• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1451-1454
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• 2003

The present investigation was carried out to study the affect of feeding urea ammoniated neem kernel meal on carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of the meat in goats. Eight local weaned kids of 3-4 months age with mean body weight of $7.85{\pm}0.42kg$ were assigned to two groups of four each in a completely randomised design and were offered diets containing isonitrogenous concentrate mixtures containing either peanut meal or urea ammoniated neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel meal (UANSKM) along with ad libitium oat hay or green sorghum as roughage for 13 fortnights. The animals were slaughtered at the end of the experimental period and the carcass characteristics and organoleptic evaluation of the meat was carried out. The carcass characteristics in terms of dressing percentage, meat bone ratio, percent edible and inedible did not differ between the treatments. Similarly the organoleptic characteristics and cooking loss were comparable between the treatments implying that UANSKM can be substituted for peanut meal in goat diets to alleviate the shortage and high cost of peanut meal without affecting meat quality.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2002

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of two biologically active compounds(Strom and F-760) in control of wheat root rot disease and its causal organisms. Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana were used as target organisms. In vitro, the two compounds showed fungicidal effect on all investigated pathogens resulted in suppression of radial growth and mycelial dry weight of them. Under greenhouse conditions, treatment of wheat grains with either Strom or F-760 before cultivation significantly reduced the percent of disease distribution as well as the mean disease rating of plants in both seedling and flowering stages. Fresh and dry weights of plants as well as water maintenance capacity were increased as the result of applying these compounds as seed dressing. Also data showed that the membrane stability of plants was injured as a result of infection with all investigated organisms, while this injury was alleviated when F-760 and Strom were applied. The $K^+$ efflux and the leakage of UV absorbing metabolites was stimulated with fungal infection. However, F-760 and Storm treatment partially retarded the stimulatory effect on leakage of $K^+$ and UV-absorbing metabolites of fungal infected plants. On the other side, the fungal infection had inhibitory effects on pigment fractions(chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) biosynthesis in wheat leaves. This retarding effect was partially or completely alleviated as the grains were treated with the applied compounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1993

A total of 333 calves were evaluated for carcass quality traits including: dressing percentage (DP), yield grade (YG), marbling score (MS), fat thickness (FT) and percent body fat (PF). Mating types included straightbred Angus (A) and Santa Gertrudis (S), the reciprocal crosses of these two breeds and Gelbvieh (G) ${\times}$ Angus. The year of birth, slaughter group and dam breed were found to have greatly influenced DP. Mating types had no effect on DP. For YG, sire breed, sire within sire breed and slaughter group were important. Crossbreds of A ${\times}$ S had the highest YG followed by A purebreds. Crossbreds of G ${\times}$ A had the lowest YG. Sire breed, dam breed and the slaughter group has significantly affected the MS. Sire breed, sire nested within sire breed and slaughter group were found to have greatly influenced the FT. Sires and dams of A produced the greatest FT while sires of G produced the lowest. Slaughter group 2 (slaughtered at 433 days of age) had a greater FT than group 1 (slaughtered at 393 days of age). For PF, sire breed, sire within sire breed, dam breed and slaughter group had significant effects. A purebreds had the largest PF while S purebreds and G ${\times}$ A crosses had the least.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1237-1243
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• 2013

This study has focused on the effect of ultrasonic vibration table in ELID grinding process of aluminum nitride ceramics. Aluminum nitride ceramics has superior physical and chemical properties and widely used in IC, LSI substrate, package and so on. To achieve the high effective machining of brittle and high strength ceramics as like aluminum nitride, machining method combined ELID grinding and ultrasonic vibration has been adopted in this study. From the experimental results, material removal rate, MRR has been increased maximum 36 percent and spindle resistance has been decreased in using ultrasonic table. Surface roughness of ground surface became a little worse in using ultrasonic table but was somewhat improved in feed direction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.708-712
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• 1998

One hundred and eighty, 1-day old broiler chicks, randomly divided into 15 replicates of 10 brids each were employed to six treatment rations (A, B, C, D, E and F). Rapeseed meal (RSM) with or without treatment was incorporated in the rations at 20 percent level in lieu of soybean meal. The birds in group A were fed soybean based ration and those in group B, C, D, E and F were given ration containing untreated, solvent extracted, water treated, autoclaved and ferrous sulphate treated RSM, respectively. Presence of RSM in the rations whether untreated or treated, significantly reduced weight gain and feed consumption of the birds compared with those of control group but efficiency of feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups remained unaffected. The size of thyroid galnds of the broilers using the meal was significantly larger than those having ration without RSM. The only exception was that the birds having solvent extracted meal had similar thyroid gland relative weight as those of control group indicating reduced antinutritional effect of isothiocyanates content due to solvent extraction of the meal.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.538-548
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• 1995

Calcium hydroxide has been used not only as pulp capping and pulpotomy agents in the operative dentistry, but dressing and temporary filling materials in root canal treatment. Calcium hydroxide was known to stimulate odontoblast to produce new reparative dentin and to eliminate microorganims effectively in the infected root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide solution on cultured L929 cells and its antibacterial effect on several streptococci. Calcium hydroxide solution (0.121g/100ml) was added to L929 cells and cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR) dye. Calcium hydroxide solution (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and $150{\mu}l$) was added to L929 cells in 96-well microplates for 1, 4 and 24 hours respectively. Cell viability was gradually decreased when the volume and exposure time of calcium hydroxide solution were increased. When $150{\mu}l$ of calcium hydroxide was applied to L929 cells for 24 hours, there was more than fifty percent reduction of cell viability. Calcium hydroxide solution (20g/100ml) showed antibacterial effect against S. uberis, S. intermedius and S. mitis after thirty-second exposure. But 0.121g/100ml concentration of cacium hydroxide solution exhibited no antibacterial effect on six streptococci after one-hour exposure.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to find out the effect of changes in the differentiated "servicescape" on the business performance in the hair salon industry using a case study. For this, we selected hair salon M located in Suwon. The shop is innovatively different from existing shops in terms of spatial layout and functionality. We conducted in-depth research, beginning with the launch of the shop concept through investment and ongoing stable sales. Research design, data, and methodology - The M hair salon is a start up shop providing a differentiated servicescape (physical environment where the service takes place) located in Suwon, Yeongtong-gu. We conducted research to investigate how spatial layout and functionality of the servicescape impact customers' perceived quality. The interview period and case analysis was May 2014 through March 2015, covering 11 months. To conduct the case analysis, we analyzed the spatial layout and functionality of existing shops and interviewed customers and experts about the difference between hair salon M and existing shops. Results - Our results found clues to the positive effect of spatial layout and functionality among servicescape factors on perceived service quality at the salon. The shop showed a fast payback of the principal investment, growth potential in contrast to competitors near the salon, and 45 percent returning customers. The problem with the spatial layout at existing shops was that customers were aware of the way other people were looking at them, since viewing angles overlapped, therefore there was a limitation to the relationship intensity with an exclusive hair designer. In contrast, the layout of the stands at the M salon kept the number of dressing stands limited to maximize the customer's emotional response. Additionally, because of the new layout of dressing stands hiding other customer voices and appearance in the salon, customers perceived their service space as independent. Therefore, they did not have to focus on their personal emotional response, which was one of the advantages of the new layout. Conclusions - This study conducted case study analysis by offering a new perspective focusing on spatial layout, previously not considered as an independent variable of quality evaluations and customer satisfaction in existing literature on hair salon management. Therefore, this study contributes to the field by offering an opportunity to discover the causal relationships between the overlooked physical environment and a customer's perceived quality. However, a process objectifying the results of the study through empirical analysis and hypotheses is needed to overcome the limitations of the case study approach and generalize the results. Moreover, it would be beneficial to conduct further empirical study of the relationship between the spatial layout provided in the case and a customer's emotional response and change in mood. In addition, an analysis is needed regarding how customers feel about the factors using the Kano Model. These suggestions would be considered in further study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate slaughter characteristics and carcass composition of indigenous long fat tailed sheep and Small East African goats purchased from the auction markets slaughtered at 1.5 to 2 yrs of age and 20 kg to 25 kg live weight. The animals were slaughtered according to halal standard procedures. The left half carcasses were jointed into eight wholesale joints, and dissected into muscles, fat and bone, which were weighed separately. Sheep had greater (p<0.05) slaughter BW (22.29 kg vs 20.50 kg) and empty BW (20.17 kg vs 18.67 kg) than goats (p<0.05). Dressing percentages were lower (p<0.001) in sheep than goats when carcass weight was expressed as percentage of slaughter BW (42.31% and 47.15%) and empty BW (46.75% and 51.79%). Sheep carcasses had lower (p<0.001) proportion (66.18% vs 71.64%) of muscles and higher (p<0.001) proportion of fat (7.41% vs 3.44%) than goat carcasses. Sheep had proportionally lighter (p<0.001) shoulder (18.89% vs 22.68%) and heavier (p<0.05) proportion of chump (7.916% vs 6.76%) and main rib (8.12% vs 7.07%). Sheep had more (p<0.001) muscles in the leg (28.83% vs 27.08%) and main rib (7.62% vs 6.36%) than goats. Sheep had less (p<0.001) muscles (20.28% vs 23.56%) in shoulder joints when expressed as percentage of total muscle of carcasses. It is concluded that there are differences in sheep and goat both in terms of carcass and joint yields and composition. The present study also implies that there is need to consider setting different meat cuts and prices for these cuts when one takes into account the differences in muscle distribution within joints in sheep and goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of castration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids. Fourteen Boer-cross buck and wether goat kids (n = 7; initial body weight (BW) $38.0{\pm}0.35\;kg$ and $34.8{\pm}0.35\;kg$, for bucks and wethers, respectively) were grazed on annual Marshall ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for 56 days. Body weights were recorded after 4 h withdrawal from feed and water for two consecutive days, every 2 wk. After d 56, animals were harvested and hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), dressing percent (DP), kidney and pelvic fat (KPF), longissimus muscle (LM) area, back fat (BF), and other carcass parameters were measured. Day 0 BW was used as a covariate for analyses. However, bucks were heavier than wethers at d 15 (p = 0.09), 42 (p = 0.001) and 56 (p = 0.001). Bucks had higher ADG (146 vs. 74 g/d; p = 0.001), HCW (21.2 vs. 18.8 kg; p = 0.06) and CCW (20.3 vs. 17.9 kg; p = 0.04) when compared with wether goats. Dressing percentage (51 vs. 47%; p = 0.06), KPF (0.44 vs. 0.16%; p = 0.02) and BF (0.41 vs. 0.21 cm; p = 0.05) were higher in wethers vs bucks, respectively; however, USDA live or carcass grades were similar. Longissimus muscle tissue from wethers and bucks were similar in darkness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$), but wethers had more (p = 0.02) yellow tint ($b^*$). Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids were higher (p = 0.001) in muscle tissue from wethers compared to bucks. The saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents of muscle tissue were lower (p = 0.001) for bucks with no difference in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Longissimus muscle initial temperature was higher in bucks (p<0.04) and pH change post-mortem was similar for bucks and wethers. These results indicated that castration of young market goats reduced growth performance and produced carcasses with more fat and higher SFA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 1996

In the first of two experiments, liveweight gain responses and carcass characteristics were investigated using two breeds of growing male goats, local (Dhofari) and exotic (Cashmere), fed on a whole pelleted-high fiber date by-products' based diet at 32.5% level (As-fed) supplemented with 12% fish (sardine), (HF-Fish) and a commercial concentrate diet (conc.). The (HF-Fish) diet was formulated to be iso-nitrogenous to the (conc.) diet, supplying 14% CP (DM-basis). Both diets together with Rhodes grass hay (Chloris Guyana) were fed ad libitum. The experimental design was a complete random arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial with breeds and diets as the main factors, using six animals per treatment. The experiment lasted for 84 days and goats were penned individually. At the end of the feeding trial, three animals from each treatment group were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. In experiment 2, diets' digestibility and N-balance were determined using 3 sheep per diet. The (HF-Fish) diet significantly(p < 0.05) improved liveweight gain. There was also a significant difference(p < 0.01) between breeds, with Cashmere gaining more than local goats. Feed conversion efficiency, dressing percent and longissimus dorsi area were not significantly affected by diet or breed(p > 0.05). Digestibility of the proximate components and N-balance for both diets were similar and not significantly different(p > 0.05). Fish supplementation greatly improved the digestibility of CF, ADF, NDF, cellulose and hemicellulose. Meat production ost was decreased by 31% due to feeding of the (HF-Fish) diet.