• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2014

Drooling causes inconvenience and develops complications, therefore it can be very stressful to patients and caregivers. Drooling caused by neurological disabilities appears to be the consequence of dysfunction in the coordination of the swallowing mechanism. However, there is no explanation about drooling by brain injury in oriental medicine literature. This is the case report about a stroke patient with drooling improved by electro-acupuncture therapy. The patient already applied scopolamine patch, and improved drooling before admission. However, caregiver concerned about side effects, so we stopped using scopolamine patch and applied electro-acupuncture for drooling treatment. The patient was treated by 4 acupuncture points on either side of Yeomcheon(CV 23), and Jichang(ST 4), Hyeopgeo(ST 6) with mixed low frequency electro stimulation. Although we stopped using scopolamine patch, drooling maintained improved state without a change, futhermore after 16 days later, drooling had disappeared until the patient discharged. This result showed electro-acupuncture is useful method to improve drooling caused by brain injury.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using Kinesiology Tape (KT) for drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Methods : A single-case experimental design with an ABA design was conducted. A total of 46 sessions were conducted, consisting of three baseline sessions (A), 40 intervention sessions (B), and three baseline sessions (A'). The Drooling Impact Scale (DIS) and the Interlabial Gap (IG) were measured before and after the KT intervention, and a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) was assessed to determine whether there was any change in the target activity for each session. The KT intervention was attached to the orbicularis oris muscle. The KT intervention time was set as the time taken for dysphagia intervention and the actual meal time, for up to one hour a day, for a total of eight weeks. Results : The results of the study showed that the KT intervention had an effect on both the DIS and the IG, and that the GAS scale indicated that target activity increased with each session. Conclusion : These results indicate that the KT intervention can easily be applied to children with cerebral palsy who suffer from drooling, whether in clinical practice, by therapists, or caregivers, and that it can be used for various purposes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.54-64
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• 2023

Objective : This study aims to ascertain the effect of oral activity and sensory integration therapy on drool and play using oral toys in children with developmental delays. Methods : The participants of the study were two children (2 years and 8 months) experiencing developmental delays with sensory modulation problems in their oral sensory faculties. The research design was multi-baseline design cross-subjects among single-subject research ABA. Target behaviors were measured by drooling and interest and concentration in play using oral toys through the Goal Attachment Scale (GAS). In the 10 sessions that the children underwent during the intervention period (B), oral activity and proprioception-vestibular sensory integration therapy were applied. Results : The GAS of drooling improved from 0.25 for child A and -0.5 for child B during the baseline to 1.88 for child A and 1.4 for child B during the intervention period. The follow-up was 3 for both child A and child B. Meanwhile, the GAS of play during the baseline was -0.75 for child A and 0.75 for child B, and 1.9 for child A and 1.1 for child B during the intervention period. The follow-up was 1.33 for child A and 2 for child B. Conclusion : Oral activity and proprioceptive-vestibular sensory integration therapy are effective in drooling and playing with oral toys in children with sensory modulation problems in their oral sensory faculties.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-69
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• 2001

A 3 years-old male Tosa dog was referred to Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a history of difficulty in mastication. Clinical signs of dropped jaw, drooling, mild depression and dehydration were observed. According to history taking, physical examination, neurologic examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemical profile and radiography, the dog was diagnosed as idiopathic trigeminal nerve paralysis. Electroacupuncture treatment was applied to the dog on local and distal point at an interval of 7 days. Local points were GB-1 (Tong Zi Liao) of gall bladder meridian and ST-7 (Xia Guan) of stomach meridian. Distal points were PC-4 (Xi Men), PC-6 (Nei Guan) of pericardium meridian. Electrical stimulus was performed for 20 minutes at the frequency of 3 Hz, 3 Volts on ST-7. Ten days after the initial electroacupuncture treatment, clinical signs related to trigeminal nerve paralysis were almost disappeared.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2021

Goal of this study is to introduce newly developed Oral Motor Facilitation Technique(OMFT), to identify effect of oral motor therapy on oral praxis and oral function of Down syndrome child. OMFT is comprehensive oral motor therapy for improving sensory adaptation, oral sensori-motor function, oral motor coordination of oro-facial structure by therapist's direct manual stroking. Subject was 10years old down syndrome boy. Treatment was practiced 8 times, 15minutes per time, from May to July, 2020. Oral praxis, drooling, quality of chewing ability were tested before and after treatments. Every single items of Oral Praxis Test was increased. Severity and frequency of drooling were decreased. Quality of chewing ability is improved. Through this case study, we can find the positive effect of OMFT on oral praxis, drooling, chewing ability of Down syndrome child.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze non-invasive treatments and drooling assessment methods in children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities, who drool. Methods : This study searched two hundred papers published in 2005-2019. Forty-four papers were selected based on their abstract and title, and ten papers were finally selected following a secondary search. Results : The PEDro Scale of the selected papers was high with an average of seven points. As a result of analyzing the overall trends, the study participants were primarily patients with cerebral palsy, and recently, the therapeutic intervention of oral sensory exercise was more actively studied than behavioral modification. Studies of behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise intervention methods were found to have differences in participant age and, cognitive level, number of participants, research design, treatment time, and duration. Studies to confirming the frequency and severity of the drooling measurement method were found to be the main factor. Conclusion : This study analyzed typical behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise interventions as examples of non-invasive therapeutic interventions for children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities and provided information to help select appropriate therapeutic intervention methods when planning non-invasive therapy using behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise therapy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2020

A 60-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure was admitted to the hospital with severe pain in the upper lip, which began 4 days prior to admission, accompanied by a bullous lesion and suspected cellulitis in the upper lip. Immediately after admission, as the patient's general condition worsened, tests revealed a non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, septic embolism of the lung, as well as septic shock. Her upper lip suddenly presented a gangrenous and necrotic change, which the tissue and blood culture confirmed to be a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. After a quick response, the patient's general condition improved. Subsequently, serial debridement was performed to effectively clear away the purulent discharge. While under general anesthesia, the process confirmed full-layer necrosis of the upper lip including the orbicularis oris muscle. Almost half of the entire upper lip sustained a full-layer skin and soft tissue defect, with scar contracture. Six months later, to correct the drooling and lip sealing following the defects, a scar release and an Abbe flap coverage were performed considering both functional and aesthetic aspects. The follow-up revealed a favorable corrective result of the upper lip drooling, and the patient was satisfied from a functional perspective.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2012

This is a case report about rape poisoning in a Hanwoo. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compound in rape may cause poisoning in domestic animals. Rape poisoned cattle may show big and rapid breath with opening its mouth, edema and erosion of skin with itching, drooling, dyspnea and indigestion. Besides there can be shown neurological (blindness) and urological (red water) symptoms in some cases. There is no effective therapy for rape poisoning, therefore stopping the rape supplying is basically important. Clinical symptoms and history taking are very important factors in diagnosis of rape poisoning, due to the absence of diagnostic standard of judgment for rape poisoning. A Hanwoo 38 months old cow, in a farm located in Gyeoungbuk province showed typical rape poisoning symptoms such as breath with opening its mouth, drooling, dyspnea and hyperphotosensitivity, and dramatical recovery were occurred after stopping supplying of rape. The cow were diagnosed as the rape poisoning based on observation of clinical symptoms and history taking.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. Methods: A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Results: In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1973

Esophagel atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula may occur as separate entities but usually occur in combination. First described by Durston in 1670, esophageal atresia was not successfully treated until 1939 when Ladd in Boston and Leven in St. Paul obtained the first survivors utilizing the methods of gastrostomy, esophagostomy and extrapleural ligation of the tracheoesophageal fistula as multiple operations which required months of hospitalization. Two years later Cameron Haight performed the first successful primary repair and afterward about 2000 cases of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula reported in the world. In Korea, there appeared about 27 cases in the literature and 8 successful repaired cases noted in these year. Anther report two cases of esophageal atresia, of which one case was successfully treated with Haight`s method. Case 1.: Normal full term delivered boy with chief complaints of respiratory difficulty and persistent drooling with chocking, 3. lkg, was admitted with emergency 5 hours after delivery. Physical findings revealed no specific abnormal signs except distended abdomen and grunting respiration. Esophagograrn and bronchogram revealed proximal esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula proximal to the carina. Parent refused operative therapy and patient died 24 hours after discharge. Case 2. :3. lkg. normal full term delivered girl was admitted 4 days after delivery with chief complaints of regurgitation after feeding, chocking, cyanotic spell and fever since the day after delivery. Physical examination revealed persistent drooling, grunting respiration, and fever with moderate dehydration. Tracheoesophageal suction and fluid therapy with antibiotics improved her condition and subsided ]pneumonic condition. Esophagogram revealed markedly dilated proximal esophagus as blind loop and stomach distended with gas, and repairing operation as Haight`s method was performed on the 7th day after delivery. Patient tolerated all the operative procedure well and recovered uneventfully. Esophagogram on the 7th postoperative day showed passage of the lipiodol through the anastomotic side with moderate stricture,and feeding permitted. Patient tolerated all the feeding amount well and discharged on the 11th postoperative day. Followup revealed intermittent regurgitation after feeding and corrected with bougination.