• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2017

Recently, with the attention of future vehicle technology, automobiles that are influenced by user experience(UX) are regarded as living space. However, the concept of term, definition, and constituent factors of driving experience have not been established so far. The purposes of this study are to define driving experience in terms of UX and to extract experience factors. We conducted the 18 drivers interviews and studied literature reviews. The collected interview data was analyzed by bottom-up method based on the grounded theory. And we reconstructed it through the top-down approach, based on the results of the literature review. As the result, the 'driving experience' is a concept that means all the emotions, perceptions, and cognitive outcomes on the basis of personal characteristics that drivers have in anticipation of the driving situation from the start to the destination Respectively. Nine factors that constitute driving experience were extracted by 'internal UI factors', 'environmental factors' and 'user related factors'.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

There are a lot of factors that influence automotive fuel economy such as average trip time per kilometer, average trip speed, the number of times of vehicle stationary, and so forth. These factors depend on road conditions and traffic environment. In this study, various driving data were measured and recorded during road tests in Seoul. The accumulated road test mileage is around 1,300 kilometers. The objective of the study is to identify the driving patterns of the Seoul metropolitan area and to analyze the fuel economy based on these driving patterns. The driving data which was acquired through road tests was analysed statistically in order to obtain the driving characteristics via modal analysis, speed analysis, and speed-acceleration analysis. Moreover, the driving data was analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis in order to obtain the relationships between influencing factors on fuel economy. The analyzed results show that the average speed is around 29.2 km/h, and the average fuel economy is 10.23 km/L. The vehicle speed of the Seoul metropolitan area is slower, and the stop-and-go operation is more frequent than FTP-75 test mode which is used for emission and fuel economy tests. The average trip time per kilometer is one of the most important factors in fuel consumption, and the increase of the average speed is desirable for reducing emissions and fuel consumption.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2018

Self-driving is meaningful activity for older persons because it enlarges the range of activity and provides opportunities for social participation. Driving is a complex activity that requires integration of physical, cognitive and sensory functions and is influenced by human and psychological factors. Age related functional deterioration affects the driving ability of older drivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the risk of accidents and driving cessation of elderly drivers through systematic literature review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, Pubmed were used for searching articles published from 2007 to 2017. 'aged', 'aging', 'automobile driving', 'age factors' were used as search terms and 18 articles were finally selected for analysis among 1,458 articles. In result of the study, the most significant effect showed in the physical domain, the driving habit and the performance function. The most frequent used tools evaluated driving habit and the cognitive function. In demographic characteristics, there was a correlation with the driving discontinue according to sex and age. This study emphasizes the necessity of preparing measures for safety driving with elderly. In addition, it suggests the necessity of systematically services such as individual education programs based on various driving cessation related factors of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.195-204
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• 2008

When the drivers try to read an information on road signs, they can reach their destinations successfully. In this situation, human factors, road signs and geometric condition regarded as the most important factors for a safe driving should be a well-balanced relationship mutually. This research aims to prove the factors obstructing a safe driving, while drivers try to read an information on road signs for the next destination. For this sake, driving simulator was used and human factors, road signs etc. were considered in this experiment. The statistical analysis indicated what factors disturb a safe driving. The probability function using a Logistic Model was presented in this study. This result and experience will be used as a basic data in designing better road signs.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

These days, human behavior (human factor), the main cause of traffic accidents, has drawn more attention. Research on driving behavior based on DBQ(Driver Behavior Questionnaire), the analysis tool of driving behavior, has been conducted actively. In domestic previous studies, their analysis subjects were limited to researchers or military officials, and their analysis methods were based on factor analysis and regression analysis. Therefore, this study tries to find the factors of general drivers' driving behavior that influence risk driving, and to analyze their influential relationship. Regarding study scope, general drivers with driving career were asked to answer DBQ questionnaire, and 300 effective samples were analyzed. In addition, previous studies were investigated to draw the three measurable attributes of DBQ-'Lapse, Mistake, and Violation'-as main factors of traffic accidents, and structural equation model was applied to design risk driving behavior model. To identify the difference between risk driving groups, this study made use of multiple group analysis. The analysis came to the following results: First, according to the examination of the hypothesis that 'Lapse, Mistake, and Violation factors will influence risk driving behavior', all factors were found to be statistically significant. Regarding their level of influence on risk driving behavior, Violation was 0.464, Lapse 0.383, and Mistake 0.158, and thus Violation was analyzed to be the most influential. Secondly, according to the examination of the hypothesis that 'the influence of Lapse, Mistake, and Violation factors on risk driving behavior will be different by risk group', the influence of Lapse on risk driving behavior was found to be different by risk group. It is expected that the study results will be used as a fundamental program to introduce traffic accident prevention program and education that takes violation and lapse into consideration.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-197
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• 2011

This study aimed to expand and reconstruct the Driving Behavior Determinants' factors in order to confirm the relationship between Driving Behavior Determinants(DBD) and drivers' reckless driving behavior level. To expand the structure of DBD, drivers anger, introversion and type A characteristics were added, which were never considered as related factors in existing DBD studies before. The correlations between the new factors of DBD and reckless driving behavior(includes driver's personal records of driving experiences for the last three years) were verified. A factor analysis result showed us that new DBD questionnaire consists of five factors such as, 'Problem Evading', 'Benefits/Sensation Seeking', 'Anti-personal Anxiety', 'Anti-personal Anger', and 'Aggression'. Also, reckless driving behavior consists of 'Speeding', 'Inexperienced Coping', 'Wild Driving', 'Drunken Driving', and 'Distraction'. The result of correlation between the DBD and reckless driving behavior indicates that inappropriate level of DBD is highly correlated with dangerous driving behavior and strong possibilities of traffic accidents. Based on these results, we might be able to discriminate drivers according to DBD level and predict their reckless driving behavior through a standardization procedure. Futhermore, this will make us to provide drivers differentiated safety education service.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.100-111
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• 1997

This is the first Korea study to evaluate the effects od the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic informaion for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major insturment of this study were Krean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudes : driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle conditions, the use of drugs, high-risk behaviors, and human factors. To take the analysis of data, the total of 350 divers were investigated ambulance divers and others in Taejon City and others (6 City) from 1996. 1. July to 1996. 31. July. The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the logistic regression - path analysis - with SPSS and SAS package program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(16.2%) and undesirable attitude group(17.6%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accidents much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving < Y(Accdient) = -2.64 + 0.57 $X_1$ (Emotion Control) + 0.30 $X_2$(Seed control) + E > and motor traffic acident much affected with emotion control and high-risk behavior on safety driving < Y(Accident) = -1.11 + 0.33 $X_1$(Emotion Control) + 0.29 $X_2$(High-risk Behvior) + E > 4. The primary emphassis of ambulance drivers was make us realized that improthatnt factors on safety ambulance driving were 1)making way for emergent ambulance, 2)driver's career, 3)The ability of emergency medical technics, and the knowledge or under standing of ambulance way difficut(or easy) of accdess. 5. Almost 96.6% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers. 6. Almost 94.6% of respondents have consented to necessity of emergtency medical technicians for ambulance driving. 7. It have suggested that the proportion of traffic accident proportion by desitable attitude group(16.7%) was much less than that of undesirable attitude group(30.8%) on safety ambulance driving(P < 0.05)/Ps) Accidents are unplanned, unforesen incidents which can lead to harmful or unfortunate outcomes, Collisons are not accidents, since the basic cause of the majority of collisons invovles high-risk human behavior. Although there are many factors which contribute to accident causation, four basic factors seem to predominate in most traffic related situations. These four factors include: the human factor, the vehicle factor, the environmental factors and destination factor(Peto G. et al. 1995).

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2022

This paper investigates the effects of age, gender, and situational factors on take-over performance in automated driving. The existing automated driving systems still consider a driver as a fallback-ready user who is receptive to take-over requests. Thus, we need to understand the impact of situations and human factors on take-over performance. 34 drivers drove on a simulated track, consisting of one baseline and four event scenarios. The data, including the brake reaction time and the standard deviation of lane position, and physiological data, including the heart rate and skin conductance, were collected. The analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant age, gender, and situational differences in the takeover performance and mental workload. Findings from this study indicated that older drivers may face risks due to their degraded driving performance, and female drivers may have a negative experience on automated driving.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and traffic accidents and to provide statistic information for the various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. This Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure drivers' opinions or attitudes: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factors. The total of 145 divers were investigated ambulance drivers in Taejon City and others(6 City) from 2000. 5. July to 2000. 11. July. The data were analyzed by the path analysis - with SPSS and AMOS package program. The result are as follows : 1. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.88{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.92{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.46{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E). 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.398{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.500{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.263{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E) by coefficiecial structural analysis.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2013

Purpose - Labor productivity is extremely important to the profitability and competitive advantage of organizations that provide services to customers, such as banks. This study investigates the factors driving labor productivity in Iran's Melli Bank. Research design, data, methodology - Five managerial, psychosocial, cultural, and individual factors are identified and their relative importance for labor productivity prioritized using AHP. The required data are then collected through a questionnaire designed for a pairwise comparison of the driving factors of labor productivity and their subcategories. Results - The study outcomes reveal that the managerial and individual factors are the most important. Specifically, the most important factors in increasing labor productivity in the branches of Melli Bank are having a competent supervisor, promotion opportunities, fair working conditions, conscientiousness, the right tools, and a correspondence between skills and work. Conclusions - Implementing AHP using Expert Choice software revealed that, among the driving factors of labor productivity (i.e., managerial, psychosocial, cultural, environmental, and personal), managerial factors were considered the most important by the respondents.