• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.423-427
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• 2000

Total arsenic in drinking water such as spring, small water-supply system and mineral water was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The contents of total arsenic were analyzed after acidification by nitric acid to become 1% in water samples. According to the results, total concentration of arsenic in drinking water was below 30ppb.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2021

As the number of single-person households increases, the consumption of bottled water is increasing. In addition, as the public's interest in radioactivity increases, interest in the field of living radioactivity is also increasing. Since drinking water is an essential element in our daily life, it must be safe from radioactivity. In this study, gamma radiation of drinking spring water was measured and internal exposure dose evaluation was performed to determine its harmfulness. K-40 and uranium-based radioactivity analysis was performed through a high-purity germanium detector, and as a result, drinking water was detected somewhat higher than that of mixing water. Since there is no regulation on the natural radioactivity concentration in Korea, it was compared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Regulations and World Health Organization standard. As a result, there were some items that exceeded standards. Internal exposure was evaluated according to the effective dose formula of ICRP 119. As the result was derived that a maximum of 1.17 mSv per year could be received. This result means that the dose limit for the general public may be exceeded, and it was judged that it is necessary to set an appropriate standard value and present a recommendation value through continuous monitoring in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. As Chlorination is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine also reacts with natural organic matter (NOM), which presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-product (DBps), which may have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of DBPs formation and difference of DBPs concentration in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. Distant variation of DBPs formation is that THMs concentration increase by 17% at 2 km point from the plant and by 28% at 7 km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32%, at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56%, at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually. The seasonal occurrence of DBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very high then in March, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.979-985
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• 2010

This study was performed to detect enterococci strain as an indicator of faecal contamination, to identify of 16S rDNA sequence and vancomycin resistance by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test from drinking spring-water samples in Seoul. The detection frequency of enterococci was 42 (19.8%) among 212 samples, and its concentration was ranged from 0 to 110 CFU/100 mL. These results were confirmed the possibility as an indicator microorganisms that similar to the frequency of E. coli detection (t test p-value 0.268, significant level 0.05). Isolated 56 enterococci samples were identified by 16S rDNA sequence data and their NCBI BLAST searching. They were identified to Enterococcus faecalis of 24 samples, E. faecium (10), E. casseliflavus (10), E. gallinarum (3), E. hirae (2), E. durans (2), E. sanguinicola (1). E. faecalis was dominant species that clinical case report of a domestic was similar. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) of 53 samples showed that vanB and vanC1/C2 type with 2 and 12 case, respectively. These results indicated that the drinking spring-water quarantined to fecal pollution for block out outbreak of gastrointestinal symptom with using such as disinfection process.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

Uranium can be released into the water environment from natural sources and human activities. The natural source of uranium is dominant in the Korean soil and groundwater environments. Uranium has both of radioactive and chemical toxic properties. Therefore, a drinking water contaminated with uranium has a high health risk. This study was conducted to determine the uranium concentration of water systems including small village drinking water system, groundwater for drinking water purpose, spring water, groundwater monitoring well, and emergency water suppling system. The uranium concentration was compared with domestic and other countries' standard. The contamination level was also evaluated on the basis of geological characteristics of the area. Among total 803 samples, 6 exceeded the Korean standard, $30{\mu}g/{\ell}$ and this was about 0.7% of the total sample. On the basis of geology, uranium concentration appeared to be increased in order of biotite granodiorite > biotite granite > gneissoid granite. The highest level of uranium was 12.4 in average.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 1999

In Korea accelerated industry development and urbanization during the last three decades have led serious water pollution problems in many parts of the nation. Especially in the regions of west and south coast have low fresh water in the dry season of spring and summer. In the place isolated from land it is important to secure the fresh water for drinking and general service. This study is concerned on the thermal system design to develop low-pressure evaporation type fresh water gen-erator of capacity 1 ton/day using the heat source of non-operating boiler in the season of spring and summer. The results obtained from this study are as follows. the water quantitieds generated from experi-mental evaporator showed good coincidence with the calculated values. The maximum production quantity was 1.38ton/day at pressure 40mmHg abs. and temperature $80^{\circ}C$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

The germination rate of radishes grown with the far infrared irradiated water and drinking water was 100% and 78% respectively. The far infrared irradiated water stimulated the cell division of the cotyledons and enlarged the cell sizes both in the dark and in the light. In the dark and light conditions, the size of the cotyledons of transversal axis and longitudinal axis grown with the far infrared irradiated water was bigger than that grown with the drinking water. The content of chlorophyll and the consumption of $CO_2$ of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water were higher, respectively. Osmotic pressure of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water was 1.25 factors higher than that grown with the drinking water. The water potential of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water was more negative value. The length of hypocotyls grown with the far infrared irradiated water was 2.18 factors longer in the dark, 1.99 factors longer in the light than that grown with the drinking water and the radish roots grown with the far infrared irradiated water were larger, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of mineral components, health and taste index for water supply plants, spring water located in northern Gyeonggi area and bottled waters in market to analyze Ca, K, Mg Na, Si, $F^-$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$. Method: The samples were source and tap water in 15 water supply plants over 9 river basin, 172 spring water and 20 bottled water. The Ca, K, Mg Na and Si were analyzed by ICP-OES. The $F^-$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ were determined by Ion Chromatograph. Then, taste and health index were calculated using Hashimoto equation. Results: The average concentration of major minerals showed in same order of Ca > Na > Mg > K for all kinds of drinking water from water supply plants, spring waters and bottled waters. Total concentration of major minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na) was calculated that showed 26.79 mg/L of tap water, 21.81 mg/L of spring water, 32.94 mg/L of bottled water on average. So, the spring waters indicated the lowest minerals sum. The tap water from water supply plants was categorized to Group I, II for 33.3, 44.4% according to K-index and O-index. Otherwise, spring water was classified as Group I, II for 44.0, 46.3%. Conclusion: According to the results of K and O-index, water from water supply plant showed higher K-index which means good for the health. Otherwise, spring water indicated higher O-index that people can feel more delicious than tap water. Futhermore, the mineral distribution of source water from water supply plants and spring water had indicated high correlation with geological effect.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.433-437
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• 2011

The study is conducted to evaluate loading of organic matter as seasonal changes during non-storm period into Lake Paldang which is used to a major drinking water source. Samples were taken in Lake Paldang intake during non-storm period and were analyzed loading of organic matter. From the results of the survey, improving of the water quality showed remarkable tendency depending on the changing periods from summer to fall and from fall to winter. Dilution effect from the increase of base run-off caused by the concentrated rainfall in rainy season, the characteristics of Korea's climate seems to have to be the reason. On the other hand, deteriorating of the water quality showed tendency depending on the changing periods from winter to spring and from spring to summer. Increase of Cyanobacteria etc. is explained by seasonal effects which are a small amount of the rainfall in winter and spring and gradational increase of water temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2004

We studied algal growth-related water quality of the Dongbok lake which is the drinking water reservoir for the Gwangju municipality. Peridinium cinctum and several diatomic algal species frequently caused water bloom throughout the lake from early spring to late autumn. With the heaviest predominance of Peridinium cintum in May 2003, COD was 13.7 mg/I in the surface layer. Highly turbid surface water with 46.8 mg/I of SS was also caused by Perdinium bloom. Peridinium bloom decisively eliminated cyanobacterial growth in the lake, otherwise cyanobacterial bloom resulted. Dense algal layer was confined in the upper several meters of the water column above the thermocline, which gives relatively algae-free water in deeper layer suitable for drinking source water supply. Upon collapse of thermocline, water quality of the surface layer was improved while deeper layer was deteriorated in terms of water quality. This paper deals with some details of water quality changes with algal growth in the Dongbok lake past two years.