• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.338-346
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• 1997

Mechanical properties of ($10%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2+5%Ni$)/Al hybrid composites fabricated by the reaction squeeze casting were compared with those of ($15%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2$)/Ai composites. Al-Ni intermetallic compounds ($10{\sim}20 {\mu}m$) formed by the reaction between nickel powder and molten aluminum were uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. These intermetallic compounds were identified as $Al_3Ni$ using X-ray diffraction analysis and they resulted in beneficial effects on room and high temperature strength and wear resistance. Microhardness values of ($10%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2+5%Ni$)/Al hybrid composite were greater by about 100Hv than those of ($15%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2$)/Al composite. Wear resistance of ($10%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2+5%Ni$)/Al hybrid composites was superior to that of ($15%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2$)/Al composites regardless of the applied load. While tensile and yield strength of ($10%Al_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2+5%Ni$)/Al hybrid composites were greater at room temperature and $300^{\circ}C$, strength drop at high temperature was much smaller in hybrid composites.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is produced using high amount of cementitious materials, very low water/cementitious materials ratio, fine-sized fillers, and steel fibers. Due to the dense microstructure of UHPC, it possesses very high strength, elasticity, and durability. Besides that, the UHPC exhibits high ductility and fracture toughness due to presence of fibers in its matrix. While the high ductility of UHPC allows it to undergo high strain/deflection before failure, the high fracture toughness of UHPC greatly enhances its capacity to absorb impact energy without allowing the formation of severe cracking or penetration by the impactor. These advantages with UHPC make it a suitable material for construction of the structural members subjected to special loading conditions. In this research work, the UHPC mixtures having three different dosages of steel fibers (2%, 4% and 6% by weight corresponding to 0.67%, 1.33% and 2% by volume) were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties including facture toughness, before using these concrete mixtures for casting the slab specimens, which were tested under high-energy impact loading with the help of a drop-weight impact test setup. The effect of fiber content on the impact energy absorption capacity and central deflection of the slab specimens were investigated and the equations correlating fiber content with the energy absorption capacity and central deflection were obtained with high degrees of fit. Finite element modeling (FEM) was performed to simulate the behavior of the slabs under impact loading. The FEM results were found to be in good agreement with their corresponding experimentally generated results.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

A colorimetric paper sensor was used to detect volatile nitrogen-containing compounds emitted from spoiled salmon filets to determine their freshness. The sensing mechanism was based on acid-base reactions between acidic pH-indicating dyes and basic volatile ammonia and amines. A sensing layer was simply fabricated by drop-casting a dye solution of bromocresol green (BCG) on a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate, and its color-change response was enhanced by optimizing the amounts of additive chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and graphene oxide in the dye solution. To avoid the adverse effects of water vapor, both faces of the sensing layer were enclosed by using a polyethylene terephthalate film and a gas-permeable microporous polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, respectively. When exposed to basic gas analytes, the paper-like sensor distinctly exhibited a color change from initially yellow, then to green, and finally to blue due to the deprotonation of BCG via the Brønsted acid-base reaction. The use of ammonia analyte as a test gas confirmed that the sensing performance of the optimized sensor was reversible and excellent (detection time of < 15 min, sensitive naked-eye detection at 0.25 ppm, good selectivity to common volatile organic gases, and good stability against thermal stress). Finally, the coloration intensity of the sensor was quantified as a function of the storage time of the salmon filet at 28℃ to evaluate its usefulness in monitoring of the food freshness with the measurement of the total viable count (TVC) of microorganisms in the food. The TVC value increased from 3.2 × 10⁵ to 3.1 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 28 h and then became stable, whereas the sensor response abruptly changed in the first 8 h and slightly increased thereafter. This result suggests that the colorimetric response could be used as an indicator for evaluating the degree of decay of salmon induced by microorganisms.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2021

Background: Indoor air pollutants are caused by a number of factors, such as coming in from the outside or being generated by internal activities. Typical indoor air pollutants include nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide from household items such as heating appliances and volatile organic compounds from building materials. In addition there is carbon dioxide from human breathing and bacteria from speaking, coughing, and sneezing. Objectives: According to recent research results, most indoor air pollution is known to be greatly affected by internal factors such as burning (biomass for cooking) and various pollutants. These pollutants can have a fatal effect on the human body due to a lack of ventilation facilities. Methods: We fabricated a polydopamine (PDA) layer with Ti substrates as a coating on supported glass fiber fabric to enhance its photo-activity. The PDA layer with TiO₂ was covalently attached to glass fiber fabric using the drop-casting method. The roughness and functional groups of the surface of the Ti substrate/PDA coated glass fiber fabric were verified through infrared imaging microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The obtained hybrid Ti substrate/PDA coated glass fiber fabric was investigated for photocatalytic activity by the removal of ammonia and an epidermal Staphylococcus aureus reduction test with lamp (250 nm, 405 nm wavelength) at 24℃. Results: Antibacterial properties were found to reduce epidermal staphylococcus aureus in the Ti substrate/PDA coated glass fiber fabric under 405 nm after three hours. In addition, the Ti substrate/PDA coated glass fiber fabric of VOC reduction rate for ammonia was 50% under 405 nm after 30 min. Conclusions: An electron-hole pair due to photoexcitation is generated in the PDA layer and transferred to the conduction band of TiO₂. This generates a superoxide radical that degrades ammonia and removes epidermal Staphylococcus aureus.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2011

원자힘 현미경을 이용하여 실리콘 기판 위에 증착된 실리콘 나노선과 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선의 나노기계적 성질을 연구했다. 금 촉매를 사용하여 스테인리스 기판 위에서 증기-액체-고체 과정을 통해 실리콘 나노선을 합성하였다. 완전히 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선을 얻기 위해서 전기 화학적 방법을 사용했고, 이를 실리콘 기판 위에 증착하였다. 접촉모드 원자힘 현미경으로 측정된 표면 거칠기는 실리콘 나노선에서 $0.65{\pm}0.05$ nm에 비해 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선에서 $1.72{\pm}0.16$ nm으로 더 큰 값을 보여주었다. 탐침과 표면 사이의 접착력에서 리튬화의 영향을 조사하기 위해 힘 분광기법을 사용했다. 실리콘 나노선의 접착력이 실리콘 기판과 ~60 nN으로 흡사한 반면에, 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선은 ~15 nN으로 더 작은 값을 나타냈다. 또한, 탄성적으로 부드러운 무정형 구조 때문에 국부적 탄성 스프링 상수도 실리콘 나노선 66.30 N/m보다 완전히 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선이 16.98 N/m으로 상대적으로 작았다. 실리콘 나노선과 완전히 리튬화된 실리콘 나노선에서 탐침과 표면 사이에 마찰력의 수직항력 의존성과 스캔 속도 의존성을 조사하기 위하여 각 0.5~4.0 Hz와 0.01~200 nN으로 측정했다. 본 연구에서 실리콘과 리튬화된 실리콘의 기계적 성질에 관련된 접착력과 마찰력의 경향성이 보여졌고 이러한 방향의 연구는 충-방전 동안 리튬화된 나노수준의 영역의 화학적 맵핑에 응용성을 보여준다.