• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dry Air

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Effects of Ozone and Soil Salinity, Singly and in Combination, on Growth, Yield and Leaf Gas Exchange Rates of Two Bangladeshi Wheat Cultivars

  • Kamal, Mohammed Zia Uddin;Yamaguchi, Masahiro;Azuchi, Fumika;Kinose, Yoshiyuki;Wada, Yoshiharu;Funada, Ryo;Izuta, Takeshi
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.173-186
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    • 2015
  • In Bangladesh, increases in the tropospheric ozone ($O_3$) concentration and in soil salinization may lead to crop damage. To clarify the effects of $O_3$ and/or soil salinity on Bangladeshi wheat cultivars, BAW1059 (salt-tolerant) and Shatabdi (salt-sensitive) were exposed to 70-day treatments with $O_3$ (charcoal-filtered air (CF), $1.0{\times}O_3$, and $1.5{\times}O_3$) and different levels of soil salinity (0, 4, and $8dS\;m^{-1}$). In both cultivars, the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield were significantly reduced by exposure to $O_3$. Increased soil salinity caused significant reductions in whole-plant growth and yield in Shatabdi, but the reductions were negligible in BAW1059. No significant interactions between $O_3$ and salinity were detected for growth, yield, and leaf gas exchange parameters in both cultivars. We concluded that the effects of $O_3$ are not ameliorated by soil salinity in two Bangladeshi wheat cultivars, regardless of their salinity tolerance.

Redox Behavior of Chromium Oxide-Zirconia Catalyst (산화크롬-질코니아 촉매의 산화-환원거동)

  • Sohn, Jong-Rack;Ryu, Sam-Gon
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.663-669
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    • 1992
  • Chromium oxide/zirconia catalysts were prepared by dry impregnation of $Zr(OH)_4$ powder with aqueous solution of $(NH_4)_2CrO_4$ followed by calcining in air. The redox behavior of prepared catalysts were investigated by reacting cumene as test material over catalysts. As a result it was found that $Cr^{6+}$ species(as chromate) on the surface of catalyst was responsible for the formation of strong acid site and the catalytic activity for the dealkylation of cumene. However, much of the $Cr^{6+}$ species was reduced to $Cr^{3+}$ species by $H_2$ formed during the catalytic reaction of cumene and the reduced $Cr^{3+}$ species was an active site for dehydrogenation of cumene to form ${\alpha}$-methyl styrene. The reduced $Cr^{3+}$ species was also reoxidized to a $Cr^{6+}$ species after treatment with $O_2$ and consequently the deoxidized catalyst exhibited catalytic activity for the dealkylation reaction of cumene.

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Development of Isothermal Pass Schedule Program for the Re-design of a Continuous High Carbon Steel Wire Drawing Process (고탄소강 연속 신선 공정의 재설계를 위한 등온패스스케줄 프로그램의 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Sik;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Kim, Byung-Min;Kim, Min-An;Park, Yong-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2001
  • The high speed in the wire-drawing process to meet the demands for the increased productivity has a great effect on the heat generated due to plastic deformation and friction between the wire and the drawing dies. During the high carbon steel wire drawing process, the temperature rise gives a great influence to the fracture of wire. In this paper, to control the temperature rise in the wire after the deformation through the drawing die, the calculation method of the wire temperature, which includes the temperature rise in the deformation zone as well as the temperature drop in the block considering the heat transfer among the wire, cooling water and surrounding air, is proposed. These calculated results of the wire temperature at the inlet and exit of the drawing die at each pass are compared with the measured wire temperatures and verified its efficiency. So, using the program to predict the wire temperature, the isothermal pass schedule program was developed. By applying this isothermal pass schedule program to the conventional process condition, a new isothermal pass schedule is redesigned through all passes. As a result, the possibility of wire fracture could be considerably reduced and the productivity of final product could be more increased than before.

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Studies on the Blistering Resistance(I) - The influence of pigment ratio on blistering resistance - (블리스터링에 관한 연구(제1보) - 안료의 배합비가 블리스터링에 미치는 영향 -)

  • Lim, Won-Seok;Ha, Young-Baeck;Kim, Chang-Keun;Lee, Yong-Kyu
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.39 no.2 s.120
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2007
  • Recently the use of web offset printing has been increasing, which can provide high print speed, mass production, and high print quality. However, high speed web offset printing has frequently undergone a blistering problem when the printed paper passes through hot air dryers. Blistering occurs in the middle of the base paper or in the coating layer. This paper focused on the blistering occurring in the base paper. In order to elucidate the effect of pigment ratio on blistering, 6 types of coating color were prepared with varying GCC/clay ratios and printability and blistering were investigated focusing on structure changes in the coating layer. When the clay content in the coating layer was increased, surface roughness and surface strength were decreased and paper gloss was increased. In addition, it was found that the coating layer structure with high clay content, which contains lots of discontinuous pores, hindered water vapors to penetrate out and, as a result, blistering occurred.

Hydrophilic Finish of Polyester Fabrics using Sericin Finishing Agents (세리신 가공제에 의한 폴리에스터 직물의 친수화 가공)

  • Park, In-Woo;Hwang, Gye-Soon;Hong, Young-Ki;Bae, Han-Soo;Bae, Kie-Seo
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2009
  • First of all, the properties imparted to PET fabrics are resistance to and recovery from creasing or wrinkling when wet or dry; high resistance to stretch in the filament yarns but not in the staple; high abrasion resistance; good texture and appearance; resistance to heat ageing; good chemical resistance and good resistance, behind glass, to sunlight. But, the low moisture regain of PET fabric conduces to static troubles in textile processing. Furthermore, garments made from PET may, during wear, develop electric charges which attract to the fabric particles of soil(dirt, swarf, dust) flying in the air, so that the cuffs of shirts, for example, become soiled quickly and are not easily laundered clean. The sericin constitutes 25$\sim$30% of silk protein and surrounds the fibroin fiber with sticky layer that supports the formation of a cocoon. The useful biochemical properties of sericin protein are oxidation resistant, antibacterial, UV resistant, hydrophilic property, and good affinity with hydrophobic material. These properties can be used as an improving reagent or a coating agent for natural and synthetic fibers, fabrics, and other intermediate products. The sericin is also applied to cross-link, and can be blended with other materials. In this study, we modified the surface of PET fabric by mixture of sericin finishing agent; sericin, polyuretane binder and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) cross-link agent. Also, we investigated the finshing effect; moisture regain, stiffness, handle, drape and electrostatic. The moisture regain of PET fabric treated with sericin finishing agent was higher than that of untreated PET fabric. As a result of evaluating influence about handle of PET fabrics treated with sericin finishing agent, it was confirmed that the sericin finishing agent could be use as a linen like finishing agent.

Comparison of Forage Production and Nutritional Value of Italian ryegrass, Rye and Whole Crop Barley as Winter Forage Crops in Southern Region of Korea

  • So, Min Jeong;Kim, Hyeon Shup;Kim, Ji Hye;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Ki-Won;Jung, Jeong Sung;Sung, Kyung-Il;Peng, Jing lun;Park, Hyung Soo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015 to explore forage production and feed values of Italian ryegrass, Rye and whole crop barley as winter forage crops in the Southern region of Korea. The experimental location was over 10 points for each species and each sampling point area was $1m^2$ (Width: 1 m ${\times}$ Length: 1 m). Air mean temperature and rainfall in the Southern region of Korea during the experimental period was $6.95{\pm}5.75^{\circ}C$ and $70.45{\pm}54.68mm$, respectively. Fresh forage yield of Italian ryegrass, the most cultivated forage in the Southern region of Korea, was $44.4{\pm}7.0ton/ha$. The percentage of dry matter for whole crop barley was $28.9{\pm}7.0%$. Crude protein (CP) was higher in Italian ryegrass ($10.7{\pm}5.3%$) while total digestible nutrient (TDN) had the highest value in whole crop barley. Crude protein was not significantly different by location. However, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient value of forage from Jeonbuk province were higher than in forage from Gyeongnam province.

Drying and Storage Characteristics of Small Scale Accumulated / Stirred Storage and Drying Bin (소형 교반식 저장건조빈의 벼 건조 및 저장 특성)

  • Park, Jong-Won;Ning, Xiao Feng;Cha, Yeong-Ok;Kang, Tae-Hwan;Han, Chung-Su;Cho, Sung-Chan
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.195-203
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    • 2011
  • Not only does the labor of manufacturers used most in the drying process after rice harvest, but it also is having huge influence in quality. Also, because drying storage of rice production around the whole country is scarce with original facility, it has become a very important matter that farms develop their own safe and high-quality facilities to store and dry rice. Therefore, this study developed a small scale accumulated storage and drying bin, assessed nalyzed drying properties, and conducted analysis of research on the property of quality when storing for a long time. As a result, the drying speed of the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin was adequate of 0.042%/hr and was shown that the experimental static pressure and theoretical static pressure corresponded. Also, it was shown that drying cost was up to about 6 times inexpensive that heated air drying. For the storage of the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin, average of moisture content was around 16.5 until early April and decreased to 15.7% in July. Inside storage was maintained to 12.13% until early April and slightly increased to 14% after May. It was shown that inside storage had higher hardness and rate of cracking than the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin by storage conditions and germination rate was shown a little higher when stored in the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin.

Growth of Mandshurian Linden (Tilia mandshurica Pupr, et Max.) Seedlings as Affected by Container Types and Volumes (용기의 형태와 용적에 따른 찰피나무 유묘의 생장)

  • Yoon, Taek-Seong;Lim, Ji-Young;Kim, Jong-Jin
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and root development of Mandshurian Linden (Tilia mandshurica Rupr. et Max.) seedlings grown in plastic net container and plain plastic container. The seedlings were grown in the mixture of peatmoss perlite : vermiculite (1:1:1, v/v/v) for five months in the plastic greenhouse. The seedlings grown in plastic net container showed greater root collar diameter growth, better root development, and more increment of root dry mass than those grown in the plain plastic container. In particular, the seedlings grown in plastic net container had no spiraling roots which were always observed in the control . These results suggest that the net container is suitable for container culture of Tilia mandshurica seedlings by enhancing root development. Seedlings grown in the net container and transplanted to various environments showed vigorous rootage and growth.

A Case Study of Heavy Snowfall with Thunder and Lightning in Youngdong Area (뇌전을 동반한 영동지역 대설 사례연구)

  • Kim, Hae-Min;Jung, Sueng-Pill;In, So-Ra;Choi, Byoung-Choel
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.187-200
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    • 2018
  • The heavy snowfall phenomenon with thunder and lightning occurred in Yeongdong coastal region on 20 January 2017. Amount of snow on that day was a maximum of 47 cm and was concentrated in a short time (2 hours) at the Yeongdong coastal area. The mechanism of thundersnow was investigated to describe in detail using observational data and numerical simulation (Weather Research and Forecast, WRF) applied lightning option. The results show that a convective cloud occurred at the Yeongdong coastal area. The east wind flow was generated and the pressure gradient force was maximized by the rapidly developed cyclone. The cold and dry air in the upper atmosphere has descended (so called tropopause folding) atmospheric lower layer at precipitation peak time (1200 LST). In addition, latent heat in the lower atmosphere layer and warm sea surface temperature caused thermal instability. The convective cloud caused by the strong thermal instability was developed up to 6 km at that time. And the backdoor cold front was determined by the change characteristics of meteorological elements and shear line in the east sea. Instability indexes such as Total totals Index (TT) and Lightning Potential Index (LPI) are also confirmed as one of good predictability indicates for the explosive precipitation of convective rainfall.

Studies on the Preparation of Dried Sweet Potato and it s Utilization (절간(切干)고구마의 제조(製造)와 이용(利用)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Hyong-Soo;Lee, Hee-Ja;Park, Chang-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.220-224
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    • 1977
  • To dry the sweet potato efficiently, the fresh sweet potato was soaked in hot water of $60{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ for $1{\sim}1.5hrs.$ and cut into 0.5cm thick slices, followed by pressing at $40kg/cm^2$. This predehydrated cake contained $43{\sim}55%$ moisture and can be dried further either by sundrying or hot air drying. Using the dried sweet potato, ethanol was produced (ethanol production; 433l/M/T) by the conventional alcohol fermentation. The extracts as a by-product ($340{\sim}450ml$ per Kg of fresh potato) contained 5% total sugar and may be used directly for alcohol fermentation without further concentration.

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