• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2013

Background: We investigated the effects of pre-emptive administration of ketamine and norBNI on pain behavior and the expression of DREAM, c-Fos, and prodynorphin proteins on the ipsilateral side of the rat spinal cord at 2 and 4 hours after formalin injection. Methods: Eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 major groups consisting of control rats (C) (n = 12), rats given only formalin injections (F) (n = 24), and rats treated with pre-emptive administration of either ketamine (K+F) (n = 24) or norBNI (N+F) (n = 24). The non-control groups were further divided into subgroups consisting of rats that were sacrificed at 2 and 4 hours (n = 12 for each group) after formalin injection. Pain behavior was recorded for 1 hour. After 2 and 4 hours, the rats were sacrificed and the spinal cords (L4-L5 sections) were removed for immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results: The pain behavior response was reduced in the K+F group compared to the other groups during the second phase of the formalin pain response. We detected an increase in the nuclear DREAM protein level in the K+F group at 2 and 4 hours and a transient decrease in the N+F group at 2 hours; however, it increased at 4 hours after injection. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) and Prodynorphin-like immunoreactivity (PLI) neurons decreased in the K+F group but increased in the N+F group at 2 hours after injection. While FLI decreased, PLI increased in all groups at 4 hours after injection. Conclusions: We suggest that NMDA and kappa opioid receptors can modulate DREAM protein expression, which can affect pain behavior and protein transcriptional processes at 2 hours and bring about either harmful or protective effects at 4 hours after formalin injection.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

The mainstream of cinema animated film in today's world is the animated film produced by film companies such as Disney, DreamWorks, and 20th Century Fox. These animated films are influenced by Hollywood blockbusters, high cost, and big-budget, which have brought a gorgeous and splendid audio-visual feast to the global audience. DreamWorks Studios founded in 1994 has become noted in just over ten years. It has produced many high-quality animated works which are well-known all over the world. This achievement is no doubt inseparable from its superior external animation industry environment, and benefited from the American animation industry which commercially operated for almost 100 years. However, in addition to these external environmental factors, DreamWorks' achievements have also come from the extraordinary and superior creation of the animated film scripts, strong narrative script ensures the logic and appeal of animated films. This article takes Kung Fu Panda series, Shrek series, The Prince of Egypt, The Croods, Chicken Run, Megamind and other representative films produced by DreamWorks as key analysis object, using Jean Baudrillard's simulation and imaging theory, Syd Field's screenwriting skills, and Hegel's aesthetic point of view, explores the Creative Style of DreamWorks' Animated Film Script which contains the following four aspects. The script is exaggerated and novel, and the subject matter is rich and targeted. The script creation is very imaginative and can fully express the visual beauty. The structure of the story is well controlled, the space comes from reality but full of imagination. The characters have distinctive personality and the dialogue is moderated but forceful.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Objectives: It has been known that the contents of dreams change according to neuro-developmental differences in sex, progression of age and various environments, unlike the established psychoanalytic theory. To investigate the changes, we collected "most recent dream report" and analyzed the contents of dreams by using Hall/Van de Castle System. Method: Most recent dream reports were gathered from age 12-14 years old, 2,673 middle school students (1,544 male 1,129 female) and analyzed those reports using Hall/Van de Castle System. The data were sorted in SAS and dream SAT. Result: There were prominent differences between male and female middle school students in Male/Female Percentage (male/ female；56%/35%), Familiarity Percentage (57%/69%), Aggression/Friendliness Percentage (79%/65%), Befriender Percentage (50%/33%), Physical Aggression Percentage (90%/70%), Indoor Setting Percentage (40%/55%), Negative Emotion Percentage (56%/68%) and Torso/Anatomy Percentage (51%/36%). There were significant differences in Male/Female Percentage (65%/44%), Friendliness, Physical Aggression and Self Negativity Percentage in male and there were significant differences in Friendliness, Familiarity and Friends Percent in female between 1st and 2nd grade. But, it showed much similar dream patterns between 2nd and 3rd grade in both gender. In male, Aggression/Character Index with male character is significantly increased by 2nd grade (1st/ 2nd/ 3rd；0.48/ 1.04/0.98), In female, Friendliness/Character Index with male character had significantly decreased by 2nd grade (0.38/ 0.19/0.20). Conclusion: There were apparent differences between age 12-14 years old male and female. Male adolescents have differences mostly in categories related with aggression, but female adolescents have differences in categories related with environment or character. It shows that developmental level of male are slower than female as of yet and male needs more active interpersonal relationship to find identity. Otherwise, the influences of passive attitude and actual circumferential environment are reflected in female's dream. There are no prominent differences among ages, but age 12-13 years old adolescents shows significant differences in interacting with the other gender. It means that circumferential environment and interpersonal relationship affect the contents of dreams and also the cognitive development related to age and sex. Afterwards, the development of dreams could be better understood through the neurocognitive study and dream analysis between other ages and nations.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2006

Phenomena experienced by all individuals and cultural interpretation of such phenomena seem to be irrelevant to the change of time. The subject dream to be discussed in this study is one of them. Nevertheless, people's attitude of understanding dreams in the past is obviously different from the contemporary one, and the interpretation of dreams reveals the science of the corresponding age. Bishop Daveluy, a missionary to Chosun in the mid 19th century, observed Korean people's hardly understandable response to dreams. According to his explanation, Chosun people regarded what they saw in a dream as a fact. It might have been quite long that a dream is regarded as a sign of the future. However, how a dream can be a sign of the future is explained different according to the science of the corresponding age. Many records on dreams since the late Koryo Dynasty and the early Chosun Dynasty did not give satisfactory answers to this question. However, new interpretations of dreams were attempted occasionally in the process that the Sung Confucian view of nature in the Chosun Dynasty was being matured. One of such interpretations is that a dream is obviously a phenomenon of human cognition and there is a rule behind dreams. I t was believed that the rule is a flow of energy defined by reason penetrating through the past, the present and the future and, as a consequence, dreams are future oriented. The view that a dream is a phenomenon with a causal relation is observed more specifically in medicine. I t was understood basically as a pathological phenomenon but, at the same time, a substance in an organic relation with the human body. In addition, it was understood as the results of facts (physiological and pathological processes) experienced by the body in the past and the sign of diseases in the future. However, from the viewpoint of contemporary science based on empirical rationalism, such foreseeability is fundamentally unacceptable. In contemporary science, in which scientific analysis of phenomena has to be of the past tense, dreams exist as the representations of the past. What Bishop Daveluy saw in Korean people was a phenomenon observed when the pre modern met the modern as pre modern people's life and idea were viewed from a modern people's eye.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the Spatial Imagery(Yijing) of the Weeping Bamboo Lodge(Xiaoxiangguan) which is from Chinese Qing dynasty novel "Dream of Red Mansions". The conclusions are as follows. First, the fantasy garden what is described in the novel "Dream of Red Mansions" can be recreated in reality. Second, through the analysis of the spatial imagery, the plants of the Weeping Bamboo Lodge contains a lot of meaning, and mainly through the plants to express meaning. Third, the main garden concept of the Weeping Bamboo Lodge is "Inspired by Nature", the representative space constitution principle is "the art of circuitous" and "view borrowing". Fourth, the concept of traditional garden in the novel "Dream of Red Mansions" and the landscape architecture theory book "Yuan Ye(Art of garden building)" is essentially in agreement. The generation process of garden spatial imagery was showed in this study, and on the basis of this, the garden spatial imagery of the Weeping Bamboo Lodge was analyzed. It is provided the useful information for the future research, and the novel "Dream of Red Mansions" as a important book was determined in the research of traditional garden.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.245-254
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop portal web contents for nursing student's career search. The portal web contents named 'Nurse Dream' was designed and developed by using 134 nursing students' survey data and referring to expert consultation. 97.0% of respondents expressed intention of using website or application for career search if it is completed. What they want to know was 'income(19.0%)', 'qualifications for job(18.0%)', 'path to job(18.0%)'. With survey analysis and expert consultation, 'Nurse Dream' was designed to have various categories including 'Nurse Career Guidance', 'Nurse Recruitment'. Developing portal web contents suggests that it is possible for nursing students to get enough information for career search and enhance career satisfaction, which is likely to give them positive impact.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

STSAT-2 will be launched on December 2007 by the first Korean launch vehicle KSLV-1, and its one of the main instruments is DREAM (Dual Channel Radio Frequency and Environment Atmosphere Monitoring) which detects a signal for atmosphere from the Earth by using micro-wave signal. The STSAT-2 has many units for technology demonstration such as FDSS (Fine Digital Sun Sensor) and DHST (Dual Head Star Tracker) including PPT (Pulsed Plasma Thruster) for attitude control and momentum dumping in the space. In this paper, the power budget analysis for STSAT-2 will be studied and provided for supporting the whole mission life time during the mission of its spacecraft.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 2019

This research examines whether the evaluation index used Dream Start services operation evaluation has 'reliability in evaluation field and area' and 'whether there is discrimination according to evaluation index'. To do this, we conducted an empirical analysis based on the evaluation data of 126 municipal and provincial governments that received the 2018 Dream Start services operation evaluation. First, as a result of examining whether there is trust in each evaluation area, it was found that the reliability of the basic construction, integrated case management, and service operation field is higher than .6 and the lower evaluation indexes are the same Standards were met. However, the field of resource exploit and connectivity was not so reliable as the concept of sub-domains. Second, 'Are there discriminatory power according to the evaluation indexes?' The results showed that 18 of the 28 indicators were highly discriminative. On the other hand, 10 indicators showed low discrimination power.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.85-109
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• 2018

This paper aims to compare the two groups of TFA in U.S. and Dream Touch For All in Korea established with the same goals: 1) goal and core value, 2) qualification and training of teachers, and 3) educational performance. As a result of the analysis, the two groups showed that they focused on the role of teachers to improve the academic achievement of the underprivileged under the goal of solving the inequality of education. However, while TFA in the United States was able to function within public education, Korea's Dream Touch For All played a complementary role in public education. In the case of the United States, it appears to be a 'quasi-open' teacher training system that allows teachers from alternative teacher groups such as TFA to be accepted, while in Korea it shows the character of 'closed teacher training system' to be. For this reason, the two groups showed differences in core value, teacher training, and operating program, and as a result, they also set different educational models.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.351-361
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to understand and explain the essences and structures of the experience of Korean nursing students' college life who have defected from North Korea. Korea. Methods: The data were collected in 2012 through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of 6 nursing students who have escaped from North Korea participated in the study. Each interview lasted about 2 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Phenomenological analysis. Results: Four theme clusters emerged by the analysis using Collaizzi's method: a dream of passing, the stern realities of life, out of the frying pan into the fire, and passion for my dream. These theme clusters illustrate that although most participants faced very strange and strenuous situations in most aspects of college life, each of them had hope to be an a good nurse in the future. The essence of the experience of participants was "living as a star in the black night". Conclusion: This study provides deep understanding of college life of nursing students who defected from North Korea. Based on the results of the study, the Korean government, society, and college should support refugees in order to help settle well in Korean society.