• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1045-1048
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• 2007

Two genes, dps encoding decaprenyl diphosphate synthase and dxs encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, were isolated from Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 4718. DNA sequencing analysis of the dps and dxs genes revealed an open reading frame of 1,077 bp and 1,920 bp, respectively. The heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was carried out in order to identify their functions. Recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) harboring the dps gene produced $CoQ_{10}$ as well as $CoQ_8$ and $CoQ_9$, whereas E. coli harboring only the dxs gene produced more $CoQ_8$ compared with the wild-type E. coli. Additionally, the coexpression of dps and dxs genes in E. coli was carried out. The recombinant E. coli harboring only the dps gene produced $0.21{\pm}0.04\;mg/l$ of $CoQ_{10}$, whereas the coexpressed E. coli with dps and dxs genes produced $0.37{\pm}0.07\;mg/l$ of $CoQ_{10}$. HPLC analysis also showed that the $CoQ_{10}$ fraction (100% of the total CoQs distribution) was increased from $15.86{\pm}0.66%$ (only dps) to $29.78{\pm}1.80%$ (dps and dxs).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.750-757
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• 2010

본 연구는 응급의료센터에 내원한 음독환자의 발생현황 및 중독학적 특성이 거주 지역 및 연령에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 5개 병원 응급의료센터의 의무기록을 2007년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 조사하였다. 총 624명 내원 환자 중에서 65세 이상 노인음독환자를 도시지역과 농촌지역으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 중독 원인물질이 농약인 경우가 농촌지역 노인군에서 도시지역 노인군보다 높았으며, 성별 분포, 동거가족 유무, 질병력, 자살기왕력, 내원시 의식 상태, 내원시 음주 상태 등에는 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 농약 중독은 사망에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 변수로 농약의 판매와 관리에 대한 새로운 지침 마련이 절실히 요구된다. 또한 지역과 연령 특성을 고려한 자살방지 프로그램의 활성화와 중독예방 교육을 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 2003

The separation policy of prescription and drug dispensing which has been implemented since the 1st of July, 2000, has brought about great changes in patients flow within the healthcare delivery system. The changes in the patients flow, in turn, resulted in the change in the distribution of financial resources among the participating entities in the healthcare delivery system: pharmacies, clinics, small hospitals, general hospitals, and teaching hospitals. The purpose of this study is to shed some light in the change in the financial performance of teaching hospitals under the separation policy that has created environmental changes such as the decrease in the number of out patients visits, the increase in the capital expenditures, the rapid increase in labor costs and so on. For the purpose, this study has compared and analyzed the balance sheets, the income statements and other operational data of three teaching hospitals located in D area. The data include two periods: before(year 1999) and after(year 2001) the implementation of the separation policy. The analysis was conducted with an emphasis on the changes in the financial ratios such as liquidity, turnover ratio, performance ratio. and capitalization ratio. The results show that the financial performances of the hospitals under study were weaker than before the implementation of the separation policy, and that, while the operating expenses have increased remarkably, there was no tendency to corresponding increase in revenue. And the result of analysis of other operational indicators also show that the performance of the hospitals is getting worse. Based on the results, this study has suggested the directions of the healthcare policies. This study suggests to improve the current model of separation of prescription and drug dispensing, to grant subsidies for the training of residents in teaching hospitals, and to lower the rate of patients' out of porket payment in teaching hospitals.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.462-471
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• 2020

일반적으로 수면제로 사용되는 졸피뎀은 신경 억제 물질을 증가시키기 위해 GABA 수용체에 결합한다. 실제 졸피뎀을 4주 이상 연속으로 복용하는 경우는 많이 있다. 현재 한국에서 시행되고 있는 의약품 사용평가(DUR)은 졸피뎀의 사용 패턴을 확인할 수 있다. 수면제인 졸피뎀의 과다 사용을 예방 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 2019년 5월 10일부터 2019년 5월 15일까지 진행되었다. 검색된 총 125,197건의 문서 중 1차 및 2차 선별을 실시하여 진행하였다. 졸피뎀 과다 사용과 직접적인 관련이 있는 최종 254개의 문헌 사례를 선정하였다. 체계적인 문헌 연구를 통해 졸피뎀의 과다 사용을 예방 할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구대상 선별과정에서 연구의 비뚤림 효과를 최소화 하였다. 졸피뎀의 과다 사용은 심각했으며 사용량이 계속 증가하는 추세였다. 졸피뎀을 이용한 범죄도 증가하고 있었다. 졸피뎀은 마약류 통합 관리 시스템과 의약품 사용평가를 통해 관리 될 수 있다고 연구되었다. 졸피뎀의 사용을 줄이기 위해서는 마약류 통합관리 시스템과 과다 사용자 교육을 통한 수요와 공급을 동시에 억제할 필요가 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

This study is concerning to identify the hygienic problems occurring in processing, storage, and distribution of Rehmanniae radix crude, and to investigate the possibility of application of safe and hygienic ${\gamma}-irradiation$ techniques. The results are as follows. To compare the contents of catapol, index compound of Rehmanniae Radix crude, between before and after ${\gamma}-irradiated$,0,2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5,15,20, and 30 kGy of ${\gamma}-irradiation$ was applied to standard catapol and Rehmanniae radix crude. The contents of catapol in standard material and Rehmanniae radix crude were decreased with the increase of ${\gamma}-irradiation$ level. However, active components of Rehmanniae Radix crude were not changed with ${\gamma}-irradiation$. These results indicate that active components of Rehmanniae Radix crude were preserved after ${\gamma}-irradiation$ and those of Rehmanniae Radix crude did not showed significant change after irradiation of ${\gamma}-ray$ up to 20 kGy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2009

In this study, paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanosuspension (PxLN) was prepared and the in vivo profiles after intravenous administration in rats were investigated. We compared the manufacturing processes depending on the temperature: PxLN-H for a hot homogenization process and PxLN-C for solidification of lipid-drug mixtures by liquid nitrogen. Both formulations showed submicron size distribution and the similar drug loading efficiency of about 70%. In vitro release of PxLNs and Taxol$^{(R)}$ performed by a dialysis diffusion method showed similar pattern for PxLN-H and Taxol$^{(R)}$, but the reduced release profile for PxLN-C. PxLN or Taxol$^{(R)}$ was intravenously administered to the rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg as paclitaxel. The drug in blood samples were assayed by the HPLC/MS/MS method. The AUC$_t$ of PxLN-H was 3.4-fold greater than that of Taxol$^{(R)}$. PxLN-H gave higher biodistribution in all tissues than did Taxol$^{(R)}$. In addition, it maintained the higher drug concentration for 12 h. This lipid nanosuspension might be a promising candidate for an alternative formulation for the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble paclitaxel.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1369-1376
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• 2006

Self-organized nanogels were prepared from pullulan/biotin conjugates (PU/Bio) for the development of an effective anticancer drug delivery system. The degree of biotin substitution was 11, 19, and 24 biotin groups per 100 anhydroglucose units of pullulan. The physicochemical properties of the nanogels (PU/Bio1, 2 and 3) in aqueous media were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mean diameter of all the samples was less than 300 nm with a unimodal size distribution. The critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) of the nanoparticles in distilled water were $2.8{\times}10^{-2},\;1.6{\times}10^{-2}$, and $0.7{\times}10^{-2}mg/ml$ for the PU/Bio1, 2, and 3, respectively. The aggregation behavior of the nanogels indicated that biotin can perform as a hydrophobic moiety. To observe the specific interaction with a hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2), the conjugates were labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) and their intensities measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. The HepG2 cells treated with the fluorescence-labeled PU/Bio nanoparticles were strongly luminated compared with the control (pullulan). Confocal laser microscopy also confirmed internalization of the PU/Bio nanogels into the cancer cells. Such results demonstrated that the biotin in the conjugate acted as both a hydrophobic moiety for self-assembly and a tumor-targeting moiety for specific interaction with tumor cells. Consequently, PU/Bio nanogels would appear to be a useful drug carrier for the treatment of liver cancer.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2009

국내에 유통 중인 식품을 대상으로 PCBs 62종 동족체를 동위원소희석법으로 분석하고 노출평가를 실시하였다. 시료에 $^{13}C$-labeled된 회수율 측정용 표준용액을 가하여 추출하고 다층 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하여 HRGC/MSD로 분석하였다. 식품 중 평균 검출량(ng/g)은 쌀 0.13, 육류 1.8~3.4, 우유 및 유가공품 0.3~3.7, 계란 10.0, 수산물 0.8~34.4 이었다. 식품군별 검출분포는 수산물(94.4%) >육류 (2.3%) >알류(1.7%) > 우유 및 유가공품(1.3%) >쌀(0.3%) 순이었다. 식품을 통한 총 PCBs의 1일 노출량은 14.5 ng/kg bw/day로 건강상 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.813-823
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the nutrition therapy and drug(simvastatin) treatment on the levels of blood lipids for the hyperlipidemic patients according to genetic polymorphism of apo CIII. Subjects of the study consisted of 43(male: 9, female: 34 )hyperlipidemic patients registered to Kyung Hee Medical Center, Intakes of nutrients for the subjects were determined by 24-hr recall method through a personal interviews. The subjects were instructed to take the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic diets. Compliance was monitored through food records, personal interview, and body-weight measurements. The patients changed their basal diet containing 40. 1g fat(182.7mg cholesterol./day) to a diet containing 30.7g fat(139.2mg cholesterol/day) after 12 weeks of nutrition therapy. The distribution of genotypes for apo CIII by Msp I was 32.5% of TT, 50.0% of TC, and 17.5% of CC. aT the beginning of the study, the level of blood triglyceride was the highest for patients with TT and TC. Following the nutrition therapy, patients with CC exhibited the largest drop of blood triglyceride. Following simvastatin treatment with nutrition therapy, blood LDL-cholesterol decreased in most of the patiens with TT. Meanwhile the distribution of genotypes for apo CII by the Fok I was 10.0% of TT, 47.5% of TC, and 42.5% of CC. The level of blood triglyceride was the highest for patients with CC. Following the nutrition therapy, patients with TC exhibited a significant drop for the blood triglyceride. Following simvastatin treatment with nutrition therapy the level of blood LDL-cholesterol decreased in most of the patients with CC. We concluded that dietary habits and food have been changed by nutrition therapy. And blood lipid levels have been decreased by the restriction of intakes of energy, fat and cholesterol. There was variation in the levels of blood lipids according to apo CII polymorphisms. The level of blood lipids responded to nutrition therapy and drug treatment in different was according to genetic polymorphisms. Accordingly, the choice of individualized therapy based on the patient\\`s genetic polymorphism is very important for effective therapy(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 813-823, 2000)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1984

Personal and social characteristics, disease status, reason of delay of receiving drug from City Health Center and knowledge and attitude on the pulmonary tuberculosis were compared between the faithful group in treatment and the unfaithful group among the patients for pulmonary tuberculosis registered in a City Health Center in order to analyze the factors which influenced the faithfulness to treatment. Record as well as interview survey was done toward all patients of 247 who were registered and being cared during over 6 months in a City Health Center from April 1, 1982 to March 31, 1983, and results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference in sex and age distribution between the faithful group in treatment and the unfaithful group. 2. There was no statistically significant difference in marital status distribution between the faithful group and unfaithful group in treatment. 3. The lower education group comprised higher proportion than the higher education group among the faithful group in treatment. 4. The proportion of the emlployed was higher than unemlpoyed among the unfaithful group in treatment. 5. The proportion of mild case was higher than severe case among the unfaithful group in treatment. 6. As for the onset of delay of receiving drug, 'less than 3 month after starting treatment' was 59.5% among the unfaithful group in treatment. 7. The reasons of delay of receiving drug were 'no time' (42.2%). 'being away from home' (25.0%), 'being sick' (13.8%), and 'forgot the appointed date' (12.0%). 8. There was no statistically significant difference in the knowledge on the communicability of the tuberculosis between the faithful groups in treatment and the unfaithful group. 9. There was no statistically significant difference in the knowlege on B.C.G. as vaccination drug of tuberculosis between the faithful group and the unfaithful group in treatment. 10. There was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction on the treatment of health center between the group of faithful and unfaithful in treatment. 11. There was no statistically significant difference in the belief on the complete recovery of tuberculosis between the faithful group and the unfaithful group in treatment. 12. The rate of consulting on tuberculosis treatment with life partner was higher among the faithful group in treatment than the unfaithful group.