收支法)으로 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 계산(計算)하여 건물생산량(乾物生産量)과의 관계(關係)를 구한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 맑은날의 전단파복사량(全短波輻射量)에 대한 순복사량(純輻射量)의 비율(比率)은 59~76%로 흐린날의 63~83%보다 낮았다. 2. 순복사량(純輻射量)에 대한 잠열전달량(潛熱傳達量)의 비율(比率)은 흐린날에 100%를 넘는 경우가 있어 때때로 이류(移流)에 의한 열복사(熱輻射)의 수평전도(水平傳導)가 있었다. 3. 1시간(時間)마다 적산(積算)한 일적산순복사량(日積算純輻射量)(Rn)과 증발잠열(蒸發潛熱)($LE_{(+)}$) 및 화간순복사량(畵間純輻射量)($Rn_{(+)}$)과 증발잠열(蒸發潛熱)과의 관계(關係)는 각각(各各) 다음과 같은 직선관계(直線關係)가 성립(成立)하였다. $$LE_{(+)}=0.971\;Rn+1.122\;R^2=0.9017$$ $$LE_{(+)}=0.882\;Rn_{(+)}+1.945\;R^2=0.8836$$ 4. 열수지계산(熱收支計算)에 의한 군낙증발산량(群落蒸發散量)(ETa)과 대형(大型) pan 증발량(蒸發量)(Epan)과의 관계(關係)는 다음과 같았다. ETa = 1.049 Epan + 1.657 $$R^2=0.6589$$ 5. 생육초기(生育初期)를 제외(除外)한 생육기간중(生育期間中) 건물(乾物)로의 물이용효율(利用效率)은 $2.31g{\cdot}DM{\cdot}kg^{-1}\;H_2O$이었으며, 평균일증발산량(平均日蒸發散量)은 5.29mm, 일사량중(日射量中) 군낙(群落)의 증발산(蒸發散)으로 소비(消費)된 열량(熱量)의 비율(比率)은 85%이었다.

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Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and blood metabolites of lambs fed diets supplemented with probiotics during pre- and post-weaning period

  • Saleem, A.M.;Zanouny, A.I.;Singer, A.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.523-530
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    • 2017
  • Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects on growth performance, digestibility, and blood metabolites of lambs during pre- and post-weaning period of inclusion of a commercial probiotic (PRO) containing a mixture of two strains of Pediococcus, Pediococcus acidilactici ($1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming unit [cfu]/g) and Pediococcus pentosaceus ($1.3{\times}10^6cfu/g$), with dextrose as the carrier compound compared to a diet based on concentrate mixture and wheat straw. Methods: In exp. 1, 24 male lambs of about $15{\pm}2.6$ d age and initial body weight (BW) of $5.52{\pm}0.6kg$ were randomly allocated into three groups. One group received control diet without additives, and remainders received control diet supplemented with 0.5 or 1 g PRO/lamb/d. Daily feed intake and biweekly BW were recorded. In exp. 2, five lambs, (initial $BW=29.72{\pm}1.15kg$, $age=6.54{\pm}0.32mo$) were used as experimental animals in a digestion trial. They were fed the same diets as in Exp. 1. Results: The supplementation of PRO did not result in any significant differences in milk intake, average daily gain (ADG), or total gain between treatments during the pre-weaning period. Total dry matter intake tended to be greater (p = 0.07) with addition of PRO in the post-weaning diets. During post-weaning phase, the final BW, ADG, total gain, and feed conversion ratio of the lambs receiving PRO treatments tended to be greater ($p{\leq}0.10$) than the control group. Addition of PRO in post-weaning diet decreased ($p{\leq}0.01$) blood urea and cholesterol concentrations. With the exception of ether extract digestibility, all nutrients digestibility were improved with inclusion PRO in the post-weaning diets. Conclusion: Lambs that received PRO in post-weaning diet appeared to show a better performance than lambs in pre-weaning period. Addition of the probiotic in the post-weaning diet trended towards improved dry matter intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and nutrients digestibility.

Effects of Different Cutting Height on Nutritional Quality of Whole Crop Barley Silage and Feed Value on Hanwoo Heifers

  • Kim, Dong Hyeon;Amanullah, Sardar M.;Lee, Hyuk Jun;Joo, Young Ho;Han, Ouk Kyu;Adesogan, Adegbola T.;Kim, Sam Churl
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권9호
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    • pp.1265-1272
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    • 2016
  • The present study evaluated the effects of different cutting height on nutritive value, fermentation quality, in vitro and in vivo digestibility of whole crop barley silage. Whole crop barley forage (Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at height of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the ground level. Each cutting height was rolled to make round bale and ensiled for 100 days. After 100 days of ensiling, pH of silage was lower (p<0.05) in 5 cm, but no difference between 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. The content of lactate and lactate to acetate ratio were increased (p<0.05) in 5 cm of cutting height, whereas the acetate content was higher (p<0.05) in 10 and 15 cm than that of 5 cm cutting height. Aerobic stability was greater (p<0.05) in silages of 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were formulated with silages from the three different cutting heights (TMR5, TMR10, and TMR15) incorporated as forage at 70:30 ratio with concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR5 and TMR10 than that in TMR15, whereas in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR10 and TMR15 than that in TMR5. Concentration of $NH_3-N$ was highest (p<0.05) in the TMR10 followed by TMR15 and TMR5. Total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.05) with increased cutting height. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber were highest (p<0.05) in TMR15, than those in TMR5 and TMR10, whereas acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in TMR5 than that in TMR10. The results showed that increasing cutting height, at least up to 10 to 15 cm, of whole crop barley forage at harvest (Yuyeon) may be beneficial for making silage for TMR formulation and increasing digestibility of DM and NDF.