• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.645-652
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• 2014

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis mainly in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Fascioliasis has been reported in Korea; however, determining F. hepatica infection in snails has not been done recently. Thus, using PCR, we evaluated the prevalence of F. hepatica infection in snails at 4 large water-dropwort fields. Among 349 examined snails, F. hepatica-specific internal transcribed space 1 (ITS-1) and/or ITS-2 markers were detected in 12 snails and confirmed using sequence analysis. Morphologically, 213 of 349 collected snails were dextral shelled, which is the same aperture as the lymnaeid snail, the vectorial host for F. hepatica. Among the 12 F. hepatica-infected snails, 6 were known first intermediate hosts in Korea (Lymnaea viridis and L. ollula) and the remaining 6 (Lymnaea sp.) were potentially a new first intermediate host in Korea. It has been shown that the overall prevalence of the snails contaminated with F. hepatica in water-dropwort fields was 3.4%; however, the prevalence varied among the fields. This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of F. hepatica infection using the vectorial capacity of the snails in Korea.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of the powder of the small water dropwort(PSWD) and brewer's yeast(BY) on the liver function and serum lipid metabolism in alcohol-consuming rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 diet(control), ethanol plus control(A), ethanol plus PSWD(AS), ethanol plus BY(AB), ethanol plus PSWD and BY(ABS) diet for seven weeks. The feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were the lowest and in the alcohol-consuming groups. The weight of the liver, kidney, spleen and epididymis of the anatomized rats showed positive correlation with the body weight gain. Compared with group A, the content of the lipid in the serum was significantly low in the AS and AB groups. In particular, it was the most effective in the AB group. The GOT, GPT and ALP level in the serum showed a significant difference in the alcohol-consuming groups. Compared with the A group, they showed a significantly low difference in the AS and AB groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were similar in all groups. The weight of the feces was significantly different but there was no significant difference in the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the AS and AB groups. These results suggest that BY and PSWD improve the liver function, and had an effect on reducing the lipid content of the serum and feces of alcohol-consumed rats. In particular, the effect of BY which contained protein, dietary fiber and vitamin B was higher than that of PSWD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

The embryogenic callus (EC), from which somatic embryos could be induced, was compared with nonembryogenic callus(NE) to study the origin and features of totipotent cell in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC). To induce and maintain of EC and the NE, meristematic stem and immature floret were inoculated in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, and with 2.5 mg/L NAA and 5mg/L BA, respectively, The EC was not induced from the NE even after subculturing in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Plantlets were not regenerated from the NE in hormone-free medium. In histochemical comparison of the EC with the NE by light microscopy, the EC had smaller cells in size, dense cytoplasm, and more starch granules of cells compared to the NE cells. The cell from the EC, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, had smaller vaculoes, well developed ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the cells from the NE had larger vacuoles and underdeveloped organelles. In protein pattern from NE, EC and Somatic embryo (SE), as analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, different proteins specific for tissue were observed: 17 and 28 KD for NE, 50, 52, 57, 66, 68 KD for EC and 20 KD for SE. DNA polymorphism was also observed between EC and NE as analyzed by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) method. The origin of totipotent stem cell and the relationship between irreversible genomic change arose in differentiation and the loss of totipotency in plant were discussed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.386-395
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the volatile constituents change according to extraction methods, parts and heating methods. The research results are as follows: 23 kinds of components were extracted by steam distillation method; 8 by head space method; 16 by ether extraction method; 9 by Tenax-GC. This fact indicated that volatile constituents differ depending upon the extracting method. When the volatile constituents were extracted by steam distillation method and analyzed by GC-MSD, the content of the volatile constituents was 41.71 mg％ in the stem and 85.37 mg％ in the leaf. A total of 23 components - 14 kinds of hydrocarbon, 5 of aldehyde, 4 of alcohol- were detected in the stem. A total of 31 components - 21 kinds of hydrocarbon, 5 of aldehyde, 4 of alcohol and 1 of ester were detected in the leaf. The leaf had comparatively more varied volatile constituents than the stem. In the stem, the octanal content was highest and the contents of limonene, sabinene, -terpinene and -myrcene were higher; in the leaf, the content of octanal was highest and the contents of isobicyclogermacrene, limonene, -farnesene, undecaethiol, -terpinene, sabinene, elemene, -myrcen were higher. These were the major volatile constituents of the water d.opwort. The volatile constituent formation changed as the water dropwort was heated. The volatile constituents of the water dropwort heated in 1000 $m\ell$ were the most similiar to those of the raw water dropwort, and volatile constituent content was highest.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a rubber-crawler type vehicle as a traveling device for harvesting water-dropwort cultivated in water contained paddy rice field in winter season. Methods: A commercial rubber-crawler type vehicle was used to investigate application of rubber crawler to the paddy rice field as preliminary test. As the result of the preliminary test, a both prototype traveling device with rubber crawlers for a water-dropwort harvest was designed with inclination of $45^{\circ}$ at the front-end and rear-end of crawler under the basic water depth of 0.6 m in the paddy rice field. The device was fabricated and attached to the experimental harvesting test devices on the front of the prototype vehicle. The size of the prototype crawler vehicle with a harvesting part is $2,800{\times}1,460{\times}1,040 $ (mm) ($L{\times}W{\times}H$) with weight of 9.21 kN (maximum). Sizes of the crawler of prototype vehicle are ground contact length of 900 mm, width of 180 mm, height of 1,070 mm and distance between center to center of crawlers of 720 mm. The side-overturn angle of the prototype was $26.4^{\circ}$. Results: Driving performance of the prototype vehicle in water contained paddy field were good at both forward and reverse (backward) directions as weights were applied. The drawbar pull and the maximum sinking depth of the prototype vehicle were 3.5 kN and 0.13 m respectively at water depth of 0.5 m, when the weight and bearing capacity of the prototype rubber crawler in the paddy field were 8.51 kN and 26.3 $kN/m^2$, respectively. Conclusions: Results of the driving test performance of the prototype crawler in paddy rice field at the water depth of 0.5 m were satisfactory. The prototype had enough drawbar pull and driving ability in the deep water contained paddy field.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.471-474
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• 2009

Formaldehyde (FA) is a carcinogenic compound present in cigarette smoke. In this study, the amount of formaldehyde was analyzed in 5 kinds of cigarettes and the inhibitory effect of plant volatile extracts on the formation of FA was investigated. After extraction of the cigarette sample, FA was converted into its thiazolidine derivatives by reaction with cysteamine, and then measured using a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). The concentrations of FA in cigarette smoke were found between 138.24 and $217.82{\mu}mol/g$ cigarette smoke. Extracts isolated from Welsh onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), crown daisy (Chrylsanthemum coronarium L.), green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and sesame dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC) were used for analyzing their inhibitory effects on the formation of FA. The inhibitory effects of extracts of Welsh onion, garlic, crown daisy, green pepper, and sesame dropwort on the formation of FA were 64, 47, 38, 47, and 19%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity, the protective effect of the extract on SH-SY5Y cell death by $H_2O_2$, the memory improvement from scopolamine-induced rat. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin from the dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) was investigated. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity was highest (28.59%) in Hwasun O. javanica extract (H-OJE). H-OJE and Naju O. javanica extract (N-OJE) were not significantly different. SH-SY5Y cell death deceased to 37.23% and 36.68% for H-OJE and N-OJE, respectively, following treatment with the extracts. O. javanica extracts showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with O. javanica extracts slightly improved scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg, i.p.) memory impairment in rats. H-OJE contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 117 mg/g and 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively, and had a DPPH radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$) of $113.8{\mu}g/mL$ and ABTS radical scavenging activity of $48.2{\mu}g/mL$, which was higher than the other extracts. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was highest (50.2%) in H-OJE. Antioxidant activity differed significantly among dropwort extracts. Isorhamnetin was known as one of the flavonoid and for having neuroprotective effect. So we analyzed acid-hydrolyzed O. javanica extract HPLC. The results were that peak at 14 min and spectrum of the extracts was consistent with standard solution. The results of LC/MS/MS analysis were that the extract and standard solution were confirmed total ion chromatogram at identical time, precursor ion was 317 $[M-H]^+$ m/z, product ion was 302 $[M-H]^+$ m/z. Overall, the results showed that the dropwort extract led to memory improvement and had antioxidant activity. Based on these finding, further research to investigate the production of ethanol extract of dropwort as a processed food is warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.316-320
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity on the dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) and its solvent fraction. The dropwort was extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol, and then partitioned using the solvents of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid of 240.61 mg GA eq/g and 105.57 mg catechin eq/g, followed by ethanol extract of 37.50 mg GA eq/g and 26.50 mg catechin eq/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) on the solvent fractions increased in the order of ethyl acetate, butanol, ethanol extract, chloroform, aqueous, and hexane with 0.08, 0.58, 1.07, 2.43, 2.47, and 3.31 mg/mL, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was the highest value of 382 mg AA eq/g in ethyl acetate fraction. Reducing power and chelating effect on the ethanol extracts and its solvent fraction were in range of 0.23~0.75 and 0~32.01%, respectively. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) was the lowest value of $26.71\;{\mu}g$/mL in ethyl acetate fraction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

Obesity, which is characterized by a state of mild chronic inflammation, is known to cause metabolic diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lyophilized dropwort vinegar powder (DVP) on adipocyte differentiation and inflammation in T3-L1 preadipocyte and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. DVP inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by a mixture of IBMX, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI). Western blot analysis of cell lysates showed that DVP decreased the levels of two major transcription factors involved in adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$). DVP also significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), and this was accompanied by a decrease in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. These results demonstrate that DVP inhibits MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The findings indicate that this natural product may be a good candidate as to prevent metabolic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Crop rotation is often used as a solution to eradicate nematodes in soils used in plastic film houses for long-term cultivation of oriental melon. However, it is not clear if the double-cropping is effective in reducing nematode populations in soils. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nematode population in plastic film house soil was measured during oriental melon cultivation from April to July in short term crop rotation systems of oriental melon. Double-cropping of chinese cabbage in open-field for 3-4 months following oriental melon in plastic film houses could not prevent the build-up of high population density of nematodes. However, double-cropping of dropwort in flooded soil for 3-4 months following oriental melon in plastic film houses could effectively reduce the nematode population during the successive year of oriental melon cultivation. The reduced nematode population in soils of oriental melon-dropwort double-cropping system was continued until the mid season of progressive year oriental melon cultivation. Application of nematicide to soil before growing oriental melon in the oriental melon-dropwort double-cropping was very effective in preventing the build-up of high population density of nematode in plastic film house soils. CONCLUSION: Short-term introduction of crop rotation was not effective in suppression of high population density of nematodes in plastic film house soils of long-term year-to-year production of oriental melon. For securing the soil productivity and sustainability of plastic film house, various physical, chemical, and agronomic practices should be properly combined together.