• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2289-2295
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• 2005

Two-Phase flow pattern and pressure drop data were obtained for pure refrigerants R134a and R123 and their mixtures as test fluids in a horizontal tube. The flow pattern is observed through tubular sight glasses located at inlet and outlet of the test section. The flow map of Baker developed for air-water two-phase flow at atmospheric pressure failed to predict the observed flow patterns at the higher value of the mass velocity used in the present study. The map of Kattan et al. predicted the data well over the entire region of mass velocity selected in the present study. The measured pressure drop increased with an increase in vapor quality and mass velocity. A new two-phase multiplier was developed from a dimensional analysis of the frictional pressure drop data measured in the present experiment. This new multiplier was found successfully to correlate the frictional pressure drop.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.338-346
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• 2004

Experimental data on the effect of the variable gravity magnitude, namely microgravity, normal gravity and hyper-gravity, on flow pattern and frictional pressure drop were obtained during co-current air-water flow in a horizontal tube, The flow patterns were found to depend strongly on the gravity magnitude and certain flow pattern were found to depend on the gas superficial velocity. The effect of the gravity magnitude had an effect on the frictional pressure drop only at low flow rates. The present data are used to evaluate some of existing flow pattern transition and pressure drop models and correlations.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.758-765
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• 2003

An experimental investigation on the flow pattern and pressure drop was carried out for both an adiabatic and a diabatic two-phase flow in a horizontal tube with pure refrigerants R134a and R123 and their mixtures as test fluids. The observed flow patterns were compared to the flow pattern map of Kattan et al., which predicted well the present data over the entire regions of mass velocity in this study. The measured frictional pressure drop in the adiabatic experiments increased with an increase in vapor quality and mass velocity These data were compared to various correlations proposed in the past for the frictional pressure drop. The Chisholm correlation underpredicted the present data both for pure fluids and their mixtures in the entire mass velocity range of 150 to 600 kg/m$^2$s covered in the measurements, white the Friedel correlation was found to overpredict the present data in the stratified and stratified-wavy flow region, and to underpredict in the annular flow region.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.652-659
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• 2008

This study was designed to testify the possibility and devise the method to manipulate the 3D body scan data to produce rounded-belt pattern adaptable to hip-type variation of women in their 20's. The results of this research were as follows : Firstly, based on drop-value distribution of hip and waist girth, 151 subjects were classified into three hip-types; Type 1 (15.23%) was 'cylinder type', showing lowest drop-value, Type 2 (69.54%) was 'average type' and Type3 (15.23%) was 'hourglass type' showing highest drop-value. Secondly, using CAD program, design lines for round shape belt were set on the surface of 3D scan data of representative subject of each type. And divided 3D surfaces were flattened onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. The measure, 'lifting value of round belt pattern', implying the level of curve ratio of pattern was higher in back than front. This result might be linked to the fact that the hip part is more protruded than the abdomen part. And the measures also showed highest values in Type 3(hourglass type) and lowest in Type 1(cylinder type), meaning that the pattern of Type 3 showed more rounded shape than that of Type 1. This finding implied that round belt for body type having high drop-value should be shaped more curved. Thirdly, difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves(body surface) and 2D plane(pattern) were 4.5% and 1.3%, respectively. This result demonstrated and solidified the feasibility of designing digital garment pattern from 3D body scan data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.939-946
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• 2009

Wettability is a critical parameter in micro-scale two-phase system. Several previous results indicate that wettability has influential affect on two-phase flow pattern in a microchannel. However, previous studies conducted using circular microtube, which was made by conventional fabrication techniques. Although most applications for micro thermal hydraulic system has used a rectangular microchannel, data for the rectangular microchannel is totally lack. In this study, a hydrophilic rectangular microchannel was fabricated using a photosensitive glass. And a hydrophobic rectangular microchannel was prepared using silanization of glass surfaces with OTS (octa-dethyl-trichloro-siliane). Experiments of two-phase flow in the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic rectangular microchannels were conducted using water and nitrogen gas. Visualization of twophase flow pattern was carried out using a high-speed camera and a long distance microscope. Visualization results show that the wettability was important for two-phase flow pattern in rectangular microchannel. In addition, two-phase frictional pressure drop was highly related with flow patterns. Finally, Two-phase frictional pressure drop was analyzed with flow patterns.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1947-1950
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• 2008

Printing technology is a very useful method in the several process of industrial fabrication due to noncontact and fast pattern generation. To make micro pattern, we investigate the electrostatic induced inkjet printer head for micro droplet generation and drop-on-demand jetting. In order to achieve the drop-on-demand micro droplet ejection by the electrostatic induced inkjet printer head, the pulsed DC voltage is supplied. In order to find optimal pulse conditions, we tested jetting performance for various bias and pulse voltages for drop-on-demand ejection. In this result, we have successful drop-on-demand operation and micro patterning. Therefore, our novel electrostatic induced inkjet head printing system will be applied industrial area comparing conventional printing technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.112-125
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• 2012

This study researches the preferred ease of torso sloper according to body sizes and drop. For this, the eases of main body parts such as chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, biacromion length, and waist back length were analysed; in addition, the drop differences of body and pattern were explored to find out characteristics of silhouette changes. The subjects were 55 women in their early 20s (aged from 20 to 24) and individual torso block made with muslin was corrected 1-3 times by a personal fitting. There were 3 meaningful results. First, the preferred ease were individually various; however, the eases of all torso blocks should be same at the pattern making step. Second, the eases were also significantly different among body size groups and the bigger group preferred less ease at the biacromion length, waist back length, armhole-depth, chest circumference, and waist circumference. Third, the eases of chest circumference and hip circumference were significantly changed among drop groups. To change their body drop, H-shape drop adopted less ease at chest circumference and more ease at hip circumference; however, A-shape drop adopted more ease at chest circumference and less ease at hip circumference.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2024

Modern fashion manifests in forms that mirror the diverse lifestyles and personalities of consumers. It transcends mere aesthetic designs and embodyies practicality. There is a preference for comfortable, highly functional attire, leaning towards easy wear. Casual wear, in particular, embraces a sense of freedom not found in standard business attire. It seeks a comfortable, natural silhouette through tactile fabrics rather than sportswear. Loose, drop shoulder sleeves enhance comfort and mobility and often become key elements in casual wear designs. Given that clothing must balance aesthetics with functionality, especially across various activities, it is natural to prioritize functional design. Research on patterns suited for dynamic conditions is imperative. The rise of drop shoulder styles necessitates the development of corresponding sleeve patterns. It is crucial to differentiate pattern drafting methods due to the resulting silhouette variations. This study aims to categorize drop shoulder pattern drafting techniques based on shoulder extension and angle dimensions. Each method will be examined, and drop shoulder sleeve patterns and wear forms will be studied using a 3D virtual system. This research holds significance in providing valuable insights and foundational data for designing diverse drop shoulder sleeve patterns, contributing to their practical development and advancement.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2002

To clarify the hydraulic characteristics of ice slurry which made from 6.5% ethylene glycol-water solution flowing through circular pipes of small diameter, experimental studies were performed. The flow pattern was observed and the pressure drop was measured in acrylic pipes with inner diameter of 24 mm. The results of flow visualization revealed that ice particles flowed along the top of pipes in the ranges of small ice fraction and low flow rate, while Ice particles diffused into the whole region of pipes flowed like a homogeneous flow for high flow rate and high ice fraction. An increase in frictional pressure drop was measured as the ice fraction increased in all pipes and unstable flow was observed for up-ward vertical pipe.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the basic data for design of pressure cooling system. Static pressure drop, as a function of superficial velocity, was measured for different stacking methods and stacking heights of some fruits and vegetables. At given superficial velocity, sphericity and void fraction had a much greater influence on static pressure drop than average diameter of spherical fruits such as apple, peach, tomato and kiwi fruit. Among cylindrical vegetables such as cucumber, carrot, radish and chinese cabbage, cucumber showed different pattern of static pressure drop because of its bended shape, radish showed less static pressure drop than other vegetables because its large sizes of voids. When cucumber and spinach were stacked vertically and horizontally to air flow, a much greater static pressure drop was shown in vertical than in horizontal type, therefore static pressure drop was affected not only by void fraction but also by void shape. Also, in packed-beds of fruits and vegetables, static pressure drop could be estimated very well by Ramsins equation.